Militancy and Black Women's Competitive Behavior in Competitive versus Noncompetitive Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Durham Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
White Male ◽  
White Female ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Noncompetitive Condition

Fifty high militant and 50 low militant black women were assigned to one of five experimental conditions: noncompetitive, competition with black male confederates, competition with black female confederates, competition with white male confederates or competition with white female confederates. Subjects in competitive conditions worked for longer periods of time, produced more words from an anagram, and felt more self-confident than subjects in the noncompetitive condition. Subjects worked for longer periods of time with male confederates than with female confederates. High militants, in comparison to low militants, produced significantly more words on the anagram task, indicated a great number of pride, anger, and/or revenge responses and endorsed more masculinity items relative to femininity items on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory as being self-descriptive. Contrary to prediction, high militant black women competing with black men showed little evidence of fear of success.

Fear of Success, Sex-Role Orientation, and Performance in Differing Experimental Conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varda Konstam ◽  
Harry B. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
White Female ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Word Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

The study was undertaken to explore the theoretical differences between Pappo and Horner, in regard to the significance of the variables of sex-role orientation of the individual and sex-role orientation of the task, in predicting performance of females high in fear of success. Subjects were 227 white female high school sophomores and juniors. It was hypochesized that with feedback of success on a task which was deemed sex-role inappropriate, individuals high in fear of success, who demonstrate a traditional sex-role orientation, would manifest smaller increments or larger decrements in performance between Scrambled Word Tasks II and I. Feedback of success-nonsuccess, sex-role orientation, and fear of success were not effective in predicting differences in performance on the Scrambled Word Task. The defensive patterns postulated by Pappo to be characteristic of the high fear of success individual were upheld.

Impoliteness in hip-hop music

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Delis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
White Male ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the functionality of impoliteness strategies as rhetorical devices employed by acclaimed African American and White hip-hop artists. It focuses on the social and artistic function of the key discursive element of hip-hop, namely aggressive language. The data for this paper comprise songs of US African American and White performers retrieved from the November 2017 ‘TOP100 Chart’ for international releases on Spotify.com. A cursory look at the sub-corpora (Black male/ Black female/ White male/ White female artists’ sub-corpus) revealed the prominence of the ‘use taboo words’ impoliteness strategy. The analysis of impoliteness instantiations by considering race and gender as determining factors in the lyrics selection process unveiled that both male groups use impoliteness strategies more frequently than female groups. It is also suggested that Black male and White female singers employ impoliteness to resist oppression, offer a counter-narrative about their own experience and self (re)presentation and reinforce in group solidarity.

“He Is Psychotic and Always Will Be”

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-189
Author(s):  
Martin Summers
Keyword(s):  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Female ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Somatic Therapies

This chapter continues an examination of the superintendency of William Alanson White but offers a more granular discussion of how ideas about racial difference shaped the clinical encounter in the era of dynamic psychiatry. Specifically, it looks at how Saint Elizabeths’ staff applied particular somatic “therapies”—including seclusion, restraint, and hydrotherapy—to black female, white female, black male, and white male patients. It also argues that the clinical staff’s limited psychotherapeutic engagement with African American patients was further undermined by two things. One was the psychiatrists’ assumptions about the inaccessibility of the black psyche—either because of the absolute cultural foreignness or natural duplicity of African Americans. The other was their tendency to prioritize black patients’ rehabilitation as laborers. Finally, the chapter looks at the quotidian ways that patients exerted their agency in the clinical encounter by resisting medical surveillance and institutional management.

Sex Differences in Female Teachers' Approval and Disapproval Behaviors as Related to Their Self-Definition of Sex-Role Type

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
White Female ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
White Female Teachers

44 white female teachers were observed by two observers for six separate 20-min. periods for a total of 88 hr. The frequencies of approval and disapproval behaviors toward boys and girls were obtained. After observation, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was administered to the teachers, and four groups of 11 teachers each were classified by a median split-procedure as androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated. As predicted, masculine teachers were more approving of boys' behavior, feminine teachers were more approving of girls' behavior and less approving of boys' behavior. In total observations, types of teacher did not differ, but when approval or disapproval was considered, there were significant differences according to pupils' sex and type of observation. Teachers' self-definition of sex-role type is likely to influence significantly their behavior toward middle-school boys and girls.

scholarly journals Little race or gender bias in an experiment of initial review of NIH R01 grant proposals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Forscher ◽  
William Taylor Laimaka Cox ◽  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Patricia G. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
And Gender

Many granting agencies allow reviewers to know the identity of a proposal’s Principal Investigator (PI), which opens the possibility that reviewers discriminate on the basis of PI race and gender. We investigated this experimentally with 48 NIH R01 grant proposals, representing a broad spectrum of NIH-funded science. We modified PI names to create separate White male, White female, Black male, and Black female versions of each proposal, and 412 scientists each submitted initial reviews for three proposals. We find little to no race or gender bias in initial R01 evaluations, and additionally find that any bias that might have been present must be negligible in size. This conclusion was robust to a wide array of statistical model specifications. Pragmatically important bias may be present in other aspects of the granting process, but our evidence suggests that it is not present in the initial round of R01 reviews.

Factorial Validity of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
White Female ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
White Female Teachers

A factor analysis of responses from 44 white female teachers to the 40-item Bern Sex-role Inventory yielded two factors, Masculinity and Femininity accounting for 20.7 and 16.2%, respectively, of the common variance. Of the 40 items 28 performed as hypothesized, suggesting sound construct validity for the total scales. 12 adjectives and phrases (gullible, flatterable, athletic, and ambitious, among others) were not perceived as associated with masculine or feminine roles, suggesting that perceptions of traditional sex roles are changing.

Imitation of Self-Reward Standards by Black and White Female Delinquents

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Thelen ◽  
Jerry L. Fryrear
Keyword(s):  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Black Female ◽  
The Self ◽  
White Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Female Delinquents ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Race Comparison

40 black and 40 white female delinquents observed a black or a white male model who employed liberal or stringent standards of self-reward. Even when given explicit normative information, Ss imitated the self-reward standards of the model. There were no differences in imitation as a function of S's race or model's race. Comparison with a comparable recent study showed that the black male delinquents imitated the white liberal male model more than the black female delinquents.

scholarly journals The Fear of Success as a Function of Femininity among Female Managers in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minchekar Vikas S
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Development Corporation ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Industrial Development Corporation

The present research aimed at to predict the fear of success on the basis of femininity, masculinity, and androgyny. The fifty female managers were recruited in the study from Five Star category Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation, Kagal city of Maharashtra province. It was hypothesized that the fear of success would be significantly predicted through femininity, masculinity, and androgyny. To examine this hypotheses the fear of success scale (FOSS) by Dr. Vikas Minchekar and Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to the managers. The obtained data was analyzed by PPMC and stepwise regression analysis. The results reveal that the femininity and masculinity are strong predictors of fear of success of female managers.

The link between stereotypical leader traits and perceived electability: Do Black women politicians face double jeopardy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Elizabeth Mosier ◽  
Evava Pietri
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Male ◽  
White Men ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
White Female ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
Leader Traits ◽  
Voting Intentions

This paper examined whether Black women political candidates face double jeopardy in voter perceptions of electability due to Black women being perceived as having fewer traditional leader traits compared to White male, White female, and Black male candidates. Due to increasing political polarization in the U.S., concerns over electability are at the forefront of many voters’ minds when casting their ballots. Traditional conceptions of electability are built upon racialized and gendered notions of what traits connote an effective leader; thus, women and racial minority candidates are often perceived as less electable compared to White men. However, research has not adequately examined the intersectional aspect of electability bias. The current study proposed a double jeopardy effect: we expected that participants (n = 454) would perceive Black women, compared to White men, White women, and Black men, as lower in competence and leadership ability, which would lead to lower electability perceptions and voting intentions. Unexpectedly, there were mixed findings for the effects of race/gender on competence and leadership ability, and we did not find any evidence that candidate race/gender related to electability or voting intentions. We discuss potential explanations for these null findings and suggest avenues for future research.

Impact of Maternal Employment on Daughters' Sex-Role Orientation and Fear of Success

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faith D. Gilroy ◽  
Teresa M. Talierco ◽  
Roberta Steinbacher
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Employed Mothers

Maternal employment was related to scores on the Bem Sex-role Inventory as well as to fear of success in a sample of 90 high school females. Data indicated that the daughters of working mothers were significantly more androgynous and demonstrated less fear of success than did the daughters of non-working mothers. Results are discussed in terms of the modeling of a broad spectrum of sex-role behaviors by the employed mothers that are positively reflected in the daughters' self-concept.

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