DELLA proteins: integrators of multiple plant growth regulatory inputs?

Gibberellins (GAs) play a major role in a variety of key plant development processes, especially in promoting seed germination, stem and root growth, and fruit development. DELLA proteins are the core elements in GA signal transduction pathway, which exist in the plant nucleus and belong to the GRAS protein family. DELLA proteins negatively regulate the GA signaling pathway and biosynthesis, inhibiting plant growth. DELLA proteins can also interact with F-box, PIFS, ROS, SCLl3 and other proteins to enhance plant response to various adverse environmental influences such as drought, low and high temperature, heavy metal stresses. In addition, DELLA proteins can also partially regulate plant growth and development through interacting plant hormones such as ABA (abscisic acid), CK (cytokinin), ET (ethylene), BR (brassinosteroid) and JA (jasmine). This review summarized the basic characteristics of DELLA proteins, the transduction of hormone and environmental signals, as well as the regulation of plant growth and developments. DELLA proteins have broad application prospects in modern agricultural production in the future, but the molecular mechanism of DELLA proteins regulating plant growth and development are still unclear, and needs further study.

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The blue light receptor CRY1 interacts with GID1 and DELLA proteins to repress gibberellin signaling and plant growth

Plant Communications ◽

10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100245 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100245

Author(s):

Baiqiang Yan ◽

Zongju Yang ◽

Guanhua He ◽

Yexing Jing ◽

Huixue Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Blue Light ◽

Della Proteins ◽

Blue Light Receptor ◽

Light Receptor ◽

Gibberellin Signaling

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Releasing the brakes of plant growth: how GAs shutdown DELLA proteins

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/ern301 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 1085-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 169

Author(s):

P. Achard ◽

P. Genschik

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Della Proteins

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An HB40 - Jungbrunnen1 - GA 2-OXIDASE regulatory module for gibberellin homeostasis in Arabidopsis

10.1101/2021.02.17.431590 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuchao Dong ◽

Danuse Tarkowska ◽

Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr ◽

Maryna Molochko ◽

Saurabh Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Della Proteins ◽

Regulatory Module ◽

Zip Family ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Homeobox Transcription Factor ◽

Delayed Flowering ◽

Ga Biosynthesis

AbstractThe phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) play fundamental roles in almost every aspect of plant growth and development. Although there is good knowledge about GA biosynthetic and signaling pathways, factors contributing to the mechanisms homeostatically controlling GA levels remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that homeobox transcription factor HB40 of the HD-Zip family in Arabidopsis thaliana regulates GA content at two additive control levels. We show that HB40 expression is induced by GA and in turn reduces the levels of endogenous bioactive GAs by a simultaneous reduction of GA biosynthesis and increased GA deactivation. Hence, HB40 overexpression leads to typical GA-deficiency traits, such as small rosettes, reduced plant height, delayed flowering, and male sterility. In contrast, a loss-of-function hb40 mutation enhances GA-controlled growth. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing combined with molecular-genetic analyses revealed that HB40 directly activates transcription of JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), a key TF repressing growth by suppressing GA biosynthesis and signaling. HB40 also represses genes encoding GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) which are major GA catabolic enzymes. The effect of HB40 is ultimately mediated through induction of nuclear growth-repressing DELLA proteins. Our results thus uncover an important role of the HB40/JUB1/GA2ox/DELLA network in controlling GA homeostasis during plant growth.

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GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES

Biotechnologia Acta ◽

10.15407/biotech14.02.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 5-18

Author(s):

I. V. Kosakivska ◽

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Della Proteins ◽

Plant Yields

Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.

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Nitrate signaling promotes plant growth by upregulating gibberellin biosynthesis and destabilization of DELLA proteins

Current Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.024 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lucie Camut ◽

Barbora Gallova ◽

Lucas Jilli ◽

Mathilde Sirlin-Josserand ◽

Esther Carrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽

Della Proteins ◽

Nitrate Signaling

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The role of universal regulators of plant growth and development the DELLA proteins in the control of symbiosis

Ecological genetics ◽

10.17816/ecogen17133-41 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Aleksandra V. Dolgikh ◽

Elena A. Dolgikh

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Target Genes ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Della Proteins ◽

Secondary Messengers ◽

External Signals

The regulators of the gibberellin response, the DELLA proteins, are universal participants of signaling pathways that coordinate the processes of plant growth and development. This regulation is provided by the integration of external effect, as well as internal signals, such as a level of phytohormones and secondary messengers. Since DELLA proteins are extremely sensitive to increasing or decreasing of the gibberellic acid (GA) endogenous level, their direct interaction with transcription factors modulates the activity of the latter, and, consequently, the level of expression of target genes in response to external signals causing changes in the level of GA. However, the molecular mechanisms of the effect of DELLA proteins on the development of symbiosis remain poorly understood. The review analyzes classical and modern data on the functioning of DELLA proteins in plants.

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Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0580061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul B. Larsen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽

Flower Senescence ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Step Process ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

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