“He Is Psychotic and Always Will Be”

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-189
Author(s):  
Martin Summers
Keyword(s):  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Female ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Somatic Therapies

This chapter continues an examination of the superintendency of William Alanson White but offers a more granular discussion of how ideas about racial difference shaped the clinical encounter in the era of dynamic psychiatry. Specifically, it looks at how Saint Elizabeths’ staff applied particular somatic “therapies”—including seclusion, restraint, and hydrotherapy—to black female, white female, black male, and white male patients. It also argues that the clinical staff’s limited psychotherapeutic engagement with African American patients was further undermined by two things. One was the psychiatrists’ assumptions about the inaccessibility of the black psyche—either because of the absolute cultural foreignness or natural duplicity of African Americans. The other was their tendency to prioritize black patients’ rehabilitation as laborers. Finally, the chapter looks at the quotidian ways that patients exerted their agency in the clinical encounter by resisting medical surveillance and institutional management.

Impoliteness in hip-hop music

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Delis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
White Male ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the functionality of impoliteness strategies as rhetorical devices employed by acclaimed African American and White hip-hop artists. It focuses on the social and artistic function of the key discursive element of hip-hop, namely aggressive language. The data for this paper comprise songs of US African American and White performers retrieved from the November 2017 ‘TOP100 Chart’ for international releases on Spotify.com. A cursory look at the sub-corpora (Black male/ Black female/ White male/ White female artists’ sub-corpus) revealed the prominence of the ‘use taboo words’ impoliteness strategy. The analysis of impoliteness instantiations by considering race and gender as determining factors in the lyrics selection process unveiled that both male groups use impoliteness strategies more frequently than female groups. It is also suggested that Black male and White female singers employ impoliteness to resist oppression, offer a counter-narrative about their own experience and self (re)presentation and reinforce in group solidarity.

Mean Ages of Homicide Victims and Victims of Homicide–Suicide

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Bridges ◽  
William B. Tankersley
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mean

Using Riedel and Zahn's 1994 reformatted version of an FBI database, the mean age of homicide victims in 2,175 homicide–suicides (4,350 deaths) was compared with that of all other victims of homicides reported for the USA from 1968 to 1975. The overall mean age of homicide victims in homicide–suicides was 1 yr. greater than for victims of homicides not followed by suicides, whereas the mean age for both male and female homicide–suicide victims was, respectively, 3 yr. less and greater than the other homicide victims. The mean age of Black homicide victims of homicide–suicides was 2.4 yr. less than that for Black victims of other homicides, whereas the means for Black and White male homicide victims in homicide–suicides were, respectively, about 4 and 5 yr. less than for victims of other homicides. Also, the mean age of White female homicide victims in homicide–suicides was more than two years greater than for female victims of homicides not followed by suicides. When both sex and race were considered, the mean age for those killed in homicide–suicides relative to those killed in homicides not followed by suicides may represent subpopulations with different mean ages of victims.

scholarly journals Little race or gender bias in an experiment of initial review of NIH R01 grant proposals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Forscher ◽  
William Taylor Laimaka Cox ◽  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Patricia G. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
White Female ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Grant Proposals ◽  
And Gender

Many granting agencies allow reviewers to know the identity of a proposal’s Principal Investigator (PI), which opens the possibility that reviewers discriminate on the basis of PI race and gender. We investigated this experimentally with 48 NIH R01 grant proposals, representing a broad spectrum of NIH-funded science. We modified PI names to create separate White male, White female, Black male, and Black female versions of each proposal, and 412 scientists each submitted initial reviews for three proposals. We find little to no race or gender bias in initial R01 evaluations, and additionally find that any bias that might have been present must be negligible in size. This conclusion was robust to a wide array of statistical model specifications. Pragmatically important bias may be present in other aspects of the granting process, but our evidence suggests that it is not present in the initial round of R01 reviews.

Imitation of Self-Reward Standards by Black and White Female Delinquents

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Thelen ◽  
Jerry L. Fryrear
Keyword(s):  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Black Female ◽  
The Self ◽  
White Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Female Delinquents ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Race Comparison

40 black and 40 white female delinquents observed a black or a white male model who employed liberal or stringent standards of self-reward. Even when given explicit normative information, Ss imitated the self-reward standards of the model. There were no differences in imitation as a function of S's race or model's race. Comparison with a comparable recent study showed that the black male delinquents imitated the white liberal male model more than the black female delinquents.

Care and the Color Line

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-124
Author(s):  
Martin Summers
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Reconstruction Era ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
Clinical Relationship ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Line P

This chapter examines how the medical consensus about black mental illness in the post-Reconstruction era contributed to the unequal treatment of African American patients at Saint Elizabeths and, in turn, how black patients and their communities sought to manage their therapeutic experience. The tendency to construct black madness as particularly violent and depraved—evident in the profession’s conflation of African American insanity with mania—led to Saint Elizabeths housing black male patients, regardless of their diagnosis and civil status, with insane convicts and the criminally insane. Both African American male and female patients were sequestered in overcrowded, substandard wards. They were also subjected to menial forms of labor, especially laundering and cooking, that masqueraded as therapy. Yet patients and their families made their own interventions in the clinical relationship and attempted to shape the treatment that they and their loved ones received.

Racial minorities’ attitudes toward interracial couples: An intersection of race and gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 136843021989948
Author(s):  
Roxie Chuang ◽  
Clara Wilkins ◽  
Mingxuan Tan ◽  
Caroline Mead
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Male ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
White Female ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Four studies examined racial minorities’ attitudes toward interracial couples. Overall, Asian and Black Americans indicated lower warmth towards interracial than same-race couples. We hypothesized that perceived competition for same-race partners would predict attitudes toward particular pairings. Consistent with predictions, attitudes towards interracial couples varied based on the societal prevalence of particular types of couples. Black American women (but not men) indicated more negative attitudes toward the more common Black male–White female pairing than toward White male–Black female couples. Asian American men (but not women) reported more negative attitudes toward White male–Asian female couples than toward Asian male–White female couples. Furthermore, perceived competition with White men predicted Asian American men’s attitudes toward White male–Asian female couples. Perceived competition with White women drove Black women’s attitudes toward Black male–White female couples. This research highlights the importance of adopting an intersectional approach (examining both race and gender) to understand attitudes toward interracial couples.

Abstract 18836: Differences in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Data and Prognosis in Black and White Men with Heart Failure: the Henry Ford HospITal CardioPulmonary EXercise Testing (FIT-CPX) Project

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Saval ◽  
Clinton A Brawner ◽  
Ali Shafiq ◽  
Heather E Aldred ◽  
Raakesh Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Introduction: Numerous metrics from the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) are associated with outcomes among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Among patients with HFrEF, mortality rates differ by race; however, the influence of race on the association between common measures obtained during CPX and mortality has not been fully described. Purpose: Retrospective analysis to describe the relationship between key CPX measures and the composite endpoint of mortality, left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or cardiac transplant (CT) in white and black men with HFrEF. Methods: Self-identified white and black male patients (n= 761; age= 55 ± 12 y; BMI= 30.6±6.6) with a CPX between 1997 and 2010 and confirmed HFrEF (ejection fraction [EF] ≤ 40%) were identified. Endpoint data was obtained through 2011. The association with the composite endpoint was evaluated separately for 7 key CPX measures with adjustment for age, hypertension, beta-blocker therapy, EF, and ischemic etiology using Cox regression stratified by race. Results: During a median follow-up of 3.5 y there were 195 (54%) and 193 (48%) events for white and black patients, respectively. All CPX variables were associated (p<0.05) with the composite endpoint in both white and black patients (Table). The greatest Wald statistic among white patients was % predicted peak oxygen uptake (ppVO 2 ) at 76.2, and among black patients it was ventilatory efficiency (V E -VCO 2 slope) at 90.8. Conclusion: Among white and black male patients, % predicted peak VO 2 and V E -VCO 2 slope, respectively, were most strongly associated with the combined end point of mortality, LVAD or CT. These data suggest that risk stratification using CPX variables may differ by race. Further research is needed to determine if race-specific methods of CPX-based risk stratification are needed.

Militancy and Black Women's Competitive Behavior in Competitive versus Noncompetitive Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Durham Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
White Male ◽  
White Female ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Noncompetitive Condition

Fifty high militant and 50 low militant black women were assigned to one of five experimental conditions: noncompetitive, competition with black male confederates, competition with black female confederates, competition with white male confederates or competition with white female confederates. Subjects in competitive conditions worked for longer periods of time, produced more words from an anagram, and felt more self-confident than subjects in the noncompetitive condition. Subjects worked for longer periods of time with male confederates than with female confederates. High militants, in comparison to low militants, produced significantly more words on the anagram task, indicated a great number of pride, anger, and/or revenge responses and endorsed more masculinity items relative to femininity items on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory as being self-descriptive. Contrary to prediction, high militant black women competing with black men showed little evidence of fear of success.

The Black Female Adolescent: A Review of the Educational, Career and Psychological Literature

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
White Female ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Black Female Adolescents ◽  
Educational Career

This article presents a basic overview of the literature on the educational, career, and psychological development of black female adolescents. Adolescence is defined primarily in terms of individuals' attempts to deal effectively with life developmental tasks. As such, adolescence is viewed as that broad period covering the ages of 12 to 21. Emphasis is placed, however, on the early and mid-stages of adolescent development. Comparisons and contrasts are made regarding the development of black female, black male, white male, and white female adolescents.

Empire after Liberalism: The Transatlantic Right and Identitarian War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER VIALS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
American Studies ◽  
White Male ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Novel ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The One

American studies has developed excellent critiques of post-1945 imperial modes that are grounded in human rights and Enlightenment liberalism. But to fully gauge US violence in the twenty-first century, we also need to more closely consider antiliberal cultural logics. This essay traces an emergent mode of white nationalist militarism that it calls Identitarian war. It consists, on the one hand, of a formal ideology informed by Identitarian ethno-pluralism and Carl Schmitt, and, on the other, an openly violent white male “structure of feeling” embodied by the film and graphic novel 300, a key source text for the transatlantic far right.

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