scholarly journals Deviant Peer Behavior and Adolescent Delinquency: Protective Effects of Inhibitory Control, Planning, or Decision Making?

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Benjamin Hinnant ◽  
Alissa B. Forman‐Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Peer Behavior

Inhibitory Control of Information in Memory Across Domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Bajo ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Alejandra Marful
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Behavioral Signature

Knowledge in memory is vast and not always relevant to the task at hand. Recent views suggest that the human cognitive system has evolved so that it includes goal-driven control mechanisms to regulate the level of activation of specific pieces of knowledge and make distracting or unwanted information in memory less accessible. This operation is primarily directed to facilitate the use of task-relevant knowledge. However, these control processes may also have side effects on performance in a variety of situations when the task at hand partly relies on access to suppressed information. In this article, we show that various types of information to be used in a variety of different contexts (problem solving, decision making based on personal information, language production) may be the target of inhibitory control. We also show that the control process may leave a behavioral signature if suppressed information turns out to be relevant shortly after being suppressed.

Decision-making and inhibitory control after smoking-related priming in nicotine dependent smokers and never-smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Kräplin ◽  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Thomas Goschke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Never Smokers

The Context of Caution: An Examination of Age, Social Context, and Sex on Measures of Inhibitory Control and Risky Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel A. Cowell ◽  
Elizabeth R. Paitel ◽  
Sierra Peters
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Comparable Accuracy

Understanding how older adults successfully navigate complex choices like driving requires the consideration of processing speed, inhibitory control, attentional processes, and risk management, and the context within which these decisions occur. The current study employed the Flanker task, the Stoplight task, and a personality inventory with 43 younger adults and 49 older adults either while they were alone or being observed by two same-sex, similarly aged peers. On the Flanker task, older adults performed more slowly, but with comparable accuracy. On the Stoplight task, there was a significant main effect of Context, and an Age-Group by Sex interaction, even after controlling for response time: All groups had a greater number of crashes when alone, and young adult males had significantly more crashes than any other group. These results emphasize the importance of considering the broader context of decision-making.

Exploring Cognitive Decision-making Processes, Computer-focused Cyber Deviance Involvement and Victimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Louderback ◽  
Olena Antonaccio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Cognitive Decision

Objectives: Investigate the relationship between thoughtfully reflective decision-making (TRDM) and computer-focused cyber deviance involvement and computer-focused cybercrime victimization. Method: Survey data collected from samples of 1,039 employees and 418 students at a large private university were analyzed using ordinary least squares and negative binomial regression to test the effects of TRDM on computer-focused cyber deviance involvement and victimization. Results: TRDM reduces computer-focused cyber deviance involvement and computer-focused cybercrime victimization across measures and samples. The sensitivity analyses also indicated that TRDM is a more robust predictor of cyber deviance involvement than victimization. The results from moderation analyses showed that, whereas protective effects of TRDM are invariant across genders, they are less salient among older employees for the scenario-based measure of cybercrime victimization. Conclusions: Individual-level cognitive decision-making processes are important in predicting computer-focused cyber deviance involvement and victimization. These results can inform the development of targeted institutional and criminal justice policies aimed at reducing computer-focused cybercrime.

Investigating executive functions in youth with OCD and hoarding symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-357
Author(s):  
Melissa Elgie ◽  
Duncan H. Cameron ◽  
Karen Rowa ◽  
Geoffrey B. Hall ◽  
Randi E. McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Executive functions (EF) deficits are hypothesized to be a core contributor to hoarding symptoms. EF have been studied in adult hoarding populations, but studies in youth are lacking. The current study compared multiple EF subdomains between youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and youth with OCD and hoarding symptoms. Forty youth (8–18 years old) with a primary diagnosis of OCD were recruited. Participants were divided by hoarding severity on the Child Saving Inventory (CSI) into either the “hoarding group” (upper 33.3%) or the “low-hoarding group” (lower 66.7%). Groups were compared on EF tasks of cognitive flexibility, decision-making, and inhibitory control. Youth in the hoarding group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility and lowered perseveration than the low-hoarding group. Hoarding and low-hoarding groups did not differ in any other EF subdomain. Hoarding symptoms in youth with OCD were not associated with deficits in EF subdomains; instead, youth who hoard exhibited higher cognitive flexibility compared to youth with low hoarding symptoms.

Mindful decision making and inhibitory control training as complementary means to decrease snack consumption

Appetite ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan M. Forman ◽  
Jena A. Shaw ◽  
Stephanie P. Goldstein ◽  
Meghan L. Butryn ◽  
Lindsay M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Snack Consumption

Determinants of HIV testing and receipt of test results among adolescent girls in Nigeria: the role of assets and decision-making

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Iwelunmor ◽  
Sarah Blackstone ◽  
Larissa Jennings ◽  
Donaldson Converse ◽  
John Ehiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Many adolescent girls in Nigeria do not test for HIV despite being at high risk. While the influence of psychosocial factors on HIV testing has been examined, there is less evidence regarding the impact of assets and control of assets on HIV testing. This study investigated the protective effects of specific adolescent girls’ assets on decision-making regarding HIV testing. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey was analyzed. The main outcome variables were self-reports of having been tested for HIV and knowledge of a place that offers HIV testing. Binary logistic regression was used with employment, education, wealth index, home ownership, land ownership and decision making as potential predictors. Demographic characteristics were controlled in the analysis. Results Age [odds ratio (OR = 1.49)], employment (OR = 3.38), education (OR = 3.16), wealth index (OR = 1.33) and decision making (OR = 3.16) were positively associated with HIV testing. Age (OR = 1.20), employment (OR = 1.33), education (OR = 1.38), wealth (OR = 1.64), land ownership (OR = 1.42), and decision making (OR = 1.26) were positively associated with knowledge of an HIV testing location. Conclusion Our findings suggest that assets play an important role with HIV testing decisions for adolescent girls. Further research to elucidate the specific asset-based needs of adolescent girls will be needed to enhance decisions surrounding uptake of HIV testing and receipt of test results in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Influence of Inhibitory Control and Episodic Memory on the Risky Sexual Behavior of Young Adult Cannabis Users

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Melissa Schuster ◽  
Natania A. Crane ◽  
Robin Mermelstein ◽  
Raul Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Consequences

AbstractCannabis use is associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) and sex-related negative health consequences. This investigation examined the role of inhibitory control and episodic memory in predicting RSB and sex-related negative consequences among current cannabis users. Findings indicated that the relationships among cannabis, neurocognition, and sexual-risk varied according to the dimension of neurocognition and the parameter of RSB in question. Specifically, more risk-taking was associated with more RSB. Furthermore, amount of recent cannabis use was associated with more RSB and sex-related negative consequences, but only among those with worse performances on a measure of decision-making and of risk-taking. Contrary to hypotheses, worse episodic memory also significantly predicted higher overall sexual-risk and decreased safe-sex practices. Results indicate that worse neurocognitive performance in the areas of risk-taking, decision-making, and episodic memory may influence the degree to which cannabis users engage in RSB and experience negative health consequences as a result. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–7)

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