High prevalence of colonization of oral cavity by respiratory pathogens in frail older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia

Oropharyngeal dysphagia, a clinical condition that indicates difficulty in moving food and liquid from the oral cavity to the esophagus, has a markedly high prevalence in the elderly. The number of elderly people with oropharyngeal dysphagia is expected to increase due to the aging of the world’s population. Understanding the current situation of dysphagia screening is crucial when considering future countermeasures. We report findings from a literature review including citations on current objective dysphagia screening tests: the Water Swallowing Test, Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability, and the Gugging Swallowing Screen. Pneumonia can be predicted using the results of the screening tests discussed in this review, and the response after the screening tests is important for prevention. In addition, although interdisciplinary team approaches prevent and reduce aspiration, optimal treatment is a challenging. Intervention studies with multiple factors focusing on the elderly are needed.

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The experience of using a diode laser in the herpes labial treatment

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2020-25-1-43-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

S. L. Blashkova ◽

E. V. Krikun ◽

Yu. V. Fazylova ◽

Yu. V. Blashkova

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Allergic Reactions ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Simplex Virus

Relevance. The relevance of the problem is in the high prevalence of the herpes simplex virus. According to WHO, nearly 90% of the population are carriers. Relapses can occur several times a year, which leads to disability and impairs the quality of life. Currently, there are a large number of drugs for general and local treatment. However, they are toxic and can cause allergic reactions. In recent years, a large number of studies have been devoted to the use of lasers in the treatment of dental diseases. Therefore, the question of the use of a laser in the treatment of herpetic lesions of the oral cavity remains relevant.Purpose. The research purpose was to determine the effectiveness of the use of a diode laser in the treatment of herpetic lesions of the lips.Materials and methods. We conducted a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the use of a diode laser in monotherapy of herpetic lip lesions in 18 patients. The comparison group consisted of 18 patients, in the local treatment of which antiviral ointments were used.Results. The results of the study showed that the use of a diode laser can reduce treatment time, accelerate the epithelization of foci.Conclusion. The results of our study allow us to recommend the use of a diode laser in the complex treatment of herpetic lesions of the oral cavity.

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High prevalence of human papillomavirus and European variants of HPV 16 infecting concomitantly to cervix and oral cavity in HIV positive women

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0227900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0227900

Author(s):

Milagros Pérez-Quintanilla ◽

Rocío Méndez-Martínez ◽

Salvador Vázquez-Vega ◽

Raquel Espinosa-Romero ◽

Rita Sotelo-Regil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

High Prevalence

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PREVALANCE OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER IN UPPER ASSAM: AN INSTITUTIONAL STUDY.

10.36106/ijsr/0807612 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 50-51

Author(s):

Ayesha Agarwal ◽

Trishan Paul ◽

Rudra Kanta Gogoi ◽

Rheetwik Baruah ◽

Chiranjeev Baruah

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Medical College ◽

Starting Point ◽

High Prevalence ◽

North Eastern ◽

Total Body

In India, head and neck cancers (HNCA) account for 14.3% cancers at all sites. In North-eastern India, there is a high prevalence of HNCA which can be associated with pervasive habit of using tobacco, lime and betel. The alarmingly high prevalence of cancers of head and neck in this part of India has prompted us to take up this study. Ahospital-based study on prevalence of cancer in various head and neck regions like oropharynx, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands and nasal cavity was conducted in Department of Radiation Oncology, Assam Medical College and Hospital from June 2020 to May 2021.The prevalence is found to be signicantly high at 57.59%, affecting males more than females in the age group of 50-59 years. HNCA of hypopharynx and oral cavity constituted a major burden of total body cancer. This study hopes to quantify and analyse the HNCAspectrum and should help as a starting point for a much needed population based study in this region. Acomprehensive effort is required to identify the cause of such high prevalence of HNCAin this region of India, generate awareness and treatment options suited to meet this challenge.

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High prevalent human papillomavirus infections of the oral cavity of asymptomatic HIV-positive men

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4677-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rocío Méndez-Martínez ◽

Silvia Maldonado-Frías ◽

Salvador Vázquez-Vega ◽

Yanink Caro-Vega ◽

José Guadalupe Rendón-Maldonado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Anal Canal ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sex With Men ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Incidence of anal and oral infections with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing, particularly among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive (HIV+) men. HPV type 16 has exhibited the highest incidence and only limited data is available on other prevalent types, variants of HPV16, as well as associated factors. We were interested in identifying prevalent HPV types, variants of type 16, as well as factors associated with HPV16 infections in the oral cavity of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A cross-sectional study of oral cavity samples from HIV+ MSM, that in a previous study were identified as positive for HPV16 in the anal canal. Cells from the oral cavity (102 samples, paired with 102 from the anal canal of same patient) were used to extract DNA and detect HPV infections using INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II, and PCR. From these, 80 samples (paired, 40 anal and 40 oral) were used to identify variants of type 16 by sequencing. Statistical differences were estimated by the X2 test, and p values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered significant. SPSS ver. Twenty-four statistical software (IBM Corp) was used. Results We found a high prevalence of High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) and Low-Risk HPV (LR-HPV). Patients were positive in the oral cavity for HR types; 16, 39 and 18 (80.4, 61.8 and 52.9% respectively) and LR types 11 and 6 (53.9 and 34.3% respectively). Surprisingly, only European variants of type 16 were found in the oral cavity, although American Asian (22.5%) and African (2.5%) variants were identified in the anal canal. The analysis showed that CD4 counts could be the most important risk factor associated with HR-HPV infections in the oral cavity, anal canal or both anatomical regions. The risk of infection of the oral cavity with type 18 increased in men diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 years. Conclusions Prevalence of both HR and LR HPV’s in the oral cavity of Mexican HIV+ MSM is very high. The fact that only European variants of HPV16 were found in the oral cavity suggest a possible tropism not previously described.

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Potentially inappropriate prescribing in older hospitalized Dutch patients according to the STOPP/START criteria v2: a longitudinal study

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-020-03052-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Birgit A. Damoiseaux-Volman ◽

Stephanie Medlock ◽

Kimmy Raven ◽

Danielle Sent ◽

Johannes A. Romijn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Older Patients ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Inappropriate Medication ◽

Inappropriate Prescribing ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Start Criteria ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Inappropriate Prescriptions ◽

Over Time

Abstract Purpose To investigate prevalence, independent associations, and variation over time of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in a population of older hospitalized patients. Methods A longitudinal study using a large dataset of hospital admissions of older patients (≥ 70 years) based on an electronic health records cohort including data from 2015 to 2019. Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and potential prescribing omission (PPO) prevalence during hospital stay were identified based on the Dutch STOPP/START criteria v2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analyzing associations and trends over time. Results The data included 16,687 admissions. Of all admissions, 56% had ≥ 1 PIM and 58% had ≥ 1 PPO. Gender, age, number of medications, number of diagnoses, Charlson score, and length of stay were independently associated with both PIMs and PPOs. Additionally, number of departments and number of prescribing specialties were independently associated with PIMs. Over the years, the PIM prevalence did not change (OR = 1.00, p = .95), whereas PPO prevalence increased (OR = 1.08, p < .001). However, when corrected for changes in patient characteristics such as number of diagnoses, the PIM (aOR = 0.91, p < .001) and PPO prevalence (aOR = 0.94, p < .001) decreased over the years. Conclusion We found potentially inappropriate prescriptions in the majority of admissions of older patients. Prescribing relatively improved over time when considering complexity of the admissions. Nevertheless, the high prevalence shows a clear need to better address this issue in clinical practice. Studies seeking effective (re)prescribing interventions are warranted.

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Oral Medicine Considerations for Older Patients

Primary Dental Journal ◽

10.1177/2050168420943975 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

Jayne Patterson ◽

Amanda Willis

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Older Patients ◽

Facial Pain ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Significant Problem ◽

Oral Medicine ◽

Mucosal Disease ◽

Older Populations

With the projected increase to 1.3 billion people aged 65 years or older by 2040, healthcare professionals are faced with significant challenges in managing this population of patients. In the oral cavity, oral mucosal disease is a signiﬁcant problem found in older populations. Several facial pain conditions are more likely to be seen in this cohort of patients. Although management of this group of patients may not always be appropriate in general practice, an awareness of the range of oral medicine conditions that may be encountered in older patients is essential to allow prompt referral and treatment.

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