scholarly journals Potential of Inulin-Fructooligosaccharides Extract Produced from Red Onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum (Metz) Mansf.) as an Alternative Prebiotic Product

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Jakkrit Aisara ◽  
Pairote Wongputtisin ◽  
Somkid Deejing ◽  
Chutamas Maneewong ◽  
Kridsada Unban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect

Red onion is a popular ingredient in many Thai dishes and has recently been promoted for commercial cultivation. In this study, inulin-fructooligosaccharides (inulin-FOSs) were extracted from red onions in a simplified extraction method. The extract contained 24.00 ± 0.38 g/L free glucose, fructose and sucrose, while the level of FOSs was recorded at 74.0 ± 2.80 g/L with a degree of polymerization of 4.1. The extract was resistant to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, while selectively promoting probiotic lactobacilli. These outcomes resulted in inhibitory effects against various pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro batch culture fermentation of the extract by natural mixed culture indicated that an unknown sugar identified as neokestose was more rapidly fermented than 1-kestose and other longer-chain inulin-FOSs. Notably, neokestose selectively encouraged a bifidogenic effect, specifically in terms of the growth of Bifidobacteirum breve, which is an infant-type probiotic bacterium. This is the first report to state that neokestose could selectively enhance the bifidogenic effect. In summary, inulin-FOSs extract should be recognized as a multifunctional ingredient that can offer benefits in food and pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals In-vitro pathogen inhibition: Comparing the inhibitory effects of a complex multistrain synbiotic with simple probiotics containing the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Piatek ◽  
Henning Sommermeyer ◽  
Arleta Ciechelska-Rybarczyk ◽  
Malgorzata Bernatek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Pathogen Inhibition ◽  
Different Strains

AbstractSupplementation with probiotics is considered as alternative treatment or adjuvant therapy for a number of bacterial infections for which the use of antibiotics is either not recommended or emerging antibiotic resistance is a major concern. Inhibition of the growth of pathogenic bacteria has been related to a number of different activities of probiotic bacteria or yeasts, some of which are very specific for particular strains of probiotics. As the different inhibition activities might act additively or even synergistically, probiotic multistrain products are discussed as potentially being more effective in pathogen inhibition than products containing one or a small number of probiotic strains. The present study investigated the in vitro inhibition of Escherichia (E.) coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella (S.) typhimurium and Clostridum (Cl.) difficile, all being human pathogens of significant worldwide healthcare concerns. The probiotic containing the yeast Sacharomyces (S.) boulardii inhibited all four pathogens. Similar inhibitions were observed with a bacterial probiotic containing three different strains (Pen, E/N and Oxy) of Lactobacillus (Lc.) rhamnosus. Compared to the inhibition found for these probiotics, the inhibitory effects of a complex multistrain synbiotic, containing nine different probiotic strains (6 Lactobacilli and 3 Bifidobacteria) and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS), were significantly stronger. The stronger inhibition by the complex multistrain synbiotic was observed for all four tested pathogens. Our findings support a hypothesis that complex synbiotic products containing a larger number of different strains combined with a prebiotic component might be more attractive candidates for further clinical characterization than simpler probiotics containing one or only few probiotic strains.

scholarly journals In Vitro Selective Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Cambodian and Philippine Plants Used in Folk Medicine for Diarrhea Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Kudera ◽  
Barbora Fiserova ◽  
Marie Korytakova ◽  
Ivo Doskocil ◽  
Hana Salmonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Cancer ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Bacterial diarrhea remains a global health problem, especially in developing tropical countries. Moreover, dysbiosis caused by diarrheagenic bacteria and inappropriate antimicrobial treatment has been associated with intestinal carcinogenesis. Despite the rich tradition of the use of herbs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Cambodian and Philippine folk medicine, many of them have not yet been systematically studied for their in vitro selective inhibitory effects on intestinal bacteria and cells. In the present study, in vitro inhibitory activities of 35 ethanolic extracts derived from 32 Cambodian and Philippine medicinal plants were determined by broth microdilution method against 12 pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, cytotoxicity against intestinal cancer cells (Caco-2 and HT-29) using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity assay and safety to six beneficial intestinal bacteria (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and intestinal normal cells (FHs 74 Int) were determined for the antimicrobially active extracts. Selectivity indices (SIs) were calculated among the averages of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), and 80% inhibitory concentrations of proliferation (IC80) for each type of the tested agents. The extracts of Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr. (Moraceae), Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) Merr. (Ancistrocladaceae), and Pentacme siamensis (Miq.) Kurz (Dipterocarpaceae) produced significant growth-inhibitory effects (MICs = 32–512 μg/ml) against intestinal pathogenic bacteria at the concentrations nontoxic to normal intestinal cells (IC80 values >512 μg/ml; SIs = 0.11–0.2). Moreover, the extract of P. siamensis (Miq.) Kurz was relatively safe to beneficial bacteria (MICs ≥512 μg/ml; SI = 0.1), and together with A. blancoi (Elmer) Merr., they selectively inhibited intestinal cancer cells (IC50 values ≥51.98 ± 19.79 μg/ml; SIs = 0.3 and 0.6). Finally, a strong selective antiproliferative effect on cancer cells (IC50 values 37.89 ± 2.68 to 130.89 ± 13.99 μg/ml; SIs = 0.5) was exerted by Ehretia microphylla Lam. (Boraginaceae), Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Gagnep. (Lythraceae), and Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. (Melastomataceae) (leaves with flower buds). The results suggest that the above-mentioned species are promising materials for the development of new selective antibacterial and antiproliferative agents for the treatment of infectious diarrhea and associated intestinal cancer diseases. However, further research is needed regarding the isolation and identification of their active constituents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial properties of phytohormone (gibberellins) against phytopathogens and clinical pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paoirse Toner ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
Juluri R. Rao ◽  
Madeleine Ennis ◽  
John E. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range

The in vitro antimicrobial potential of physiologically active diterpenoid plant-derived gibberellins (gibberellic acids; GAs) was tested on microbial pathogens of significance to plant and human health. The racemic enantiomer GA3 produced varying inhibitory effects against a wide range of plant host disease causal agents (phytopathogens) comprising fungi, oomycetes and bacteria. The results showed that GA3 effected either strong growth arrest of phytopathogenic fungi or holistic biocidal effects on oomycete and phytopathogenic fungi at higher concentration (>10–50 mM) and increased hyphal extension growth when the concentration of GA3 was lowered (<10−0.1 mM). When human clinical pathogenic bacteria cohorts were challenged with gibberellin enantiomers, viz GA1, GA4, GA5, GA7, GA9 and GA13 (50 mM), employing Kirby–Bauer disc bioassay methods for assessment of their efficacies, no inhibitory effect was seen with gibberellin enantiomers, viz GA1, GA3, GA5 and GA13, while GA4 inhibited all human clinical bacterial organisms examined, with GA7 and GA9 showing limited activity. The antibiotic effects of enantiomeric diterpenoid phytohormones evinced in our preliminary study raise prospects for further studies to fully examine their potential therapeutic value for human healthcare and their compliance with cytotoxicity and other ethical considerations in the future.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes on Acinetobacter baumanii

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Najme Bagheri ◽  
Niloofar Safaei ◽  
Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordy ◽  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Mostafa Madmoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Introduction: Using antibiotics to control pathogenic bacteria is associated with certain side effects in addition to emergence of drug resistance. Nowadays, researchers are considering using plants as suitable alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of study was to compare in vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and hydroalcoholic Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes L. extracts on Acinetobacter baumanii. Materials and methods: Different concentrations of R. ribes and B. persicum were prepared to determine microbial sensitivity of A. baumanii using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The highest MIC (256 µg/ml) against A. baumanii was derived for aqueous R. ribes and B. persicum extracts and the lowest MIC (128 µg/ml) for their hydroalcoholic extracts. The highest MBC (512 µg/ml) was derived for aqueous R. ribes extract and the lowest MBC (256 µg/ml) for aqueous and hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum and hydroalcoholic R. ribes extracts. The extracts exhibited great inhibitory effects against the studied bacteria in disk diffusion; and with increasing the extracts’ concentrations, the inhibitory effect was exhibited more markedly as increased diameter of inhibition zone. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum extracts can be used as nature-based compounds to control A. baumanii.  

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from animal environment with in vitro aflatoxin B1 binding ability and anti-pathogenic bacterial influence

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Armando ◽  
C. Dogi ◽  
R. Pizzolitto ◽  
F. Escobar ◽  
M. Peirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by fungi growing on foods or feeds and represent a serious hazard to humans and animals. Concerns related to the negative health impact of aflatoxins have led to the investigation of strategies to prevent, eliminate or reduce the presence of these toxins in contaminated products. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are among promising candidates that can be used in animal feed for improving the robustness of animals in the production environment. The aim of this work was to isolate and select S. cerevisiae strains from pig environment with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binding ability, able to tolerate gastrointestinal conditions and with some potential beneficial properties to the host. S. cerevisiae strains were isolated from animal feed, faeces and gut and identified by morphological and molecular techniques. AFB1 binding percentages varied among yeast strains according to the AFB1 concentration used. The RC016 strain showed the highest adsorption percentage at the three AFB1 concentrations tested in this work (50, 100 and 500 ng/ml) followed by RC008 strain. All yeast strains were able to survive under gastrointestinal conditions and to strongly adhere to Vero cells. All S. cerevisiae strains showed co-aggregation with pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella enterica sub sp. enterica). Only RC016 and RC008 strongly inhibited the three pathogens assayed. S. cerevisiae strains RC016 and RC008 are promising microorganisms for inclusion in animal feed.

scholarly journals Zizyphus lotus (L.) extracts as prebiotics in the aggregation and adhesion of probiotic and inhibition of pathologic bacteria from patients with colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ouldchikh ◽  
Aicha TirTouil ◽  
Boumédiene Meddah
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Vitro Effect

The mucosal surfaces of the intestinal tract harbor a complex microbiota. Bacteria enter in contact with intestinal cells and bestow important nutritional, metabolic and protective functions which benefit the host. Various factors are able to alter the balances between different intestinal bacteria. Dysbiosis has been described in various pathologies and metabolic diseases in humans, such as cancer. Colorectal cancer pathology can benefit from gut microbial imbalance. Its overgrowth may lead to acute symptoms. An alternative strategy to restore this balance is the use of plant extracts which exhibit a prebiotic activity by stimulating of probiotic bacteria and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria colonization. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts (Aqueous extract "AE" and Methanolic extract "ME" ) from Zizyphus lotus. It aims also to investigate the effect of this extract as a prebiotic on the aggregation of probiotic and inhibitory effects of pathogenic bacteria isolated from faeces of patients with colorectal cancer. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts from Zizyphus lotus by HPLC showed that all are rich in phenolic compounds (225.40 mgAGE/gDW for AE and 63.04 mgAGE/gDW for ME extracts). Moreover, all extracts showed an important antioxidant activity (227 µg/ml for AE and 195 µg/ml for ME). These extracts also exhibited a significant prebiotic effect and antibacterial activity. Characterization of the in vitro effect of the aqueous extract showed that the percentage of autoaggregation and adhesion of probiotic and inhibitory effects of pathogenic bacteria increased in the presence of aqueous extracts.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probiotic agent and a possible aflatoxin B1 adsorbent in simulated fish intestinal tract conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-870
Author(s):  
R.E.E. Pinheiro ◽  
A.M.D. Rodrigues ◽  
C.E. Lima ◽  
J.T.O. Santos ◽  
C.M. Pereyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Self Aggregation

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the probiotic potential and absorption of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the aflatoxin B1 in simulated fish intestinal tract conditions. Three yeast strains were used, two from brewery: S. cerevisiae RC1 and S. cerevisiae RC3 and one from a fish farming environment: S. cerevisiae A8L2. The selected yeasts were subjected to the following in vitro tests: homologous inhibition, self-aggregation, co-aggregation, antibacterial activity, gastrointestinal conditions tolerance and adsorption of AFB1. All S. cerevisiae strains showed good capability of self-aggregation and co-aggregation with pathogenic bacteria. All yeast strains were able to survive the gastrointestinal conditions. In acidic conditions, the factors (strain vs. time) had interaction (P=0.0317), resulting in significant variation among the strains tested in the time periods analyzed. It was observed that there was also interaction (P=0.0062) in intestinal conditions, with an increased number of cells in the 12-hour period for all strains tested. In the adsorption test, the A8L2 strain was statistically more effective (P<0.005) for both AFB1 concentrations evaluated in this study (10 and 25ng/mL). Thus, it was observed that the strains of S. cerevisiae have potential probiotic and adsorbent of AFB1.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of immunomodulatory and anti-Campylobacter activities of probiotic lactobacilli

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz ◽  
Jake Astill ◽  
Raveendra R. Kulkarni ◽  
Leah R. Read ◽  
Afsaneh Najarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Autoinducer 2 ◽  
Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to assess the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus spp. (L. salivarius, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. crispatus, and L. gasseri) against Campylobacter jejuni as well as their immunomodulatory capabilities. The results demonstrated that lactobacilli exhibit differential antagonistic effects against C. jejuni and vary in their ability to elicit innate responses in chicken macrophages. All lactobacilli exerted inhibitory effects on C. jejuni growth, abrogated the production of the quorum sensing molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) by C. jejuni and inhibited the invasion of C. jejuni in human intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, all lactobacilli, except L. reuteri, significantly reduced the expression of virulence-related genes in C. jejuni, including genes responsible for motility (flaA, flaB, and flhA), invasion (ciaB), and AI-2 production (luxS). All lactobacilli enhanced C. jejuni phagocytosis by macrophages and increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12p40, IL-10, and chemokine (CXCLi2) in macrophages. Furthermore, L. salivarius, L. reuteri, L. crispatus, and a mixture of all lactobacilli significantly increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 in macrophages. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that lactobacilli possess anti-Campylobacter and immunomodulatory activities. Further studies are needed to assess their protective efficacy against intestinal colonization by C. jejuni in broiler chickens.

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