Chronobiological evaluation and an intervention study on timing of food intake in the treatment of obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Gamsızkan ◽  
Attila Önmez ◽  
Tuba Sahip Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals Oxytocin Administration Alleviates Acute but Not Chronic Leptin Resistance of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Labyb ◽  
Chloé Chrétien ◽  
Aurélie Caillon ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
Jordi Altirriba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Whereas leptin administration only has a negligible effect on the treatment of obesity, it has been demonstrated that its action can be improved by co-administration of leptin and one of its sensitizers. Considering that oxytocin treatment decreases body weight in obese animals and humans, we investigated the effects of oxytocin and leptin cotreatment. First, lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with oxytocin for 2 weeks and we measured the acute leptin response. Second, DIO mice were treated for 2 weeks with saline, oxytocin (50 μg/day), leptin (20 or 40 µg/day) or oxytocin plus leptin. Oxytocin pre-treatment restored a normal acute leptin response, decreasing food intake and body weight gain. Chronic continuous administration of oxytocin or leptin at 40 µg/day decreased body weight in the presence (leptin) or in the absence (oxytocin) of cumulative differences in food intake. Saline or leptin treatment at 20 µg/day had no impact on body weight. Oxytocin and leptin cotreatments had no additional effects compared with single treatments. These results point to the fact that chronic oxytocin treatment improves the acute, but not the chronic leptin response, suggesting that this treatment could be used to improve the short-term satiety effect of leptin.

scholarly journals The Antiobesity Effects of Centrally Administered Neuromedin U and Neuromedin S Are Mediated Predominantly by the Neuromedin U Receptor 2 (NMUR2)

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 3101-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Peier ◽  
Jennifer Kosinski ◽  
Kimberly Cox-York ◽  
Ying Qian ◽  
Kunal Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Inhibit Food Intake ◽  
Selective Agonists ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deficient Mice

Neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) are structurally related neuropeptides that have been reported to modulate energy homeostasis. Pharmacological data have shown that NMU and NMS inhibit food intake when administered centrally and that NMU increases energy expenditure. Additionally, NMU-deficient mice develop obesity, whereas transgenic mice overexpressing NMU are lean and hypophagic. Two high-affinity NMU/NMS receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, have been identified. NMUR1 is predominantly expressed in the periphery, whereas NMUR2 is predominantly expressed in the brain, suggesting that the effects of centrally administered NMU and NMS are mediated by NMUR2. To evaluate the role of NMUR2 in the regulation of energy homeostasis, we characterized NMUR2-deficient (Nmur2−/−) mice. Nmur2−/− mice exhibited a modest resistance to diet-induced obesity that was at least in part due to reduced food intake. Acute central administration of NMU and NMS reduced food intake in wild-type but not in Nmur2−/− mice. The effects on activity and core temperature induced by centrally administered NMU were also absent in Nmur2−/− mice. Moreover, chronic central administration of NMU and NMS evoked significant reductions in body weight and sustained reductions in food intake in mice. In contrast, Nmur2−/− mice were largely resistant to these effects. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the anorectic and weight-reducing actions of centrally administered NMU and NMS are mediated predominantly by NMUR2, suggesting that NMUR2-selective agonists may be useful for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of Acupuncture in Obesity: A Perspective From the Hypothalamus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Chao-Chao Yu ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Qing Tian ◽  
Yan-Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disease caused by an imbalance in food intake and energy expenditure. Although acupuncture is widely used in the treatment of obesity in a clinical setting, its mechanism has not been adequately elucidated. As the key pivot of appetite signals, the hypothalamus receives afferent and efferent signals from the brainstem and peripheral tissue, leading to the formation of a complex appetite regulation circuit, thereby effectively regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. This review mainly discusses the relationship between the hypothalamic nuclei, related neuropeptides, brainstem, peripheral signals, and obesity, as well as mechanisms of acupuncture on obesity from the perspective of the hypothalamus, exploring the current evidence and therapeutic targets for mechanism of action of acupuncture in obesity.

scholarly journals GABA neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius express GLP-1 receptors and mediate anorectic effects of liraglutide in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (533) ◽  
pp. eaay8071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Fortin ◽  
Rachele K. Lipsky ◽  
Rinzin Lhamo ◽  
Jack Chen ◽  
Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes ◽  
Sites Of Action

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide is approved for the treatment of obesity; however, there is still much to be learned regarding the neuronal sites of action that underlie its suppressive effects on food intake and body weight. Peripherally administered liraglutide in rats acts in part through central GLP-1Rs in both the hypothalamus and the hindbrain. Here, we extend findings supporting a role for hindbrain GLP-1Rs in mediating the anorectic effects of liraglutide in male rats. To dissociate the contribution of GLP-1Rs in the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), we examined the effects of liraglutide in both NTS AAV-shRNA–driven Glp1r knockdown and AP-lesioned animals. Knockdown of NTS GLP-1Rs, but not surgical lesioning of the AP, attenuated the anorectic and body weight–reducing effects of acutely delivered liraglutide. In addition, NTS c-Fos responses were maintained in AP-lesioned animals. Moreover, NTS Glp1r knockdown was sufficient to attenuate the intake- and body weight–reducing effects of chronic daily administered liraglutide over 3 weeks. Development of improved obesity pharmacotherapies requires an understanding of the cellular phenotypes targeted by GLP-1R agonists. Fluorescence in situ hybridization identified Glp1r transcripts in NTS GABAergic neurons, which when inhibited using chemogenetics, attenuated the food intake– and body weight–reducing effects of liraglutide. This work demonstrates the contribution of NTS GLP-1Rs to the anorectic potential of liraglutide and highlights a phenotypically distinct (GABAergic) population of neurons within the NTS that express the GLP-1R and are involved in the mediation of liraglutide signaling.

scholarly journals Gs-coupled GPCR signalling in AgRP neurons triggers sustained increase in food intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Nakajima ◽  
Zhenzhong Cui ◽  
Chia Li ◽  
Jaroslawna Meister ◽  
Yinghong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Sustained Increase

Abstract Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating food intake and body weight, by releasing three different orexigenic molecules: AgRP; GABA; and neuropeptide Y. AgRP neurons express various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with different coupling properties, including Gs-linked GPCRs. At present, the potential role of Gs-coupled GPCRs in regulating the activity of AgRP neurons remains unknown. Here we show that the activation of Gs-coupled receptors expressed by AgRP neurons leads to a robust and sustained increase in food intake. We also provide detailed mechanistic data linking the stimulation of this class of receptors to the observed feeding phenotype. Moreover, we show that this pathway is clearly distinct from other GPCR signalling cascades that are operative in AgRP neurons. Our data suggest that drugs able to inhibit this signalling pathway may become useful for the treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Subcutaneous Infusion of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY on Energy Intake and Expenditure in Obese Volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 2364-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Tan ◽  
Preeshila Behary ◽  
George Tharakan ◽  
James Minnion ◽  
Werd Al-Najim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Subcutaneous Infusion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is currently the most effective treatment of obesity, although limited by availability and operative risk. The gut hormones Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Peptide YY (PYY), and Oxyntomodulin (OXM) are elevated postprandially after RYGB, which has been postulated to contribute to its metabolic benefits. Objective: We hypothesized that infusion of the three gut hormones to achieve levels similar to those encountered postprandially in RYGB patients might be effective in suppressing appetite. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a continuous infusion of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY (GOP) on energy intake and expenditure in obese volunteers. Methods: Obese volunteers were randomized to receive an infusion of GOP or placebo in a single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study for 10.5 hours a day. This was delivered subcutaneously using a pump device, allowing volunteers to remain ambulatory. Ad libitum food intake studies were performed during the infusion, and energy expenditure was measured using a ventilated hood calorimeter. Results: Postprandial levels of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY seen post RYGB were successfully matched using 4 pmol/kg/min, 4 pmol/kg/min, and 0.4 pmol/kg/min, respectively. This dose led to a mean reduction of 32% in food intake. No significant effects on resting energy expenditure were observed. Conclusion: This is, to our knowledge, the first time that an acute continuous subcutaneous infusion of GOP, replicating the postprandial levels observed after RYGB, is shown to be safe and effective in reducing food intake. This data suggests that triple hormone therapy might be a useful tool against obesity.

scholarly journals ORLISTAT IN COMBINATION THERAPY OF OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

2017 ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Mkrtumyan ◽  
E. V. Biryukova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Over the past years, the focus has been growing on the prevention and treatment of obesity. Obesity has long been considered not just as excess body fat but as a chronic relapsing disease, the result of energy disbalance, which develops with an increase in food intake and reduced energy expenditure and is closely associated with a number of serious complications. Orlistat (Xenical), a peripherally acting drug without systemic effects [11, 24, 27], has been widely used in pharmacological treatment of obesity. Xenical is the most well-studied medication for weight loss. More than 30,000 patients with obesity were involved in clinical trials, of which over 2,500 patients had type 2 diabetes. Till today, the drug remains a breakthrough in the treatment of overweight/obesity.

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