Symptom profiles of natural and laboratory panic attacks

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R J Schruers ◽  
H van de Mortel ◽  
T Overbeek ◽  
E Griez
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Panic Symptoms

Background:Little accurate information is available about the symptomatology of real-life panic attacks and about how well they are reproduced by an experimental model such as the 35% CO2 challenge.Method:Real-life panic symptoms were assessed in a group of 67 panic disorder patients, using daily life monitoring. Panic symptoms elicited by a 35% CO2 challenge were assessed in 61 panic disorder patients, and their frequency was compared with the real-life symptoms.Results:The most frequent real-life symptoms were palpitations, dizziness and trembling. The 35% CO2 challenge reproduced well the majority of real-life symptoms.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the 35% CO2 challenge is a marker for spontaneous panic attacks, which are considered the core of panic disorder.

Fear of Autonomic Arousal and Use of Coping Strategies as Predictors of Agoraphobic Avoidance in Panic Disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rayment ◽  
Jeff Richards
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Negative Cognitions ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Panic Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Despite the very significant proportion of people with panic disorder who have accompanying agoraphobia, there is considerable controversy about the variables that influence the development of this avoidance behaviour. This study investigated whether degree of avoidance is a function of extent of fear and prevalence of negative cognitions about autonomic arousal symptoms and whether the use of, and confidence in, behavioural strategies to cope with panic sensations also influences agoraphobic avoidance. Thirty-nine people who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder completed questionnaires measuring fear and negative cognitions about autonomic arousal and panic sensations, and a questionnaire measuring their use of largely behavioural strategies to cope with panic attacks. Fear of autonomic arousal and negative cognitions in response to the occurrence of these arousal symptoms were jointly related to situational avoidance. There was little relationship between the use of, and confidence in, panic coping strategies and less agoraphobic avoidance, although simply allowing panic symptoms to develop and pass predicted less avoidance. The results were interpreted as providing an empirical basis for treatment that reduces fear of panic sensations and allows their experience to be tolerated while preventing escape and avoidance of situations in which panic occurs. There was little evidence that additional teaching of behavioural coping strategies would be useful in reducing agoraphobic avoidance.

scholarly journals Umanizzazione delle cure: curare con l'arte

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Francesco Burrai ◽  
Giovanni Salis
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Real

Art can be a way, together with Nature, to intercept that landscape and inner climate characterized by the rhythm of silence. That dimension of iridescent calm imbued with creative and vital energy, which pushes towards a universal, seductive, profound sphere. Man can, with courage, abandon himself in this harmony and melody of thoughts that suggest a vast and visionary possibility. Each person has the inner possibility to be Art, to get out of the continuous distortions of daily life, to produce a metamorphosis of one’s life. Art triggers the unconscious side of seeing, a rhythmic, dynamic principle, on which every gesture of maximum spontaneity depends, not touched by the artificial, by masks of fugacity and by false personalities. Without Art, it seems that part of real life is missing. The deep artistic power is fluid, without space or time, pulsating with new forms and substance and creating a new personal identity, contiguous to the real world, which inspires new desires. Many diseases of today and yesterday are produced by the lack of expressiveness or by the repression of personal creativity. Art produces well-being because it is the transformation of unconscious expressive energies, so life for our health.

On the Core, Bargaining Set and the Set of Competitive Allocations of Fuzzy Exchange Economy with a Continuum of Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1003-1021
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Moses Olabhele Esangbedo
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Exchange Economy ◽  
Initial Endowment ◽  
Bargaining Set ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fuzzy Core ◽  
Fuzzy Preference

In this paper, we present a new model closer to the real-life — called the fuzzy exchange economy with a continuum of agents (FXE-CA) — that combines fuzzy consumption and fuzzy initial endowment with the agent’s fuzzy preference in the fuzzy consumption set. To characterize the fuzzy competitive allocations of the FXE-CA, we define the indifference fuzzy core of a FXE-CA as the set of all fuzzy allocations that cannot be dominated by any coalition of agents. We also propose the Mas-Colell indifference fuzzy bargaining set, in which no coalition has a justified objection at a fuzzy allocation against any other coalition. Finally, we verify that the indifference fuzzy core and the indifference fuzzy bargaining set of a FXE-CA coincide with the set of all fuzzy competitive allocations under some conditions, respectively. This indicates that the agents unanimously distribute the fuzzy competitive allocations of a FXE-CA.

scholarly journals THE WORLD OF CHARECTERS IN VIETNAMESE MEDIEVAL CHUANQI GENRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Thi My Phuong Do
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Characters in Vietnamese medieval Chuanqi genre are rich and diverse, with a full range of components, class, caste, gender, habits, and dignity. Based on the reality-fantasy relationship, the world of chuanqi characters can be divided into two main groups: fantasy characters and earthly characters (people in the real life). They represent two realms: of unreality and of reality. Fantasy character is a surreal character with mystical capacity and strange traits. From the rational perspective, this type of character absolutely does not exist in real life. By contrast, earthly character are people who exist in daily life with ideals, ambitions, happiness and suffering. The presence of two types of characters clearly demonstrates the realistic portrait in the status of the unreal and real invasions, which deeply consists of their own imprints in the Chuanqi genre. From the world of characters in Vietnamese medieval Chuanqi genre, the evolution of this genre is also revealed.

The Indirect Effect of Anxiety Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Panic Symptoms and Panic Severity

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Talkovsky ◽  
Peter J. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Symptom Intensity ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Panic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

The cognitive model of panic (Clark, 1988) suggests that panic attacks result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations rather than the sensations themselves. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is fear of anxious bodily sensations (Reiss, 1991) and has implications in panic development, maintenance, and severity. Although previous work has demonstrated that AS amplifies symptoms in response to provocations, few have analyzed the role of AS in the relationship between panic symptoms and panic disorder severity. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if AS, a cognitive risk for panic, has an indirect effect on the association between self-reported panic symptoms and panic severity, both self-reported and clinician-assessed, among 67 treatment-seeking individuals with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Data were analyzed using the bootstrapped conditional process indirect effects model. Results indicated that the overall total mediational effect on Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) was significant with evidence of partial mediation. The direct effect of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) on PDSS remained significant although there was also a significant indirect effect of BAI via AS. Results showed a similar relationship when Clinician Severity Rating was the outcome. Moderation analyses were not significant. Therefore, AS was a significant partial mediator of the relationship between symptom intensity and panic severity, whether clinician-rated or self-reported. This investigation provides support for the importance of AS in panic, highlighting its importance but suggesting that it is not sufficient to explain panic disorder.

The Symptom Structure of Panic Attacks in Depressed and Anxious Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Cox ◽  
Gary Hasey ◽  
Richard P. Swinson ◽  
Klaus Kuch ◽  
Robert Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Panic Symptom

This study examined the panic symptom profiles of three diagnostic groups: those with panic disorder and no history of major depression; those with panic disorder with a history of major depressive episode but no current depression; and those current major depression with panic disorder. Patients were compared on the frequency of specific panic attack symptoms based on structured interview responses. The symptom profiles of all three groups were significantly correlated. The patients with past and current depressive episodes had the most similar symptom structure.

TO LIVE IN JOY AND DIE WITH HOPE: EXPERIENTIAL ASPECTS OF ANCIENT GREEK MYSTERY RITES

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
YULIA USTINOVA
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Real ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Core ◽  
Near Death Experiences

Abstract The paper focuses on embodied mystery experiences of initiates in ancient Greek mystery cults. Four main questions are addressed: what kind of experience was considered the core of Greek mystery initiations, how was this experience attained, in what way did it influence the life of the initiates, and what real-life experience could prompt the idea of mystery initiations. Mystery initiation may be defined as ersatz-death, a rehearsal of the real one. Modelled as it seems on near-death experiences, these rites comprised alterations of the initiate's state of consciousness. For trivial events to be remembered by the mystai as revelations, they were brought to a state of heightened sensitivity and perhaps also suggestibility. The knowledge of life and death thus acquired was a holistic and ineffable sensation, rather than a learnt doctrine: in Aristotle's words, the initiates were ‘not to learn anything, but rather to experience and to be inclined’.

Psychological Defenses in Patients with Comorbid Panic Disorder and Alcoholism

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
D. Tsygankov ◽  
E. Agasaryan ◽  
D. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
Panic Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Defenses

The aim of this study was to examine psychological differences between various groups of patients with comorbid panic disorder and alcoholism (n = 214). We investigated the use of defense mechanisms by life style index of R. Plutchik. Patients of first group (who experienced there first panic attack during withdrawal of alcohol and then has stopped use of alcohol) significantly higher used projection, displacement and repression. Patients, who have originally suffered from panic attacks which they tried to release with the alcohol (second group), significantly higher used projection. Patients who experienced panic attacks only during ingestion of alcohol (third group), significantly higher used denial and repression. Patients with panic attacks during clinical remission of alcohol addiction, who used alcohol to weaken the panic symptoms, which resulted in the heavy alcoholism recurrence (fourth group), significantly higher used repression, projection and denial. So, there were differences between groups on preferred defense mechanisms. the results of the study can help in understanding the pathogenesis of comorbid panic disorder and alcoholism.The study is supported by the President's grant ÌÊ-2670.

The Relative Contributions of Negative Cognitions and Self-efficacy to Severity of Panic Attacks in Panic Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Richards ◽  
Vanessa Richardson ◽  
Ciaran Pier
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Negative Cognitions ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Panic Symptoms

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the degree to which fearful and catastrophic cognitions, and self-efficacy for managing panic predicted various panic attack characteristics in panic disorder. The cognitive variables consisted of anxiety sensitivity, the frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions and measures of catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms. The panic parameters were number and severity of panic symptoms, distress associated with panic attacks, worry about future panics, duration of panic disorder, and life interference due to panic disorder. These variables were measured in 40 people with panic disorder, 31 of whom also had significant agoraphobia. The frequency of fearful agoraphobic cognitions was the strongest predictor of panic attack symptomatology, predicting number of symptoms, symptom severity and degree of anticipatory fear of panic. Catastrophic misinterpretation of symptoms and anxiety sensitivity did not independently predict any panic parameters. Only self-efficacy for managing the rapid build-up of panic symptoms was specifically related to panic severity. The results therefore suggest that cognitive behaviour therapy for panic symptoms in panic disorder should reduce fearful cognitions rather than focus on panic coping strategies. The results offer little support for the contribution of the expectancy or catastrophic misinterpretation theories to the maintenance of panic disorder.

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