scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Practices and the Effectiveness of Hand Sanitizers at Controlling Enteropathogens among the Residents of a University Community in Osun State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Femi, Ayoade ◽  
Benedicta, Chidalu Nnabude ◽  
Chiagoziem Anariochi, Otuechere
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Aim: To explore perceptions, attitudes and hand washing practices in relation to the effectiveness of hand sanitizers in controlling enteropathogens amongst residents of a Nigerian University with the purpose of creating awareness on the importance of hand hygiene to control the spread of communicable diseases. Study Design: A simple random cluster sampling technique was used. A questionnaire designed to relate demographic and hand hygiene practices to the effectiveness of the practices to the control of enteropathogens was applied to the respondents. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between January and May, 2018 at the Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: Sterile swabs moistened with sterile normal saline were used in sampling the palms of 50 respondents and the normal transient flora was established, samples were again taken to determine effectiveness of hand washing at reducing the bacterial load and the diversity of organisms isolated from the samples after hand washing and application of hand sanitizers. Using standard microbiological methods, serial dilutions of the swabs in normal saline were plated on Eosin Methylene Blue agar in order to isolate members of the bacterial family Enterobacteriacae. Identification was done using cultural, morphological and relevant biochemical tests. Subsequently, the results for the different treatments were compared using the Duncan’s multiple range test at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that at least 60% of the respondents were unaware of the WHO recommended way to wash hands and 72% of these do not wash their hands before eating food or after taking care of sick people. The predominant transient hand flora in the tested population were determined to be constituted by the following bacterial species, namely, Enterobacter spp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia pestis, Erwinia cactida, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Hand washing with soap was found to be more effective at reducing these on the hands of the respondents at a degree similar to treatment with the hand sanitizer were PL® with a label claim of 70% alcohol contentand more effective than hand sanitizers CS® and GC® with 62% and 60% alcohol content respectively. Conclusion: Hand washing with soap and water when done properly remains the most reliable means of breaking the cycle and spread of preventable enteropathogens in the community setting and it is perhaps more reliable than the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

scholarly journals LESSONS IN HAND WASHING: INFLUENCE OF OCCUPATION, HABIT AND SANITATION ON THE TYPE AND BURDEN OF HAND MICROFLORA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Egwari Louis Osayenum ◽  
Akinnola Olayemi Oluseun ◽  
Effiok William Warrie ◽  
Kilani Adetunji Musbau ◽  
Uzowuihe Xavier Chukwuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Before And After

The hand is an important vehicle in disease transmission both in the healthcare setting and in communities. This study accessed the level of compliance to hand hygiene requirements among different professionals within and outside the hospital setting.in addition to the role of good hand hygiene practice in reducing the microbial population of hands. Structured questionnaire to access compliance by the various study group was analyzed statistically. Swabs of hands and contact surfaces were collected before and after different treatment application ranging from washing with soap, use of or a combination of treatment and assessed . Knowledge of the importance of hand hygiene did not translate to better hand hygiene practice among health workers compared to groups outside the health profession. There was a higher preference for water for anal cleansing after defecation as opposed to the use of tissue paper by male than female (p&lt;0.05). The bacterial load in unwashed hands ranged from 106 CFU/ml for Proteus and Streptococcus species to 1010 CFU/ml for and Staphylococcus species. Hand washing without application of resulted in 1-2 log10 CFU reduction depending on bacterial species (p&gt;0.05). Application of to unwashed hands resulted in 2-7 log10 CFU reduction for most bacterial species (p&lt;0.05). Hands were re-colonized with same flora within one week of decolonizing. The multiple factors associated with re-colonization of decolonized hands pose the question as to how frequent should hands be washed?

Meta-Analysis of Food Safety Training on Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Attitudes among Food Handlers

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN MEI SOON ◽  
RICHARD BAINES ◽  
PHILLIP SEAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Food Safety Training

Research has shown that traditional food safety training programs and strategies to promote hand hygiene increases knowledge of the subject. However, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of food safety training on food handlers' attitudes about good hand hygiene practices. The objective of this meta-analytical study was to assess the extent to which food safety training or intervention strategies increased knowledge of and attitudes about hand hygiene. A systematic review of food safety training articles was conducted. Additional studies were identified from abstracts from food safety conferences and food science education conferences. Search terms included combinations of “food safety,” “food hygiene,” “training,” “education,” “hand washing,” “hand hygiene,” “knowledge,” “attitudes,” “practices,” “behavior,” and “food handlers.” Only before- and after-training approaches and cohort studies with training (intervention group) and without training (control group) in hand hygiene knowledge and including attitudes in food handlers were evaluated. All pooled analyses were based on a random effects model. Meta-analysis values for nine food safety training and intervention studies on hand hygiene knowledge among food handlers were significantly higher than those of the control (without training), with an effect size (Hedges' g) of 1.284 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.830 to 1.738). Meta-analysis of five food safety training and intervention studies in which hand hygiene attitudes and self-reported practices were monitored produced a summary effect size of 0.683 (95% CI = 0.523 to 0.843). Food safety training increased knowledge and improved attitudes about hand hygiene practices. Refresher training and long-term reinforcement of good food handling behaviors may also be beneficial for sustaining good hand washing practices.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ORAL FLORA IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH GINGIVITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Samira Hsaine ◽  
Fatima Zahrae Fethi ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
Khadija Ounine
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation

Objective: Given the importance of the association between diabetes and periodontal disease, the main objective of the present study was to compare the microbial diversity responsible for gingivitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Methods: Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 134 patients with gingivitis and categorised into 3 groups (68 non-diabetic patients and 66 diabetic patients; 33 with controlled diabetes and 33 with poorly controlled diabetes). Sample culture was carried out on selective culture media. The identification of isolated strains involved a series of biochemical tests including miniature galleries (API 20E and 20 Strep), the traditional biochemical gallery (tubes) and automated bacterial identification (BD Phoenix™).Results: Identification by biochemical methods made it possible to differentiate 14 bacterial species and one yeast. There was greater bacterial diversity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. Periodontal pathogens were isolated from both diabetic and non-diabetic populations; however, certain microbes such as Streptococcus acidominimus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present only in diabetics, with a much higher percentage in those with poorly controlled diabetes.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes causes metabolic dysregulation that can increase the severity of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Hand hygiene practices among school children of a periurban area Firozabad district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Srivastava ◽  
Amarveer Singh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
School Children ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Background: Hand hygiene is a milestone of infectious disease control, and promotion of improved hand hygiene has been recognized as an important public health measure. The present study was undertaken to assess the hand hygiene practices among the school students of a peri urban area in district Firozabad.Methods: This six months cross sectional study was carried out among the students of an Intermediate college situated in a peri urban area of Firozabad district, U. P. All the students who were present in the respective classes (Vth–VIIth standard) were surveyed. A structured, self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect detailed information about the subjects‟ self-reported hand washing practices. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS windows version 14.0 software.Results: Out of total 76 students, 97.4% practiced hand washing after defecation with Soap and water, while 63.2% did hand washing after cleaning with soap and water and 31.6% washed hands before eating food with Soap and water. A higher proportion of males showed proper hand hygiene practices than females. Proper Hand hygiene practices increased with the increase in education.Conclusions: Teaching the correct hand hygiene practice at an early age with help students to be healthy in later life. Thus primordial prevention is the key to reduce infection in school children. 

scholarly journals An observational study to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding hand washing

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Shashi Saxena ◽  
Saurabh Mishra ◽  
Huma Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Hand hygiene is a milestone in the field of infectious disease control. Promotion of improved hand hygiene has been recognized as an important public health measure. Therefore hand washing is being promoted in various ways. This study has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene practices amongst the medical students to identify areas of gaps in their knowledge, attitude and practices.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among medical undergraduates of a private medical college in western Utter Pradesh. A pre tested questionnaire with multiple choice questions was used for collection of data.Results: A total of 246 MBBS students participated in the study out of which 50.4 % students were male and rest were female. 78.5% participants were belonging to the age group 19-21 years. Students have good knowledge of hand washing irrespective of their educational front.Conclusions: The results of our study are fairly good still a proper training program is required to generate awareness among the community. Maintenance of hand hygiene should be a part of our education system at primary level.

scholarly journals Home-based hand hygiene practices of mothers in relation to infections in their infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
O.B. Ogunfowora ◽  
T.A. Ogunlesi ◽  
O.O. Oba-Daini
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Access To Water

Background: Infections are the leading causes of death in children. Most of these infections are transmitted through the hands of mothers, carers and health workers.Objective: To determine the pattern of home-based hand hygiene practices among mothers of young infants attending a tertiary facility clinic in relation to infections in their infants.Methods: A cross-sectional study of mothers of infants attending an immunization clinic was conducted using a self-designed, pretested questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the 203 mothers was 30.3 ±3.8 years. The majority of the mothers received counselling about hand washing as part of antenatal care (79.8%), had access to water at home (94.0%) and always washed hands with water and soap (48.3%). Although 149 (73.4%) knew  hand sanitizers, only 28 (13.8%) used it. Close to half of their infants (46.3%) had various infections (diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, and boils) within a month of the interview. Only counselling was associated with good quality hand washing practices (p<0.0001) while the age of child less than 6 months and good quality of hand washing were associated with the absence of infections in the infants (p = 0.029 and p<0.0001 respectively).Conclusion: Half of the cohort of mothers practiced good quality hand washing but with poor use of hand sanitizers. With various infections recorded in close to half of their infants, it is important to emphasise better hand washing techniques and improve access to alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Key words: Alcohol-based Hand sanitizers, Hand hygiene, Hand washing, Infants, Infections, Sagamu.

Hand washing practices of the residents of Silesia (Poland) based on observations in public toilets

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Jolanta Malinowska-Borowska ◽  
Magdalena Wolny ◽  
Marcin Krause
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Public Toilets

In numerous medical reports and scientific papers, it is unequivocally stated that dirty hands increase the risk of gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin infections. The aim of the present study was to assess hand hygiene practices in Silesia, Poland. In 2012, 400 persons were observed in public toilets located in shopping centres of Silesia. Disguised, participant and controlled observations were used. Results indicated that women wash their hands more frequently and longer than men. Women washed their hands for 10.2 (standard deviation (SD) = 7.3) s on average, while men devoted an average of 8.2 (SD = 5.8) s to this activity. Men dried their hands for about 3 s longer and used soap more frequently than women. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the correctness of the hand-washing procedure and the place of observation (p &lt; 0.05). Based on the research and available literature, it can be concluded that health activities promoting the hand-washing procedure need to be introduced in Poland.

scholarly journals Microbial quality assessment of roasted and fried meat sold in Gumel town

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaharaddeen Salisu ◽  
Sanusi Shamsudeen Nassarawa ◽  
Sadisu Farouq
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Roasted and fried meats are the two commonest and preferred meat varieties consumed in northern Nigeria. The consumption of these meat varieties is, nevertheless, without ascertaining its fitness in terms of contamination by pathogens. In line with this occurrence and preference, it is a good approach to assess the quality of roasted and fried meat in one of the prehistoric towns of northern Nigeria, which is Gumel. A total of 10 samples of both fried and roasted meat were randomly collected, prepared and microbiological analyses for mesophilic bacteria, fungi and coliform group conducted in the laboratory. The mean bacterial load was observed between 3.0 x 104 and 6.5 x 104 CFU/g for roasted beef meat and 4.7 x 104 and 5.3 x 104 CFU/g for fried beef meat. It was 4.5 x 104 and 6.0 x 104 CFU/g in roasted chicken meat and 4.0 x 104 and 4.7 x 104 CFU/g in fried chicken meat. For the fungal load, it was observed to be between the range of 1.0 x 104 and 3.0 x 103 CFU/g for roasted beef meat and 1.0 x 104 and 7.0 x 103 CFU/g for fried beef meat. For the chicken meat, it ranges from 1.0 x 104 to 4.0 x 103 CFU/g for the roasted type and 1.0 x 104 and 7.0 x 103 CFU/g for the fried meat. Investigation of the coliform group showed no growth in both samples. On biochemical tests, bacterial species confirmed to be present were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, and Streptococcus spp. while Penicillium spp, Mucor hiemalis, Aspergillus species and Rhizopus spp. are the fungal species observed in the meats. This research was, therefore, conducted to assess the quality of roasted and fried meat sold in Gumel town to relate it to some common diseases affecting the community.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Oral Hygiene and Hand Hygiene Practices of Korean Adolescents: A Study Focused on the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Conducted in 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Jeong Kim ◽  
HYEJU LEE
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Type ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures available to prevent infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and it is recommended that individuals was their hands periodically before and after meals, after using toilets, before preparing food at home, at schools and in public places. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral hygiene and hand hygiene in Korean adolescents. Method: Data from 57,303 adolescents who participated in the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were analyzed to determine the relationship between oral hygiene and hand hygiene. Results: According to the results of this study, adolescents who brushed their teeth after lunch were 1.48 times more likely to practice hand washing before lunch than were those who did not brush their teeth after lunch. In addition, the odds ratio adjusted for gender, grade, school type, and residence was found to be 1.87. Conclusions: Oral hygiene practices were found to be related to personal hygiene, as assessed by hand washing, in Korean adolescents. Additional studies are needed to develop ways of improving the hygiene and health of adolescents.

scholarly journals Study of the adherence capacity of microbial biofilms on titanium versus zirconium dioxide (Zirconia) surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Teodora MARCU ◽  
◽  
Augustin MIHAI ◽  
Mihai BURLIBAȘA ◽  
Marcela POPA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Zirconium Dioxide ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Interesting Study

Introduction. An important role in the appearance of acute or chronic infections is played by bacterial biofilms that contain several bacterial species and that develop preferentially on inert surfaces, dead tissues and medical devices. Purpose. In this material we tried to make an interesting study, regarding the adhesion capacity of microbial biofilms characteristic of the oral cavity of human subjects on the surface of materials used for industrial scale manufacturing of dental implants: titanium and zirconium dioxide (Zirconia). Material and methods. For this study were used plates of Ti4 and zirconia, on which adhesion of different bacterial strains belonging to the species Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumonia were tested. Results and discussions. A rather high microbial load was observed on both types of materials for all types of bacterial strains studied. For certain types of strains, a lower colonization was noted in the case of zirconium dioxide compared to Ti4 surfaces. Conclusions. Although Zirconia has been reported to have a lower susceptibility to bacterial adhesion, our study contradicts this aspect specified in the literature. Both titanium and zirconium dioxide are promptly colonized by existing bacteria on the teeth left in the oral cavity

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