The Consolidation of the Latin American City and the Undermining of Social Cohesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Second Period

The paper examines possible sources of urban disorder and their impact on social disorganization in two times periods in Latin America. The first period is that of the region's rapid urbanization (c. 1950–1980) and the second is the current period of low rates of urbanization and slow urban growth, particularly true of the largest cities. Unlike in the US, Latin American urbanization in the first period produced social disorganization that in turn gave rise to social organization and local cohesion. The paper focuses on the intervening factors that mediate the link between poverty/inequality and social cohesion. These include the pattern of settlement of the city through different types of migration, the pattern of residential segregation in the city, and the nature of poverty. Social cohesion is defined in terms of the nature of social relationships and in terms of feelings of trust and identity with others at both neighborhood and city level. The spatial, demographic, and economic sources of disorder are hypothesized to have a positive impact on social cohesion in the first period relative to the second period when the impact is more negative.

scholarly journals Social Evaluation of Public Open Space Services and Their Impact on Well-Being: A Micro-Scale Assessment from a Coastal University

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4372
Author(s):  
Abdullah Addas ◽  
Ahmad Maghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Public open spaces services have been shown to be profoundly affected by rapid urbanization and environmental changes, and in turn, they have influenced socio-cultural relationships and human well-being. However, the impact of these changes on public open space services (POSS) remains unexplored, particularly in the Saudi Arabian context. This study examines the socio-cultural influence of POSS on the King Abdulaziz University campus, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and the impact of these services on well-being. A field survey and questionnaire were used to collect data. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests) were used to find significant differences in the importance of POSS as perceived by stakeholders based on socio-demographic attributes. Factor analysis was performed for 14 POSS to identify those that are most important. The study showed that (i) university stakeholders are closely linked to services provided by public open spaces (POS) and dependent on POSS, (ii) there were significant differences in the perceived importance of POSS according to gender, age, and social groups, and (iii) 70 to 90% of stakeholders reported POSS as having a positive impact on well-being. Thus, the findings will help design and plan POSS to meet the needs of society and promote well-being.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Daytime Land Surface Temperature and Their Underlying Drivers over Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xuelei Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Cai ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Xiaorong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Rapid urbanization greatly alters land surface vegetation cover and heat distribution, leading to the development of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and seriously affecting the healthy development of cities and the comfort of living. As an indicator of urban health and livability, monitoring the distribution of land surface temperature (LST) and discovering its main impacting factors are receiving increasing attention in the effort to develop cities more sustainably. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of LST of the city of Wuhan, China, from 2013 to 2019. We detected hot and cold poles in four seasons through clustering and outlier analysis (based on Anselin local Moran’s I) of LST. Furthermore, we introduced the geographical detector model to quantify the impact of six physical and socio-economic factors, including the digital elevation model (DEM), index-based built-up index (IBI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), population, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the LST distribution of Wuhan. Finally, to identify the influence of land cover on temperature, the LST of croplands, woodlands, grasslands, and built-up areas was analyzed. The results showed that low temperatures are mainly distributed over water and woodland areas, followed by grasslands; high temperatures are mainly concentrated over built-up areas. The maximum temperature difference between land covers occurs in spring and summer, while this difference can be ignored in winter. MNDWI, IBI, and NDVI are the key driving factors of the thermal values change in Wuhan, especially of their interaction. We found that the temperature of water area and urban green space (woodlands and grasslands) tends to be 5.4 °C and 2.6 °C lower than that of built-up areas. Our research results can contribute to the urban planning and urban greening of Wuhan and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the city.

The nexus between financial development and energy consumption: Estimating the role of foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110453
Author(s):  
Jaleel Ahmed ◽  
Shuja ur Rehman ◽  
Zaid Zuhaira ◽  
Shoaib Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of financial development on energy consumption for a wide array of countries. The estimators used for financial development are foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization. The study employed a panel data regression on 136 countries with time frame of years 1990 to 2019. The model in this study deploys system GMM technique to estimate the model. The results show that financial development has a significant negative impact on energy consumption overall. Foreign direct investment and urbanization has significant impact on energy consumption. Also, economic growth positive impact on energy consumption its mean that economic growth promotes energy consumption. When dividing further the sample into different groups of regions such as Asian, European, African, North/Latin American and Caribbean countries then mixed results related to the nexus between financial development and energy consumption with respect to economic growth, urbanization and foreign direct investment. The policymakers in these different groups of countries must balance the relationship between energy supply and demand to achieving the sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS PAJAK HOTEL DAN RESTORAN SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PAD DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy V. Tiwang ◽  
Debby Ch. Rotinsulu ◽  
Daisy S.M. Engka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK             Pembangunan ekonomi daerah khususnya Pemerintah Kota merupakan titik awal pelaksanaan pembangunan, sehingga daerah diharapkan bisa lebih mengetahui potensi dan apa yang menjadi kebutuhan daerahnya salah satunya peningkatan Pendapatan dan Pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui proses pemugutan pajak Hotel dan Restoran guna dampak sesuai yang diharapkan.            Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dan efektivitas Pajak Hotel dan Restoranserta dampaknya terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Minahasa.            Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pajak Hotel dan Restoran masih kurang berpotensi, sementara untuk tingkat efektivitas, Pajak Hotel dan Restoran menunjukkan angka yang efektif yakni rata-rata diatas 100%, dan secara bersama variabel Pajak Hotel dan Restoran memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah, begitu pula secara bersamaan variabel Pajak Hotel dan restoran serta Pendapatan Asli Daerah memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang ada di Kabuaten Minahasa. Kata Kunci : Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pajak Hotel dan Restoran  ABSTRACT             Economic development areas especially the city is the starting point of construction , so that the regions is expected to be more aware of their potential and what has been one of the needs of the regions increase in income and economic growth through a tax collection hotel and restaurant to the impact as expected.            In this study aims to to analyze the all the potential and the effectiveness of tax hotel tax and restoranserta what effect it had on the regional genuine income and economic growth in kabupaten Minahasa .            Based on the research shows that hotel and restaurant tax potential is weak , while the effectiveness , hotel and restaurant tax shows a figure that is effective and above 100% , and together the hotel and restaurant tax positive impact on local revenue , this is also at the same time the hotel and restaurant tax and local revenue positive impact on the economic growth is in kabupaten Minahasa . Keyword : Local revenue, economic growth, hotel and restaurant taxes

The speed of change and performance risk: examining the impacts of IT spending in the US hotel industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hua ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Melissa F. Jahromi ◽  
Agnes DeFranco
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Revenue Volatility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of the speed of change (trend) in information technology (IT) expenditures on performance risk indicated by revenue volatility in the US hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach To systematically investigate the impacts of IT expenditures on hotel performance risks, this study collects the same store proprietary data of 1,471 hotel properties from CBRE, a leading hotel consulting firm in the USA, from 2011 to 2017, with a total of 10,297 observations. Findings Econometric analyses are performed and results indicate a significant and positive impact of the speed of change of IT systems expenditures on the performance risk after comprehensively controlling for confounding factors following prior research. Originality/value With the increased importance of IT in day-to-day activities, hospitality business owners have started to quickly adjust their investment in IT infrastructure and superstructure to enhance their business performance. However, their fast-changing expenditures may introduce more risks to their businesses based on the speed–accuracy tradeoff, systems theory and the Schumpeterian Growth Model. This study is one of the pioneer projects that ever assessed the impact of IT expenditure and speed of change on performance risks of hotels.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood cohesion as a form of privilege

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802091454 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Méndez ◽  
Gabriel Otero ◽  
Felipe Link ◽  
Ernesto López Morales ◽  
Modesto Gayo
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Common Good ◽  
American City ◽  
Cumulative Advantage ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
The City

Contrary to the idea that neighbourhood cohesion is something that inherently benefits the poor or counterbalances the forces of social exclusion, in this article we argue that it can also function as a mechanism of cumulative advantage. In order to explore this proposal, we offer a definition and key dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion based on three components: place attachment, local relations and commitment to the local common good. We test our proposal in a highly segregated Latin American city: Santiago, Chile. A combination of survey data and georeferenced information was obtained from a random sample of 700 residents. The results reveal the existence of four neighbourhood cohesion types: Communitarians, Belongers, Strangers and Outsiders. As expected, we found that people who reside in affluent areas and perceive themselves to live in more reputable neighbourhoods are those who report the strongest patterns of neighbourhood cohesion. We conclude by questioning the scope and effectiveness of policies which have promoted neighbourhood cohesion as a ‘tool’ of governance without first attempting to reduce socio-spatial rifts. We also ask whether these notable spatial differences in neighbourhood cohesion contribute to improving the overall social cohesion at the city level.

The Impact of Atmosphere in the City on Subjective Well-Being of Rio de Janeiro Residents During (vs. Before) the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Schlegel ◽  
Rebecca Pfitzner ◽  
Joerg Koenigstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study looks at the hosting of the 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup in Rio de Janeiro and, based on research drawing on environmental psychology and studies of liminality, hypothesizes that the perceived celebrative atmosphere in the city increases subjective well-being of host city residents (cariocas). Data were collected via in-person intercept surveys from 221 and 218 cariocas before and during the event, respectively. There was an increase in subjective well-being from before the event to during the event. The results of two-group path modeling revealed further that there was a positive impact of the perceived celebrative atmosphere in the host city on residents’ subjective well-being during the event; the effect was weaker (though still positive) for the time period when the event was not being hosted. Initiatives may build upon the atmospheric elements in a city to increase subjective well-being of residents, particularly in the context of event hosting.

scholarly journals De-centring Managua: post-earthquake reconstruction and revolution in Nicaragua

Urban History ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-685
Author(s):  
DAVID JOHNSON LEE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City ◽  
Earthquake Reconstruction

ABSTRACT:The reconstruction of Managua following the 1972 earthquake laid bare the contradictions of modernization theory that justified the US alliance with Latin American dictators in the name of democracy in the Cold War. Based on an idealized model of urban development, US planners developed a plan to ‘decentralize’ both the city of Managua and the power of the US-backed Somoza dictatorship. In the process, they helped augment the power of the dictator and create a city its inhabitants found intolerable. The collective rejection of the city, the dictator and his alliance with the United States, helped propel Nicaragua toward its 1979 revolution and turned the country into a Cold War battleground.

Analysis of Impact Factors of China's Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1111-1114
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Ma ◽  
Qiang Yi Li ◽  
Adili Tuergong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates the quantity of CO2 emissions in 30 provinces of China covering the year from 1999 to 2010, combining static and dynamic panel data model.Meanwhile, we use instruments to control the endogeny of the two models, analyzing the impact factors of China's CO2 emissions comprehensively and objectively. The result shows that a inverted U-shaped relationship is found between per capita GDP and CO2 emissions per capita .And it means that the Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis is verified in China.And energy consumption structure, industrial structure and urbanization have a positive impact on China's CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions of last period have a crucial impact on the emissions of current period.

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