scholarly journals HD‐ZIP IV gene Roc8 regulates the size of bulliform cells and lignin content in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2559-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Xuean Cui ◽  
Shouzhen Teng ◽  
Zhao Kunnong ◽  
Yanwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Bulliform Cells

Silicification of wood-cell walls

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S. E. Keckler ◽  
D. M. Dabbs ◽  
N. Yao ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Inorganic Precursors

Cellular organic structures such as wood can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of complex structures of organic/ceramic nanocomposites. The wood cell is a fiber-reinforced resin composite of cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix. A single cell wall, containing several layers of different fiber orientations and lignin content, is separated from its neighboring wall by the middle lamella, a lignin-rich region. In order to achieve total mineralization, deposition on and in the cell wall must be achieved. Geological fossilization of wood occurs as permineralization (filling the void spaces with mineral) and petrifaction (mineralizing the cell wall as the organic component decays) through infiltration of wood with inorganics after growth. Conversely, living plants can incorporate inorganics into their cells and in some cases into the cell walls during growth. In a recent study, we mimicked geological fossilization by infiltrating inorganic precursors into wood cells in order to enhance the properties of wood. In the current work, we use electron microscopy to examine the structure of silica formed in the cell walls after infiltration of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

Does the kappa number method accurately reflect lignin content in nonwood pulps?

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
Sabrina Burkhardt
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Klason Lignin ◽  
Organic Functional Groups ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Wood Pulps ◽  
Hexenuronic Acid

The traditional kappa number method was developed in 1960 as a way to more quickly determine the level of lignin remaining in a completed or in-progress pulp. A significantly faster approach than the Klason lignin procedure, the kappa number method is based on the reaction of a strong oxidizing agent (KMnO4) with lignin and small amounts of other organic functional groups present in the pulp, such as hexenuronic acid. While the usefulness of the kappa number for providing information about bleaching requirements and pulp properties has arguably transformed the pulp and paper industry, it has been mostly developed for kraft, sulfite, and soda wood pulps. Nonwood species have a different chemical makeup than hardwood or softwood sources. These chemical differ-ences can influence kappa and Klason measurements on the pulp and lead to wide ranges of error. Both original data from Sustainable Fiber Technologies’ sulfur and chlorine-free pulping process and kappa and Klason data from various nonwood pulp literature sources will be presented to challenge the assumption that the kappa number accurately represents lignin content in nonwood pulps.

Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽  
Annisa Mufida ◽  
Edwin Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

scholarly journals Impact of Lignin Content on the Sweet Sorghum Bagasse Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 1957-1960
Author(s):  
Zhipei Yan ◽  
Jihong Li ◽  
Shizhong Li ◽  
Ting Cui ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(acrylonitrile-co-Methyl Acrylate)/Lignin Nanofibers: Effects of Lignin Type and Total Polymer Concentration

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Suchitha Devadas ◽  
Saja M. Nabat Al-Ajrash ◽  
Donald A. Klosterman ◽  
Kenya M. Crosson ◽  
Garry S. Crosson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Polymer Content ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Blend Ratios ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile

Lignin macromolecules are potential precursor materials for producing electrospun nanofibers for composite applications. However, little is known about the effect of lignin type and blend ratios with synthetic polymers. This study analyzed blends of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (PAN-MA) with two types of commercially available lignin, low sulfonate (LSL) and alkali, kraft lignin (AL), in DMF solvent. The electrospinning and polymer blend solution conditions were optimized to produce thermally stable, smooth lignin-based nanofibers with total polymer content of up to 20 wt % in solution and a 50/50 blend weight ratio. Microscopy studies revealed that AL blends possess good solubility, miscibility, and dispersibility compared to LSL blends. Despite the lignin content or type, rheological studies demonstrated that PAN-MA concentration in solution dictated the blend’s viscosity. Smooth electrospun nanofibers were fabricated using AL depending upon the total polymer content and blend ratio. AL’s addition to PAN-MA did not affect the glass transition or degradation temperatures of the nanofibers compared to neat PAN-MA. We confirmed the presence of each lignin type within PAN-MA nanofibers through infrared spectroscopy. PAN-MA/AL nanofibers possessed similar morphological and thermal properties as PAN-MA; thus, these lignin-based nanofibers can replace PAN in future applications, including production of carbon fibers and supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Evaluating polymer interplay after hot water pretreatment to investigate maize stem internode recalcitrance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Leroy ◽  
Xavier Falourd ◽  
Loïc Foucat ◽  
Valérie Méchin ◽  
Fabienne Guillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Condensed State ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Hot Water Pretreatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Biomass recalcitrance is governed by various molecular and structural factors but the interplay between these multiscale factors remains unclear. In this study, hot water pretreatment (HWP) was applied to maize stem internodes to highlight the impact of the ultrastructure of the polymers and their interactions on the accessibility and recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic biomass. The impact of HWP was analysed at different scales, from the polymer ultrastructure or water mobility to the cell wall organisation by combining complementary compositional, spectral and NMR analyses. Results HWP increased the kinetics and yield of saccharification. Chemical characterisation showed that HWP altered cell wall composition with a loss of hemicelluloses (up to 45% in the 40-min HWP) and of ferulic acid cross-linking associated with lignin enrichment. The lignin structure was also altered (up to 35% reduction in β–O–4 bonds), associated with slight depolymerisation/repolymerisation depending on the length of treatment. The increase in $${T}_{1\rho }^{H}$$ T 1 ρ H , $${T}_{HH}$$ T HH and specific surface area (SSA) showed that the cellulose environment was looser after pretreatment. These changes were linked to the increased accessibility of more constrained water to the cellulose in the 5–15 nm pore size range. Conclusion The loss of hemicelluloses and changes in polymer structural features caused by HWP led to reorganisation of the lignocellulose matrix. These modifications increased the SSA and redistributed the water thereby increasing the accessibility of cellulases and enhancing hydrolysis. Interestingly, lignin content did not have a negative impact on enzymatic hydrolysis but a higher lignin condensed state appeared to promote saccharification. The environment and organisation of lignin is thus more important than its concentration in explaining cellulose accessibility. Elucidating the interactions between polymers is the key to understanding LB recalcitrance and to identifying the best severity conditions to optimise HWP in sustainable biorefineries.

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

Modulation of structural carbohydrates, phenol compounds and lignin content in Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings grown under boron, copper and zinc induced-deficiency

New Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liamara Santos Masullo ◽  
Vitória Duarte Derisso ◽  
Gislene Roberta Manarim ◽  
Alexandre de Vicente Ferraz ◽  
José Henrique Tertulino Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
Copper And Zinc
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