scholarly journals REVIEW ARTICLE: An integrated view on how the management of the dry period length of lactating cows could affect mammary biology and defence

2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. e7-e30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pezeshki ◽  
A. V. Capuco ◽  
B. De Spiegeleer ◽  
L. Peelman ◽  
M. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Lactating Cows

scholarly journals Effects of dry period length on follicular dynamics in early lactating Holstein cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
A Soleimani ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
S Safa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Management Change ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

For profitable production of milk, a nonlactating or dry period is established between lactations of dairy cow. There has been substantial recent interest in shortening dry periods. Physiological studies show that the changes the udder goes through to prepare for the next lactation take about three weeks, and yet current advice is that the most appropriate dry period for a modern dairy cow is 45 to 60 days. More recent studies show good reason to question that advice, and suggest dry periods of 30 to 35 days have no detrimental effect on production, but information relating the effects of dry period to subsequent reproductive performance of lactating cows is sparse (Grummer, 2007). Also, the effect of this management change on follicular dynamic has not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry period length on follicular dynamics in early lactating Holstein cows.

scholarly journals Pengaruh lama kering kandang dan periode laktasi terhadap produksi dan kualitas susu awal laktasi pada sapi perah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Dian Wahyu Harjanti ◽  
Zahra Madhini Krismony ◽  
Rudy Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Quality Of Milk

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the relationship between length of dry - and lactation period on milk production of early lactation, as well as milk fat, lactose, protein and specific gravity.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 dry period Friesian Holstein cows at the 7th month of pregnancy were used. The dry period length were divided into 4 groups and consists of 3 periods of lactation. Parameters determined were milk production and quality in the first month of lactation. Data were tested using the Kruskal Wallis for the effect of dry period length and lactation period on milk production and quality. Wilcoxon analysis for continued trials of significant results.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The results showed that 40-79 days dry period length had no significant effect on milk production (P= 0.854), milk specific gravity (P= 0.922), milk fat (P= 0.339), milk protein (P= 0.392) and milk lactose (P= 0.635). Lactation period has a significant effect on milk production (P= 0.001), milk fat (P= 0.011), milk protein (P= 0.028), milk lactose (P= 0.004), but has no significant effect on milk density (P= 0.683). The highest milk production was produced in the VI period with milk production at 675.17 liters/ month (P= 0.001).<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dry period of 40 to 79 days gives similar milk production and quality. The lactation period affects the amount and quality of milk at early lactation. Lactating cows reared in good management are able to produce milk with good quality and high production until the-VI of lactation period.

Effects of dry period length on milk yield and content and metabolic status of high-producing dairy cows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boustan ◽  
V. Vahedi ◽  
M. Abdi Farab ◽  
H. Karami ◽  
R. Seyedsharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Meeting the physiological requirements for energy and nutrients to manifest the genetic potential of dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
S V Moshkina ◽  
A S Kharitonova ◽  
S N Khimicheva ◽  
T Yu Kolganova ◽  
T V Smagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Research Period

Abstract The paper presents the results of the scientific and economic experiment for the evaluation of the influence of the energy supplement included in the diet of lactating cows of the Brown Swiss breed. During the research period, all animals were kept in the same conditions, corresponding to zootechnical standards. They were divided into two groups differentiated only by the feed ration. The cows of the first (control) group were given rations typical for the farm corresponding to the feeding norms of dry and lactating cows. For the cows of the second group in the dry period (14 days before calving) the feeding ration was changed with a change in structure towards an increase in the proportion of concentrated feed, and immediately after calving, they received an energy feed supplement to maintain the physiological status of dairy cows after calving. Only clinically healthy animals participated in the experiment. It was revealed that the inclusion of the energy feed supplement in the diet of lactating cows in the experimental groups during lactation led to an increase in the productivity of livestock as compared with those in the control group.

Associations between dry period length and time to culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pattamanont ◽  
K.N. Galvão ◽  
M.I. Marcondes ◽  
J.S. Clay ◽  
A. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Effects of Dry Period Length on Milk Yield and Mammary Epithelial Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. E66-E76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Annen ◽  
R.J. Collier ◽  
M.A. McGuire ◽  
J.L. Vicini
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Interaction of Temperature and Moisture on Infection of Wild Rice by Bipolaris oryzae in the Growth Chamber

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Percich ◽  
R. F. Nyvall ◽  
D. K. Malvick ◽  
C. L. Kohls
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Zizania Palustris

Infection of wild rice (Zizania palustris) flag leaves by Bipolaris oryzae was studied at temperatures of 5 to 35°C and wet periods of 2 to 36 h after inoculation. Lesion densities (lesions/cm2) increased with increasing wet periods depending on optimum temperature. High rates of infection occurred at 25 and 30°C and generally increased with continuous wet periods of 16, 18, 24, and 28 h. There were no lesions at 5°C and few at 10 and 35°C. Lesion densities declined when wet periods of 2, 4, or 6 h were interrupted by dry periods of 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 h followed by a final 14 h of wetness. Lesion densities decreased at all temperatures with increased dry periods regardless of the initial wet period. The interaction of dry period length × wet period length × temperature was significant at the 0.5% level. With continuous wet periods, lesion numbers were highest at 25 to 30°C.

scholarly journals PSXIV-5 Results of external use of staphylococcal toxoid for the prevention of mastitis in cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Dariya Kashtanova ◽  
Valerii G Skopichev ◽  
Flura Alistratova ◽  
Polina A Polistovskaia ◽  
Nataliya A Panova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
North West ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Mastitis in cows in the farms of the Russian Federation cause great economic damage. Economic losses include the cost of treating cows and the cost of recycled milk. In the farms of the North-West region of the Russian Federation mastitis occurs in 20–30% of lactating cows. An important task is to find effective ways to prevent mastitis. The task of our research included the study of the effectiveness of external use of staphylococcal toxoid. For the experiment, 2 experimental groups of dry cows of 10 animals each were formed. For the first group of cows, 5 days before the expected date of calving, an ointment containing staphylococcal toxoid and dimethyl sulfoxide was applied to the area of the milk mirror. Udder treatment was performed once a day for five days. Cows of the second group were immunized with Starvac® vaccine in accordance with the instructions, twice during the dry period. The third group of cows (n = 20) was the control. After calving, the concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was examined in all cows. In cows of the first group, the concentration of immunoglobulins G, M and A in colostrum was 8.59 ± 0.9; 1.1 ± 0.13 and 5.42 ± 0.9 g / l, respectively. The concentration of immunoglobulins in cows of the first group was higher, on average, by 1.3–2.0 times in comparison with cows that were given the Starvac vaccine. In comparison with the control group, the growth of all classes of immunoglobulins was determined by 2.2 - 5.2 times (P &lt; 0.01). The results obtained showed high efficacy of external use of staphylococcal toxoid together with dimethisulfoxide.

Changes in Milk Proteome and Metabolome Associated with Dry Period Length, Energy Balance, and Lactation Stage in Postparturient Dairy Cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3288-3296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Elsa Antunes Fernandes ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Páez Cano ◽  
Jantipa Vinitwatanakhun ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Lactation Stage

Influence of dry period length on reproductive performance and productivity of Lacaune dairy sheep under an intensive management system

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Hernandez ◽  
Laura Elvira ◽  
Juan-Vicente Gonzalez-Martin ◽  
Susana Astiz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Intensive management is almost the only way to ensure dairy farm profitability. The dry period length (DPL) is a key factor in the productivity and health of dairy cows, but whether the same is true of dairy sheep is unclear. This study investigated the effects of DPL on the performance of Lacaune sheep under intensive management. We recorded 8136 lactations from 4220 ewes on one farm for the period 2005–2010, and data from a total of 6762 complete lactations 1–4 were included in the study. The length of the dry period following the current lactation was studied. The larger the total milk yield (MY) and daily milk yield (DMY), the shorter was the DPL before the next lactation. DPL correlated with MY (r=−0·384), DMY (r=−0·277) and the lambing-to-conception interval (LC; r=0·201, P<0·0001) in the global analysis of all lactations (lactations 1–4). The influence of previous-DPL (P-DPL), or the length of the period prior to the start of the next lactation, was studied for 4318 lactations. P-DPL was classified into five intervals: very short (P-DPL-XS), 1–30 d; short (P-DPL-S), 31–60 d; medium (P-DPL-M), 61–90 d; long (P-DPL-L), 91–120 d; and very long (P-DPL-XL), >120 d. P-DPL positively correlated with lambing-to-next conception interval (LNC; r=0·095, P<0·0001) for lactations 1–4. LNC was significantly shorter for P-DPLs that were very short, short, or long (P-PDL-XS, 144·2±67·8 d; P-PDL-S, 149·1±57·2 d; P-PDL-L, 152·0±53·7 d) than for groups with very long or medium P-PDLs (P-DPL-XL, 161·5±62·9 d; P-DPL-M, 169·0±74·8 d; P<0·0001). Moreover, P-DPLs that were very short, long, or very long were associated with the lowest milk yields (P-PDL-XS, 377±215 l; P-PDL-l, 370±168 l; P-PDL-XL, 396±196 l). These yields were significantly lower than the yields for short and medium P-DPLs (P-DPL-S, 432±187 l; P-DPL-M, 436±191 l; P<0·0001) when averages of lactations 1–4 were analysed. These results indicate that lactations with larger MY are followed by a shorter dry period, and that a dry period of 30–90 d leads to larger yields in the next lactation. The best LNC was associated with the shortest Previous-DPL. Hence, 30–60 d should be the optimal dry period length for Lacaune sheep under intensive conditions.

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