Extrusion of λ‐carrageenan gum: Physical properties and in vitro bifidogenic effect

The poor understanding of the complex multistep process taken by nanocarriers during the delivery process limits the delivery efficiencies and further hinders the translation of these systems into medicine. Here, we describe a series of six self-assembled nanocarrier types with systematically altered physical properties including size, shape, and rigidity, as well as both in vitro and in vivo analyses of their performance in blood circulation, tumor penetration, cancer cell uptake, and anticancer efficacy. We also developed both data and simulation-based models for understanding the influence of physical properties, both individually and considered together, on each delivery step and overall delivery process. Thus, beyond finding that nanocarriers that are simultaneously endowed with tubular shape, short length, and low rigidity outperformed the other types, we now have a suit of theoretical models that can predict how nanocarrier properties will individually and collectively perform in the multistep delivery of anticancer therapies.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Arginine Enriched NaF Varnish: An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2998

Author(s):

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽

Manikandan Ekambaram ◽

Edward Lo ◽

Cynthia Yiu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Stable Matrix

The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.

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Self Assembling Nanostructured Delivery Vehicles for Biochemically Reactive Pairs

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-351-109 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 351 ◽

Author(s):

Nir Kossovsky ◽

A. Gelman ◽

H.J. Hnatyszyn ◽

E. Sponsler ◽

G.-M. Chow

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Materials Science ◽

Technology Development ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Carbon Ceramic

ABSTRACTIntrigued by the deceptive simplicity and beauty of macromolecular self-assembly, our laboratory began studying models of self-assembly using solids, glasses, and colloidal substrates. These studies have defined a fundamental new colloidal material for supporting members of a biochemically reactive pair.The technology, a molecular transportation assembly, is based on preformed carbon ceramic nanoparticles and self assembled calcium-phosphate dihydrate particles to which glassy carbohydrates are then applied as a nanometer thick surface coating. This carbohydrate coated core functions as a dehydroprotectant and stabilizes surface immobilized members of a biochemically reactive pair. The final product, therefore, consists of three layers. The core is comprised of the ceramic, the second layer is the dehydroprotectant carbohydrate adhesive, and the surface layer is the biochemically reactive molecule for which delivery is desired.We have characterized many of the physical properties of this system and have evaluated the utility of this delivery technology in vitro and in animal models. Physical characterization has included standard and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron and x-ray diffraction and ζ potential analysis. Functional assays of the ability of the system to act as a nanoscale dehydroprotecting delivery vehicle have been performed on viral antigens, hemoglobin, and insulin. By all measures at present, the favorable physical properties and biological behavior of the molecular transportation assembly point to an exciting new interdisciplinary area of technology development in materials science, chemistry and biology.

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In vitro studies on the fine structure of epicuticular leaf wax from Pseudotsuga menziesii

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b81-091 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 640-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G. R. Lister ◽

B. W. Thair

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Chloroform Solution ◽

Scale Construction ◽

Leaf Wax ◽

Wax Crystal ◽

Wax Crystals

The epicuticular leaf wax of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was recrystallized from chloroform solution in vitro. The striated, tubular forms were reconstituted in sizes which included that observed in vivo, indicating that the final dimensions and morphology of the wax crystals are functions of physical properties of the component molecules, rather than an enzyme-dependent polymerization. Subsequent evaluation of all observations and data formed the basis for the scale construction of a model of the tubular wax crystal.

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Lack of relationship between wheat in vitro viscosity and digestibility parameters for pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596847 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 32-32

Author(s):

F.J. Lewis ◽

J. McEvoy ◽

K.J. McCracken

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Variable Composition ◽

Wheat Quality ◽

Inexpensive Method ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

The Relationship

Whilst wheat is a major component in many pig diets it has the most variable composition of any of the cereals (Bolton & Blair, 1974) with wheat variety and the environment in which it was grown influencing its chemical and physical properties and thus nutritive value. A rapid and inexpensive method for prediction of nutritive value is thus needed to account for these variations in wheat composition. Viscosity is closely related to the soluble arabinoxylan content of wheat (Dusel et al., 1997) with a high in vitro wheat viscosity associated with a reduction in apparent metabolisable energy (AME) for poultry (Classen et al, 1995). The relationship between viscosity and nutritive value for pigs is therefore of interest. The present study investigated the effect of wheat quality measured by extract viscosity, on ileal and overall digestibility using the post-valve ‘T’ caecal (PVTC) canulation method in growing pigs.

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Microfluidics‐Assisted Fabrication of Microtissues with Tunable Physical Properties for Developing an In Vitro Multiplex Tissue Model

Advanced Biosystems ◽

10.1002/adbi.201800236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 1800236 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dongjin Lee ◽

Kangseok Lee ◽

Chaenyung Cha

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Tissue Model

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Tuning the Properties of PNIPAm-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13183154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 3154

Author(s):

Md Mohosin Rana ◽

Hector De la Hoz Siegler

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Hydrogel Scaffolds ◽

Design Variables

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) is a three-dimensional (3D) crosslinked polymer that can interact with human cells and play an important role in the development of tissue morphogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. PNIPAm-based scaffolds possess many desirable structural and physical properties required for tissue regeneration, but insufficient mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biomimicry for tissue development remain obstacles for their application in tissue engineering. The structural integrity and physical properties of the hydrogels depend on the crosslinks formed between polymer chains during synthesis. A variety of design variables including crosslinker content, the combination of natural and synthetic polymers, and solvent type have been explored over the past decade to develop PNIPAm-based scaffolds with optimized properties suitable for tissue engineering applications. These design parameters have been implemented to provide hydrogel scaffolds with dynamic and spatially patterned cues that mimic the biological environment and guide the required cellular functions for cartilage tissue regeneration. The current advances on tuning the properties of PNIPAm-based scaffolds were searched for on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the scaffolding properties of PNIPAm-based hydrogels and the effects of synthesis-solvent and crosslinking density on tuning these properties. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of considering these two design variables for developing PNIPAm-based scaffolds are outlined.

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Potential of Inulin-Fructooligosaccharides Extract Produced from Red Onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum (Metz) Mansf.) as an Alternative Prebiotic Product

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2401

Author(s):

Jakkrit Aisara ◽

Pairote Wongputtisin ◽

Somkid Deejing ◽

Chutamas Maneewong ◽

Kridsada Unban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Commercial Cultivation ◽

Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽

Free Glucose ◽

Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽

Bifidogenic Effect

Red onion is a popular ingredient in many Thai dishes and has recently been promoted for commercial cultivation. In this study, inulin-fructooligosaccharides (inulin-FOSs) were extracted from red onions in a simplified extraction method. The extract contained 24.00 ± 0.38 g/L free glucose, fructose and sucrose, while the level of FOSs was recorded at 74.0 ± 2.80 g/L with a degree of polymerization of 4.1. The extract was resistant to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, while selectively promoting probiotic lactobacilli. These outcomes resulted in inhibitory effects against various pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro batch culture fermentation of the extract by natural mixed culture indicated that an unknown sugar identified as neokestose was more rapidly fermented than 1-kestose and other longer-chain inulin-FOSs. Notably, neokestose selectively encouraged a bifidogenic effect, specifically in terms of the growth of Bifidobacteirum breve, which is an infant-type probiotic bacterium. This is the first report to state that neokestose could selectively enhance the bifidogenic effect. In summary, inulin-FOSs extract should be recognized as a multifunctional ingredient that can offer benefits in food and pharmaceutical applications.

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