scholarly journals Comparison of green and albino individuals of the partially mycoheterotrophic orchidEpipactis helleborineon molecular identities of mycorrhizal fungi, nutritional modes and gene expression in mycorrhizal roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1652-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Suetsugu ◽  
Masahide Yamato ◽  
Chihiro Miura ◽  
Katsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazuya Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Alternative Splicing Events Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Rhizophagus irregularis) in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Roots

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Zorin ◽  
Alexey M. Afonin ◽  
Olga A. Kulaeva ◽  
Emma S. Gribchenko ◽  
Oksana Y. Shtark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Intron Retention ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mrna Isoforms ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Alternative splicing (AS), a process that enables formation of different mRNA isoforms due to alternative ways of pre-mRNA processing, is one of the mechanisms for fine-tuning gene expression. Currently, the role of AS in symbioses formed by plants with soil microorganisms is not fully understood. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza was performed using RNAseq and following bioinformatic analysis. AS profiles of mycorrhizal and control roots were highly similar, intron retention accounting for a large proportion of the observed AS types (67%). Using three different tools (SUPPA2, DRIMSeq and IsoformSwitchAnalyzeR), eight genes with AS events specific for mycorrhizal roots of pea were identified, among which four were annotated as encoding an apoptosis inhibitor protein, a serine/threonine-protein kinase, a dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase, and a pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DEAH1. In pea mycorrhizal roots, the isoforms of these four genes with preliminary stop codons leading to a truncated ORFs were up-regulated. Interestingly, two of these four genes demonstrating mycorrhiza-specific AS are related to the process of splicing, thus forming parts of the feedback loops involved in fine-tuning of gene expression during mycorrhization.

scholarly journals Effects of Laccaria bicolor on Gene Expression of Populus trichocarpa Root under Poplar Canker Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Fengxin Dong ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

Poplars can be harmed by poplar canker. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi can improve the resistance of poplars to canker, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, an aseptic inoculation system of L. bicolor–P. trichocarpa–B. dothidea was constructed, and transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate regulation by L. bicolor of the expression of genes in the roots of P. trichocarpa during the onset of B. dothidea infection, and a total of 3022 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on these DEGs, and 661 genes’ expressions were considered to be affected by inoculation with L. bicolor and B. dothidea. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that these 661 DEGs were involved in multiple pathways such as signal transduction, reactive oxygen metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Inoculation with L. bicolor changed the gene expression pattern of the roots, evidencing its involvement in the disease resistance response of P. trichocarpa. This research reveals the mechanism of L. bicolor in inducing resistance to canker of P. trichocarpa at the molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant disease resistance.

scholarly journals Strigolactone GR24 upregulates Nrf2 target genes and may protect against oxidative stress in skeletal muscle

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Shalem Raju Modi ◽  
Tarja Kokkola
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression

GR24 is a synthetic strigolactone analog, demonstrated to regulate the development of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. GR24 possesses anti-cancer and anti-apoptotic properties, enhances insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal myotubes, inhibits adipogenesis, decreases inflammation in adipocytes and macrophages and downregulates the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. Transcription factor Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) is a master regulator of antioxidant response, regulating a multitude of genes involved in cellular stress responses and anti-inflammatory pathways, thus maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 activation reduces the deleterious effects of mitochondrial toxins and has multiple roles in promoting mitochondrial function and dynamics. We studied the role of GR24 on gene expression in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells which were differentiated into myotubes. The myotubes were treated with GR24 and analyzed by microarray gene expression profiling. GR24 upregulated the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 and its target genes, activating antioxidant defences, suggesting that GR24 may protect skeletal muscle from the toxic effects of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Gibberellins Interfere with Symbiosis Signaling and Gene Expression and Alter Colonization by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Lotus japonicus

2014 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Takeda ◽  
Yoshihiro Handa ◽  
Syusaku Tsuzuki ◽  
Mikiko Kojima ◽  
Hitoshi Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals The Growth improvement of Falcataria moluccana inoculated with MycoSilvi grown in post-mining silica sand soil medium amended with soil ameliorants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Sri Wilarso ◽  
CAHYO WIBOWO ◽  
ANDI SUKENDRO ◽  
HABIB SATRIO BEKTI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Abstract. Budi SW, Wibowo C, Sukendro A, Bekti HS. 2020. Growth improvement of Falcataria moluccana inoculated with MycoSilvi grown in post-mining silica sand soil medium amended with soil ameliorants. Biodiversitas 21: 422-427. High aluminum content in soil of post-mining silica sand area inhibits plant growth. MycoSilvi is an inoculum of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (FMA) enriched with Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs) which plays an important role for improving plant growth in unfertile soil medium. The aims of this research were to analyze the growth response of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JW Grimes) seedlings treated with MycoSilvi and soil ameliorants (compost and lime) in post-mining silica sand soil medium. The randomized complete design with factorial scheme was used in this study. The results showed that the interactions of MycoSilvi and Soil ameliorant significantly increased height, diameter, biomass and mycorrhizal colonization of F. moluccana. Combination of MycoSilvi variant 3 and lime increased height, diameter, and biomass of F. moluccana by 965%, 147%, and 1427% respectively, as compared to those of control plants. The mycorrhizal roots colonization in those treatments was 98%. The addition of compost and lime increased pH and decreased Aluminum and Fe of the soil medium. F. moluccana seedlings have high mycorrhizal dependency on post-mining silica sand soil media. These results indicate prospective uses of MycoSilvi and soil ameliorants for improving plant growth in unfertile soil medium, including soil in post-mining area.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviate Arsenic Toxicity in Sophora Viciifolia Hance. by Improving The Growth, Photosynthesis, Reactive Oxygen Species and Gene Expression of Phytochelatin Synthase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
QiaoMing Zhang ◽  
Minggui Gong ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Angran Zhang ◽  
Jiangfeng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
As Stress ◽  
As Toxicity

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can protect host plants against arsenic (As) toxicity. However, knowledge on the response of woody leguminous under As stress is limited so far. In this study, Sophora viciifolia seedlings were inoculated with/without AMF Rhizophagus intraradices, and S. viciifolia were grown in three levels (0, 50, and 100 mg As kg−1 soil) of As-polluted soil though the potted experiments. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of AMF symbiosis on woody leguminous under As stress. Some physiological and biochemical parameters of S. viciifolia, which included the plant growth, photosynthesis, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression of phytochelatins (PCs), were analyzed. The results showed that As toxicity in soils inhibited the AM colonization rate, plant growth, photosynthesis, increased the oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities, and up-regulated the gene expression of SvPCS1 in the leaves and roots of S. viciifolia seedlings. However, compared with non-inoculated S. viciifolia at the same As level, R. intraradices-inoculated S. viciifolia had higher shoot and root dry weight, plant height, root length, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching values (qP), as well as lower intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and non-photochemical quenching values (NPQ). R. intraradices inoculation inhibited the malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2•– concentrations, but improved the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) in S. viciifolia leaves and roots. The gene expression of SvPCS1 in the leaves and roots was obviously up-regulated by R. intraradices inoculation. These results demonstrated that R. intraradices inoculation enhanced the As tolerance of S. viciifolia seedlings, owing to the beneficial effects of AMF symbiosis on improving the plant growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species and gene expression of SvPCS1 in S. viciifolia seedlings. R. intraradices is possible to get involved in the defence response of S. viciifolia seedlings against. As toxicity stress. This investigation got more profound insights into As tolerance mechanisms of woody leguminous associated with AMF symbiosis.

scholarly journals Acaulospora as the Dominant Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Organic Lowland Rice Paddies Improves Phosphorus Availability in Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Khachonphong Nopphakat ◽  
Phanthipha Runsaeng ◽  
Lompong Klinnawee
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Flooding in rainfed lowlands greatly impairs the mutualistic relationship between indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rice. In flooded soils, root colonization by AMF is arrested, but some AMF genera, defined as the core AMF, remain present. However, the core AMF in rainfed lowlands and their symbiotic roles remain unknown. Here, we showed that Acaulospora fungi were the core AMF in rice seedling roots of the Sangyod Muang Phatthalung (SMP) landrace rice variety grown in non-flooded and flooded paddy soils. Subsequently, indigenous Acaulospora spores were propagated by trap cultures using maize as the host plants. Therefore, to clarify the roles of cultured Acaulospora spores in a symbiotic partnership, the model japonica rice variety Nipponbare was grown in sterile soil inoculated with Acaulospora spores, and recolonized with a native microbial filtrate from the organic rice paddy soil. Our data demonstrated that the inoculation of Acaulospora spores in well-drained soil under a nutrient-sufficient condition for six weeks enabled 70 percent of the rice roots to be colonized by the fungi, leading to higher phosphate (Pi) accumulation in the mycorrhizal roots. Unexpectedly, the growth of rice seedlings was significantly suppressed by inoculation while photosynthetic parameters such as fractions of incoming light energy and relative chlorophyll content were unaltered. In the soil, the Acaulospora fungi increased soil phosphorus (P) availability by enhancing the secretion of acid phosphatase in the mycorrhizal roots. The findings of this work elucidate the symbiotic roles of the dominant Acaulospora fungi from lowland rice paddies.

scholarly journals Genetic control of rhizosheath formation in pearl millet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla de la Fuente Canto ◽  
Marcel Nahim Diouf ◽  
Papa Mamadou Sitor Ndour ◽  
Marilyne Debieu ◽  
Alexandre Grondin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Bulk Segregant Analysis ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Root Tip

The rhizosheath, the layer of soil that adheres strongly to roots, influences water and nutrients acquisition. Pearl millet is a cereal crop that plays a major role for food security in arid regions of sub Saharan Africa and India. We previously showed that root-adhering soil mass is a heritable trait in pearl millet and that it correlates with changes in rhizosphere microbiota structure and functions. Here, we studied the correlation between root-adhering soil mass and root hair development, root architecture, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and we analysed the genetic control of this trait using genome wide association (GWAS) combined with bulk segregant analysis and gene expression studies. Root-adhering soil mass was weakly correlated only to root hairs traits in pearl millet. Twelve QTLs for rhizosheath formation were identified by GWAS and bulk segregant analysis on a biparental population further validated five of these QTLs. Combining genetics with a comparison of global gene expression in the root tip of contrasted inbred lines revealed candidate genes that might control rhizosheath formation in pearl millet. Our study indicates that rhizosheath formation is under complex genetic control in pearl millet and suggests that it is mainly regulated by root exudation.

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