Growth fold controls on carbonate distribution in mixed foreland basins: insights from the Amiran foreland basin (NW Zagros, Iran) and stratigraphic numerical modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Saura ◽  
Jean-Christophe Embry ◽  
Jaume Vergés ◽  
David W. Hunt ◽  
Emilio Casciello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Foreland Basins

scholarly journals Volcanism and Volcanogenic Submarine Sedimentation in the Paleogene Foreland Basins of the Alps: Reassessing the Source-to-Sink Systems with an Actualist View

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Capua ◽  
Federica Barilaro ◽  
Gianluca Groppelli
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
The North ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Alpine Foreland ◽  
Alpine Foreland Basin ◽  
Tectonic Lineament ◽  
First Time

This work critically reviews the Eocene–Oligocene source-to-sink systems accumulating volcanogenic sequences in the basins around the Alps. Through the years, these volcanogenic sequences have been correlated to the plutonic bodies along the Periadriatic Fault System, the main tectonic lineament running from West to East within the axis of the belt. Starting from the large amounts of data present in literature, for the first time we present an integrated 4D model on the evolution of the sediment pathways that once connected the magmatic sources to the basins. The magmatic systems started to develop during the Eocene in the Alps, supplying detritus to the Adriatic Foredeep. The progradation of volcanogenic sequences in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin is subsequent and probably was favoured by the migration of the magmatic systems to the North and to the West. At around 30 Ma, the Northern Apennine Foredeep also was fed by large volcanogenic inputs, but the palinspastic reconstruction of the Adriatic Foredeep, together with stratigraphic and petrographic data, allows us to safely exclude the Alps as volcanogenic sources. Beyond the regional case, this review underlines the importance of a solid stratigraphic approach in the reconstruction of the source-to-sink system evolution of any basin.

The interplay of Malm carbonate permeability, gravity-driven groundwater flow, and paleoclimate – implications for the geothermal field and potential in the Molasse Basin (Southern Germany), a foreland-basin play

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Vincent Schintgen ◽  
Inga Sigrun Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Molasse Basin ◽  
Carbonate Aquifer ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subsurface Temperatures

Abstract The Molasse Basin in Southern Germany is part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin and hosts the largest accumulation of deep geothermal production fields in Central Europe. Despite the vast development of geothermal energy utilization projects especially in the Munich metropolitan region, the evolution of and control factors on the natural geothermal field are still debated. Especially seismic and deep well data from extensive oil and gas exploration in the Molasse Basin led to conceptual hydrogeological and thermal-hydraulic models. Corrected borehole-temperature data helped to constrain subsurface temperatures by geostatistical interpolation and facilitated the set-up of 3D temperature models. However, within the geothermally used Upper Jurassic (Malm) carbonate aquifer, temperature anomalies such as the Wasserburg Trough anomaly to the east of Munich and their underlying physical processes are yet poorly understood. From other foreland basins like the Alberta Basin in Western Canada, it is known that climate during the last ice age has a considerable effect even on subsurface temperatures up to two kilometres depth. Therefore, we study the impact of paleoclimatic changes on the Molasse Basin during the last 130 ka including the Würm glaciation. We consider the hydraulic and thermal effects of periglacial conditions like permafrost formation and the impact of the numerous glacial advances onto the Molasse Basin. The major difference between the thermal-hydraulic regime in the western and eastern parts of the Southern German Molasse Basin are delineated by calculating two contrasting permeability scenarios of the heterogeneously karstified Malm carbonate aquifer. Thermal-hydraulic modelling reveals the effect of recurrent glacial periods on the geothermally drillable subsurface, which is minor compared to the effect of permeability-related, continuous gravity-driven groundwater flow as a major heat transport mechanism. Practically, the results might help to reduce the exploration risk for geothermal energy projects in the Molasse Basin. More importantly, this study serves as a reference for the comparison and understanding of the interplay of high permeability aquifers, gravity-driven groundwater flow and paleoclimate in other orogenic foreland basins worldwide.

scholarly journals Thermally-controlled color gradient for fossils and associated sediments: implications for paleoecology

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Gordon C. Baird ◽  
Timothy W. Lyons ◽  
Carlton E. Brett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Color Gradient ◽  
Appalachian Foreland

Regional study of Middle-Late Ordovician and Middle-Late Devonian carbonate and siliciclastic deposits in the northern Appalachian foreland basin reveals a prominent pattern of eastward-darkening of marine mudrocks and associated fossils. Exoskeletons of certain trilobite genera transform from a saddle brown coloration in southern Ontario exposures to black and near-black in central and eastern New York. Similar eastward darkening of mudstones and argillaceous carbonate units is observed to be covariant with conodont color alteration (C.A.I.) values across this same region. This pattern is coupled with other lines of evidence for eastward increases in heat-of-burial for strata across New York State, indicating that the darkening is linked to this control. Laboratory heating of thermally “cold”, light-colored samples shows that this process can be simulated under controlled conditions. The darkening of fossils and mudrocks probably occurs due to thermal maturation of organic matter within these materials.Darkening of certain fossiliferous mudrock facies from color values as high as N 7.5 at a C.A.I. of 1.0 to those of N 2.5 at C.A.I. of 3.5 has important implications for paleoecological interpretations. Where obvious fossil-rich beds are absent and field work cursory, it might be tempting to infer a shelf-to-basin transition in the uprank direction where none exists. Where skeletal packstone and grainstone beds are common in thermally mature deposits it is possible that intervening dark-colored shales may be erroneously interpreted as basinal, organicrich (black) shales and the grain-supported beds as turbidites, when, in fact, such beds are shallow-shelf tempestites. We believe that similar value gradients should be present wherever local or regional heat-flow anomalies or differential burial patterns are developed. Foreland basins bordering orogens should contain such gradients and workers must be alert to this illusory color effect when working on complex facies in such settings. It is probable that many paleoenvironmental judgments may have been colored by misinterpretations of this type.

REGIONAL SUBSURFACE MAPPING AND 3D FLEXURAL MODELING OF THE OBLIQUELY-CONVERGING PUTUMAYO FORELAND BASIN, SOUTHERN COLOMBIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-115
Author(s):  
Luis Pachón-Parra ◽  
Paul Mann ◽  
Nestor Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
South American ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Basement High ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
Flexural Modeling

The Putumayo foreland basin (PFB) is an underexplored, hydrocarbon-bearing basin located in southernmost Colombia. The PFB forms a 250-km long segment of the 7000-km-long corridor of Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic foreland basins produced by eastward thrusting of the Andean mountain chain over Precambrian rocks of the South American craton. We use ∼4000 km of 2D seismic data tied to 28 exploratory wells to describe the basin-wide structure and stratigraphy of an underexplored hydrocarbon basin. Based on seismic interpretation and comparison with published works from the southward continuation of the PFB into Peru and Ecuador, three main across-strike, structural zones include: 1) the 20-km-wide, Western structural zone closest to the Andean mountain front characterized by inversion of older, Jurassic half-grabens during the late Miocene; 2) the 45-km-wide, Central structural zone characterized by moderately-inverted Jurassic half-grabens; and 3) the 120-km-wide, Eastern structural zone characterized by the 40-km-wide, N-S trending Caquetá arch. The five mainly clastic tectonosequences of the PFB include: 1) Lower Cretaceous pre-foreland basin deposits; 2) Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene foreland basin deposits; 3) Eocene foreland basin deposits related to the early uplift of the Eastern Cordillera; 4) Oligocene-Miocene underfilled, foreland basin deposits; and 5) Plio-Pleistocene overfilled, foreland basin deposits. We used 3D flexural modeling to identify the elastic thickness (Te) of the lithosphere below the PFB, in order to model the location of the sedimentary-related and tectonically-related forebulges of Cretaceous to Oligocene age. Flexural analysis shows two pulses of rapid, foreland-related subsidence first during the Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene and later during the Oligocene-Miocene. Despite the present-day oblique thrusting of the mountain front, flexure of the PFB basement has produced a tectonic forebulge now located in the Eastern structural zone and controls a basement high that forms the eastern, updip limit for most hydrocarbons found in the PFB.

Stratigraphy and sediment signal transmission in a flexural foreland basin dynamically linked to an uplifting range

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Guerit ◽  
Delphine Rouby ◽  
Cécile Robin ◽  
François Guillocheau ◽  
Brendan Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Precipitation Rate ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Uplift Rate ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
Aquitaine Basin ◽  
Topographic Evolution

<p>Foreland basins that develop at the foot of collisional mountain belts accumulate sediments eroded from the ranges. They thus represent valuable archives of the evolution of orogenic systems through time. A few numerical models have investigated the infilling of foreland basins during the growth of an orogenic range and they provide conceptual frameworks for foreland stratigraphy. However, surface processes (erosion, sediment transport and deposition) are often quite basic in these models, and in the last decade, progress has been made in the description of surface processes and its implementation in numerical models. Recently, we developed a landscape evolution model able to describe the evolution of an eroding source coupled to a flexural sedimentary basin (Yuan et al, 2019, JGR; Guerit et al, 2019, Geology). This model takes into account erosion and deposition at the same time, and it thus allows a full dynamical coupling of the range and its foreland. We take advantage of this efficient numerical model to take another look at the stratigraphic evolution of a foreland basin and at the transmission of sediment signal from source to sink. <br>We use the model to simulate the evolution of a flexural retro-foreland basin coupled to an uplifting range and subjected to temporal variations in uplift and precipitation rates. Such variations affect the topography of the range: a lower uplift rate or an higher precipitation lead to a lower range. As a result, because the accommodation space available in the foreland is purely flexural, a decrease in uplift rate or an increase in precipitation rate will be marked by an erosional surface in the foreland basin. On the contrary, an increase in uplift rate or a decrease in precipitation rate will be preserved in the stratigraphy. Interestingly, although the two scenarios induce a different sediment signal from the sources, they are both recorded in the foreland basin as a transient increase in accumulation rate. Such a signal alone can therefore not be used to decipher the type of perturbation that affected the source.<br>Finally, we discuss the evolution of a natural range and coupled foreland basin, the Pyrenees and the Aquitaine Basin. We show that the spatial pattern of sediment deposition in the Aquitaine Basin is very consistent with the topographic evolution of the Pyrenees. However, this topographic evolution is not consistent with the climatic and tectonic reconstruction in the area since the Eocene, opening discussions among others about local vs regional effects. This work is part of the COLORS project, funded by Total.</p>

Accumulation Models of the Natural Gas in the Foreland Basins of China and their Physical Simulation Experiment

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2812-2815
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Evolution Phase ◽  
The Common

The paper chooses foreland basin as its research object. after summarizing the accumulation characteristics of the different phases and different parts of them, the common models of the whole foreland basin are given and the physical simulation experiments are carried out. It shows that the foreland basins experience three phases of evolution. Phase 1 is the period that the source rock and structure oil and gas traps form. Phase 2 is the period that multi-cycle reservoir and lithologic oil and gas pool form. phase 3 is the period that foreland uplift belt and fault anticline pool form. Then a foreland basins has three different belts including of thrust belt, foredeep and foreland slope belt, foreland uplift belt, and the belts have different accumulation models. With regard to the hydrocarbon accumulation period of the foreland basin, the thrust belt have precedence to other belt. foredeep and foreland slope belt forms the secondary pools. Foreland uplift belt accumulates hydrocarbon very quickly.

Spatial distribution of U-Pb ages across a basement uplift in the Northern Andes and its implications for the interpretation of the detrital record in adjacent basins.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose R. Sandoval ◽  
Nicolas Perez-Consuegra ◽  
Ricardo A. Gomez ◽  
Andres Mora ◽  
Mauricio Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Amazonian Craton

<p>Foreland basins represent a unique record of the evolution of mountain building processes in the adjacent hinterland. In the southern Colombian Andes and the adjacent foreland basin (i.e. Caguán-Putumayo Basin) no detrital U-Pb and heavy mineral studies have been conducted. This is due to the fact that the geochronological characterization of the basement rocks is poor, complicating the interpretation of source areas for provenance analysis.  Here we present a complete provenance study using U-Pb and Heavy mineral data. In order to gain a better understanding of the spatial distribution of the different potential basement sources we planned a characterization of the different basement provinces west of the Caguan-Putumayo basin. Here we present results from samples of active sediments (N=21), basements (N=16) and sedimentary rocks (N=4) older than Cretaceous. This characterization allowed the identification of eight (8) different domains with different age ranges. (1) The southern part of the Central Cordillera with populations of 150 - 250 m.y., (2) Southern part of the eastern flank of the Eastern Cordillera with ages around 150 - 180 m.y., (3) south of the Garzón Massif with age ranges between 1000 - 1150 m.y, (4) north of the Garzón Massif where rocks of 1500 m.y. dominate, (5) Paleozoic sedimentary rocks above the basement to the north of the Garzón Massif and the Serrania de la Macarena with a distinct population of 1300 m.y, (6). The basement of the Serrania de la Macarena with ages between 1650-1800 m, (7). The Serranía de Lindosa with ages around 500 m.y and (8). Amazonian Craton with ages between 1500 - 2000 m.y. Additionally, the relationship between Epidotes and Garnets displays a special behavior in each area. The provinces related to the Garzon Massif have a high amount of Garnets and low amount of Epidotes. On the other hand, the behavior of the areas away from the Garzon Massif is different. Based on the U-Pb detrital signal and the Epidote/Garnet relationship, we suggest that the stratigraphic intervals where we observe ages between 1000 and 1150 m.y. for the first time and high Garnet contents reflect uplift peaks of the Garzon Massif.</p>

scholarly journals Control of increased sedimentation on orogenic fold-and-thrust belt structure – insights into the evolution of the Western Alps

Solid Earth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Erdős ◽  
Ritske S. Huismans ◽  
Peter van der Beek
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Front Propagation ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
Thrust Front ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt

Abstract. We use two-dimensional thermomechanical models to investigate the potential role of rapid filling of foreland basins in the development of orogenic foreland fold-and-thrust belts. We focus on the extensively studied example of the Western European Alps, where a sudden increase in foreland sedimentation rate during the mid-Oligocene is well documented. Our model results indicate that such an increase in sedimentation rate will temporarily disrupt the formation of an otherwise regular, outward-propagating basement thrust-sheet sequence. The frontal basement thrust active at the time of a sudden increase in sedimentation rate remains active for a longer time and accommodates more shortening than the previous thrusts. As the propagation of deformation into the foreland fold-and-thrust belt is strongly connected to basement deformation, this transient phase appears as a period of slow migration of the distal edge of foreland deformation. The predicted pattern of foreland-basin and basement thrust-front propagation is strikingly similar to that observed in the North Alpine Foreland Basin and provides an explanation for the coeval mid-Oligocene filling of the Swiss Molasse Basin, due to increased sediment input from the Alpine orogen, and a marked decrease in thrust-front propagation rate. We also compare our results to predictions from critical-taper theory, and we conclude that they are broadly consistent even though critical-taper theory cannot be used to predict the timing and location of the formation of new basement thrusts when sedimentation is included. The evolution scenario explored here is common in orogenic foreland basins; hence, our results have broad implications for orogenic belts other than the Western Alps.

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