Bacterial species and total bacterial load in the distal oesophagus in patients with and without clinical gastric reflux

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1891-1898
Author(s):  
E. Kayar Dogan ◽  
O. Abaci Gunyar ◽  
F. Topal ◽  
E. Alper ◽  
N. Ekinci
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Distal Oesophagus ◽  
Gastric Reflux

scholarly journals Effectiveness of 0.66% Povidone-Iodine Eye Drops on Ocular Surface Flora before Cataract Surgery: A Nationwide Microbiological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Rosario Musumeci ◽  
Pasquale Troiano ◽  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Matteo Piovella ◽  
Claudio Carbonara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Contralateral Eye

A multicenter, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted to evaluate, as perioperative prophylactic treatment, the anti-infective effectiveness of 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) against the bacterial flora of the conjunctival surface of patients who undergo cataract surgery. Eye drops containing 0.66% povidone-iodine were applied to the eye undergoing cataract surgery; the untreated contralateral eye was used as control. One hundred and twenty patients set to receive unilateral cataract surgery were enrolled in 5 Italian Ophthalmology Centers and pretreated for three days with 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops. The contralateral eye, used as control, was left untreated. Conjunctival swabs of both eyes were collected at the baseline visit and after three days of treatment, just before the cataract surgery. A qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of bacterial presence was evaluated by means of bacterial culture, followed by identification. Methicillin resistance determination was also performed on staphylococci isolates. Bacterial load before and after treatment of the eye candidate for cataract surgery was evaluated and compared to the untreated eye. A reduction or no regrowth on the culture media of the bacterial load was observed in 100% of the study subjects. A great heterogenicity of bacterial species was found. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops, used for three days prior to cataract surgery, were effective in reducing the conjunctival bacterial load. The 0.66% povidone-iodine eye drops (IODIM®) might represent a valid perioperative prophylactic antiseptic adjuvant treatment to protect the ocular surface from microbial contamination in preparation of the surgical procedure.

scholarly journals Volatile scents of influenza A and S. pyogenes (co-)infected cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Traxler ◽  
Gina Barkowsky ◽  
Radost Saß ◽  
Ann-Christin Klemenz ◽  
Nadja Patenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractInfluenza A is a serious pathogen itself, but often leads to dangerous co-infections in combination with bacterial species such as Streptococcus pyogenes. In comparison to classical biochemical methods, analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in headspace above cultures can enable destruction free monitoring of metabolic processes in vitro. Thus, volatile biomarkers emitted from biological cell cultures and pathogens could serve for monitoring of infection processes in vitro. In this study we analysed VOCs from headspace above (co)-infected human cells by using a customized sampling system. For investigating the influenza A mono-infection and the viral-bacterial co-infection in vitro, we analysed VOCs from Detroit cells inoculated with influenza A virus and S. pyogenes by means of needle-trap micro-extraction (NTME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Besides the determination of microbiological data such as cell count, cytokines, virus load and bacterial load, emissions from cell medium, uninfected cells and bacteria mono-infected cells were analysed. Significant differences in emitted VOC concentrations were identified between non-infected and infected cells. After inoculation with S. pyogenes, bacterial infection was mirrored by increased emissions of acetaldehyde and propanal. N-propyl acetate was linked to viral infection. Non-destructive monitoring of infections by means of VOC analysis may open a new window for infection research and clinical applications. VOC analysis could enable early recognition of pathogen presence and in-depth understanding of their etiopathology.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Features of the Growth of a Bacterial Species Colonizing the Zebrafish Gut

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jemielita ◽  
Michael J. Taormina ◽  
Adam R. Burns ◽  
Jennifer S. Hampton ◽  
Annah S. Rolig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

ABSTRACTThe vertebrate intestine is home to microbial ecosystems that play key roles in host development and health. Little is known about the spatial and temporal dynamics of these microbial communities, limiting our understanding of fundamental properties, such as their mechanisms of growth, propagation, and persistence. To address this, we inoculated initially germ-free zebrafish larvae with fluorescently labeled strains of anAeromonasspecies, representing an abundant genus in the zebrafish gut. Using light sheet fluorescence microscopy to obtain three-dimensional images spanning the gut, we quantified the entire bacterial load, as founding populations grew from tens to tens of thousands of cells over several hours. The data yield the first ever measurements of the growth kinetics of a microbial species inside a live vertebrate intestine and show dynamics that robustly fit a logistic growth model. Intriguingly, bacteria were nonuniformly distributed throughout the gut, and bacterial aggregates showed considerably higher growth rates than did discrete individuals. The form of aggregate growth indicates intrinsically higher division rates for clustered bacteria, rather than surface-mediated agglomeration onto clusters. Thus, the spatial organization of gut bacteria both relative to the host and to each other impacts overall growth kinetics, suggesting that spatial characterizations will be an important input to predictive models of host-associated microbial community assembly.IMPORTANCEOur intestines are home to vast numbers of microbes that influence many aspects of health and disease. Though we now know a great deal about the constituents of the gut microbiota, we understand very little about their spatial structure and temporal dynamics in humans or in any animal: how microbial populations establish themselves, grow, fluctuate, and persist. To address this, we made use of a model organism, the zebrafish, and a new optical imaging technique, light sheet fluorescence microscopy, to visualize for the first time the colonization of a live, vertebrate gut by specific bacteria with sufficient resolution to quantify the population over a range from a few individuals to tens of thousands of bacterial cells. Our results provide unprecedented measures of bacterial growth kinetics and also show the influence of spatial structure on bacterial populations, which can be revealed only by direct imaging.

scholarly journals Metagenome of SARS-Cov2 patients in Shenzhen with travel to Wuhan shows a wide range of species - Lautropia, Cutibacterium, Haemophilus being most abundant - and Campylobacter explaining diarrhea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Familial Cluster ◽  
Chinese Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Results

The metagenome of patients infected with SARS-Cov2 [1] has shown Prevotella to be a key player in immune response [2] in one Chinese study [3], just starting in another [4] and a host of other opportunistic pathogens in a study from San Diego county [5]. The metagenome can also be queried to find host response genes [5], as was done in monkey cells infected with SARS-Cov2 [6]Nanopore sequencing data from a familial cluster in ShenzhenThe patients were tested for 4 bacterial species - Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The sequencing data (Accid:SRR10948474, Nanopore) from five patients in a family cluster from Shenzhen who presented with unexplained pneumonia after returning from Wuhan (Table 1) shows a wide range of bacterial species - Lautropia, Cutibacterium, Haemophilus being most abundant. The presence of Campylobacter explains diarrhea seen in the patient [7,8]. Also, their tests should have detected Mycoplasma, since it is there in the data.Significant bacterial load with some bacterial species predominatingThe bacterial reads are about 20% (95K out of 500K reads). The viral load is also significant here (70K reads) [2]. They are in SI.familial/allsequences.fa. The number of bacterial species (with at least two reads) is 876 (SI.familial/list.allbacteria.txt). Thus, it is important to consider secondary infection, a possible reason why azithromycin (in addition to hydroxychloroquine) has given good initial results in a clinical trial [9].

scholarly journals Commercial wash of leafy vegetables do not significantly decrease bacterial load but leads to shifts in bacterial species composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 103667
Author(s):  
Anna Karin Rosberg ◽  
Julia Darlison ◽  
Lars Mogren ◽  
Beatrix Waechter Alsanius
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Leafy Vegetables

Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Physicians' Stethoscopes

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernard ◽  
Anne Kereveur ◽  
Dominique Durand ◽  
Jeanne Gonot ◽  
Fred Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractBecause stethoscopes might be potential vectors of nosocomial infections, this study, conducted in a 450-bed general hospital, was devised to evaluate the bacterial contamination of stethoscopes; bacterial survival on stethoscope membranes; the kinetics of the bacterial load on stethoscope membranes during clinical use; and the efficacy of 70% alcohol or liquid soap for membrane disinfection. Among the 355 stethoscopes tested, 234 carried ≥2 different bacterial species; 31 carried potentially pathogenic bacteria. Although some bacteria deposited onto membranes could survive 6 to 18 hours, none survived after disinfection.

scholarly journals Detection and identification of specific bacteria in wound biofilms using peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA FISH)

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 2603-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Malic ◽  
Katja E. Hill ◽  
Anthony Hayes ◽  
Steven L. Percival ◽  
David W. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Fish Analysis

Biofilms provide a reservoir of potentially infectious micro-organisms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents, and their importance in the failure of medical devices and chronic inflammatory conditions is increasingly being recognized. Particular research interest exists in the association of biofilms with wound infection and non-healing, i.e. chronic wounds. In this study, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to detect and characterize the spatial distribution of biofilm-forming bacteria which predominate within human chronic skin wounds (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp.). In vitro biofilms were prepared using a constant-depth film fermenter and a reconstituted human epidermis model. In vivo biofilms were also studied using biopsy samples from non-infected chronic venous leg ulcers. The specificity of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for the target organisms was confirmed using mixed preparations of planktonic bacteria and multiplex PNA probing. Identification and location of individual bacterial species within multi-species biofilms demonstrated that P. aeruginosa was predominant. CLSM revealed clustering of individual species within mixed-species biofilms. FISH analysis of archive chronic wound biopsy sections showed bacterial presence and allowed bacterial load to be determined. The application of this standardized procedure makes available an assay for identification of single- or multi-species bacterial populations in tissue biopsies. The technique provides a reliable tool to study bacterial biofilm formation and offers an approach to assess targeted biofilm disruption strategies in vivo.

scholarly journals LESSONS IN HAND WASHING: INFLUENCE OF OCCUPATION, HABIT AND SANITATION ON THE TYPE AND BURDEN OF HAND MICROFLORA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Egwari Louis Osayenum ◽  
Akinnola Olayemi Oluseun ◽  
Effiok William Warrie ◽  
Kilani Adetunji Musbau ◽  
Uzowuihe Xavier Chukwuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Before And After

The hand is an important vehicle in disease transmission both in the healthcare setting and in communities. This study accessed the level of compliance to hand hygiene requirements among different professionals within and outside the hospital setting.in addition to the role of good hand hygiene practice in reducing the microbial population of hands. Structured questionnaire to access compliance by the various study group was analyzed statistically. Swabs of hands and contact surfaces were collected before and after different treatment application ranging from washing with soap, use of or a combination of treatment and assessed . Knowledge of the importance of hand hygiene did not translate to better hand hygiene practice among health workers compared to groups outside the health profession. There was a higher preference for water for anal cleansing after defecation as opposed to the use of tissue paper by male than female (p<0.05). The bacterial load in unwashed hands ranged from 106 CFU/ml for Proteus and Streptococcus species to 1010 CFU/ml for and Staphylococcus species. Hand washing without application of resulted in 1-2 log10 CFU reduction depending on bacterial species (p>0.05). Application of to unwashed hands resulted in 2-7 log10 CFU reduction for most bacterial species (p<0.05). Hands were re-colonized with same flora within one week of decolonizing. The multiple factors associated with re-colonization of decolonized hands pose the question as to how frequent should hands be washed?

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Practices and the Effectiveness of Hand Sanitizers at Controlling Enteropathogens among the Residents of a University Community in Osun State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Femi, Ayoade ◽  
Benedicta, Chidalu Nnabude ◽  
Chiagoziem Anariochi, Otuechere
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Aim: To explore perceptions, attitudes and hand washing practices in relation to the effectiveness of hand sanitizers in controlling enteropathogens amongst residents of a Nigerian University with the purpose of creating awareness on the importance of hand hygiene to control the spread of communicable diseases. Study Design: A simple random cluster sampling technique was used. A questionnaire designed to relate demographic and hand hygiene practices to the effectiveness of the practices to the control of enteropathogens was applied to the respondents. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between January and May, 2018 at the Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Sterile swabs moistened with sterile normal saline were used in sampling the palms of 50 respondents and the normal transient flora was established, samples were again taken to determine effectiveness of hand washing at reducing the bacterial load and the diversity of organisms isolated from the samples after hand washing and application of hand sanitizers. Using standard microbiological methods, serial dilutions of the swabs in normal saline were plated on Eosin Methylene Blue agar in order to isolate members of the bacterial family Enterobacteriacae. Identification was done using cultural, morphological and relevant biochemical tests. Subsequently, the results for the different treatments were compared using the Duncan’s multiple range test at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that at least 60% of the respondents were unaware of the WHO recommended way to wash hands and 72% of these do not wash their hands before eating food or after taking care of sick people. The predominant transient hand flora in the tested population were determined to be constituted by the following bacterial species, namely, Enterobacter spp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia pestis, Erwinia cactida, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Hand washing with soap was found to be more effective at reducing these on the hands of the respondents at a degree similar to treatment with the hand sanitizer were PL® with a label claim of 70% alcohol contentand more effective than hand sanitizers CS® and GC® with 62% and 60% alcohol content respectively. Conclusion: Hand washing with soap and water when done properly remains the most reliable means of breaking the cycle and spread of preventable enteropathogens in the community setting and it is perhaps more reliable than the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

scholarly journals Wastewater Collection and Transportation through Drainage Network- a Potential Threat to Biodiversity & Local Eco-system in Zanzibar Stone-town & Surroundings

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Z. M. Abubakar ◽  
A. R. Rabia ◽  
A. M. Ussi ◽  
M. A. Bakar ◽  
R. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
High Turbidity

Waste water effluents voided in the coastal areas of Zanzibar are highly polluted posing a public health crisis. This cross-sectional study, carried out in September 2017, investigated bacterial load and physicochemical characteristics of the effluents discharged into coastal marine waters of the Zanzibar stone town and peri-urban areas. Ten drains, seven of which were impervious and three pervious, were sampled twice per day in mornings and afternoons. Each drain was sampled at three sites; the out-pour site close to the sea and two sites upstream 100 meters apart. Physicochemical parameters including Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and turbidity were determined immediately after arrival in the laboratory. Colony forming units/ ml were also determined.  Bacterial counts were higher in impervious drains, in out-pour sites and in the afternoons. Conversely counts were lower in the out-pour sites compared to upstream sites in the pervious drains. DO was significantly higher in the pervious compared to impervious drains (p = 0.004). Turbidity was high in the mornings, but one drain had significantly high turbidity (p=0.0009). In all drains pH was high in the afternoon than mornings. Thirteen bacterial species, mostly gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Vibrio cholerae was isolated from 5 drains. Ground water close to pervious drains had coliforms beyond WHO guidelines. Waste water drains in Zanzibar urban and peri-urban areas are vastly contaminated with organic matter and pathogenic bacteria leading to high turbidity and oxygen depletion. It is recommended to increase awareness to the public and introduce waste water treatment strategies both physically and chemically.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document