Changes in the content and antioxidative activity of β‐carotene and its metabolite vitamin A during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption and optimization of HPLC‐based detection

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 25-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Guangwen Tang

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Provitamin A ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Plant Food ◽

Plant Foods ◽

A Value ◽

Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽

Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

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Vitamin A and E Homologues Impacting the Fate of Acrylamide in Equimolar Asparagine-Glucose Model System

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10070993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Su Lee Kuek ◽

Azmil Haizam Ahmad Tarmizi ◽

Raznim Arni Abd Razak ◽

Selamat Jinap ◽

Maimunah Sanny

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Regression Model ◽

Linear Regression Model ◽

Model System ◽

Concentration Increase ◽

Acrylamide Formation ◽

Β Carotene

This study aims to evaluate the influence of Vitamin A and E homologues toward acrylamide in equimolar asparagine-glucose model system. Vitamin A homologue as β-carotene (BC) and five Vitamin E homologues, i.e., α-tocopherol (AT), δ-tocopherol (DT), α-tocotrienol (ATT), γ-tocotrienol (GTT), and δ-tocotrienol (DTT), were tested at different concentrations (1 and 10 µmol) and subjected to heating at 160 °C for 20 min before acrylamide quantification. At lower concentrations (1 µmol; 431, 403, 411 ppm, respectively), AT, DT, and GTT significantly increase acrylamide. Except for DT, enhancing concentration to 10 µmol (5370, 4310, 4250, 3970, and 4110 ppm, respectively) caused significant acrylamide formation. From linear regression model, acrylamide concentration demonstrated significant depreciation over concentration increase in AT (Beta = −83.0, R2 = 0.652, p ≤ 0.05) and DT (Beta = −71.6, R2 = 0.930, p ≤ 0.05). This study indicates that different Vitamin A and E homologue concentrations could determine their functionality either as antioxidants or pro-oxidants.

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Effect of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Moderate Fat Diet on Vitamin A Status in Rats Fed either Vitamin A or β-Carotene

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/113.2.350 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 350-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Mary A. Grummer ◽

John W. Erdman

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Chronic Alcohol ◽

Chronic Alcohol Consumption ◽

Vitamin A Status ◽

Β Carotene

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Bioavailability of β-carotene (βC) from purple carrots is the same as typical orange carrots while high-βC carrots increase βC stores in Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20061562 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 258-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mandy Porter Dosti ◽

Jordan P. Mills ◽

Philipp W. Simon ◽

Sherry A. Tanumihardjo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Meriones Unguiculatus ◽

Mongolian Gerbils ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Β Carotene

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Biofortifying existing sources of β-carotene (βC) and increasing dietary βC could help combat the issue. Two studies were performed to investigate the relative βC bioavailability of a βC supplement to purple, high-βC orange, and typical orange carrots using Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). In study 1, which used a traditional bioavailability design, gerbils (n32) received a diet containing orange, purple, or white carrot powder, or white carrot powder +a βC supplement. In study 2, which included βC-biofortified carrots, gerbils (n 39) received orange, high-βC orange, purple, or white carrot powder in their diet. Both studies lasted 21 d and the gerbils were killed to determine the effect of carrot type or supplement on serum and liver βC, α-carotene, and VA concentrations. Liver stores of βC or VA in the gerbils did not differ between orange and purple carrot diets when equal amounts of βC from each of the diets were consumed (P>0·05). Both the orange and purple carrot diet resulted in higher liver VA compared with the supplement (P<0·05). High-βC carrots resulted in more than 2-fold higher βC and 1·1 times greater VA liver stores compared with typical orange carrots (P<0·05). These results suggest that high-βC carrots may be an alternative source of VA to typical carrots in areas of VA deficiency. Second, phenolics including anthocyanins and phenolic acids in purple carrot do not interfere with the bioavailability of βC from purple carrots.

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A study on the vitamin A activity of carotene in green fodder

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960001162x ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 95-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. C. Ray Sarkar ◽

K. C. Sen

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Relative Efficiency ◽

Chemical Method ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Carotene Content ◽

A Value ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Biological Tests ◽

Different Sources ◽

Β Carotene

1. With the object of determining the vitamin A value of carotene in different green fodders, an investigation has been undertaken to study (i) the relation between the chemically determined carotene and its biological activity as compared with that of standard carotene, (ii) the purity of apparent carotene from different sources, (iii) absorption of carotene in rats, and (iv) the relative efficiency of the standard carotene and preformed vitamin A.2. Biological tests have shown that the chemical method of assay is a fair index of the true carotene content in green fodders, and carotene in the form of an extract is quite as effective in the system as that present in the plant tissues. β-Carotene appears to be predominant in these materials.

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Decreased Cysteine and Glutathione Levels: Possible Determinants of Liver Toxicity Risk in Ghanaian Subjects

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/030006059402200306 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N-A Ankrah ◽

T Rikimaru ◽

F A Ekuban ◽

M M Addae

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Malonic Dialdehyde ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Liver Inflammation ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Group 2 ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Group 1

Cysteine, methionine, vitamin A, β-carotene and glutathione (GSH) are known to protect body tissues against oxidative damage and inflammation but their value as protection against liver inflammation in tropical areas has received little attention. Blood levels of these nutrients were measured in Ghanaian volunteers with (Group 2) or without (Group 1) increased lipid peroxidation and signs of liver inflammation, as indicated by blood malonic dialdehyde, serum α1-antitrypsin and triglyceride levels, and the α1-acid glycoprotein: pre-albumin ratio. Serum levels of cysteine and blood glutathione were significantly lower ( P < 0.02) in group 2 than in group 1 volunteers. In contrast, serum levels of methionine, vitamin A and β-carotene were similar in both groups. Deficits in cysteine and glutathione may increase the risk of liver toxicity from oxidants in Ghanaians.

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