scholarly journals Effect of Solvent Evaporation Time of Polysulfone Incorporated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane on Protein Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. M. Sabri ◽  
H. Hasbullah ◽  
M. S. Tohid ◽  
N. Ibrahim ◽  
R. M. Kasmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Evaporation Time ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Bsa Rejection

Polysulfone (PSf) membranes are becoming more popular in wastewater treatment recently, mostly due to its stability in chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. PSf membranes are hydrophobic, causing difficulty of water permeation. Incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles improving the membrane hydrophilicity, thus increasing membrane permeation and rejection. In this study, copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) incorporated PSf membranes were fabricated under different evaporation times of 3s, 6s, 8s, and 9s to investigate on membrane morphology and performance. The membrane morphologies were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) while the membrane performance was determined through pure water flux (PWF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection. When characterized by SEM, all membranes showed an asymmetric structure with thin and dense at the top while the bottom layer was thick and porous. It was discovered that as the evaporation time increased, the formation of the finger-like structure became narrower while dense layer became thicker. When tested with PWF, membranes with higher evaporation times showed less permeability, decreasing from 139.74 Lm-2h-1 to 89.89 Lm-2h-1. In terms of BSA rejection, increased in evaporation time caused the rejection rate to increase from 87.79% to 92.15%. This study proved that evaporation time is one of important parameters that influences the membrane performance significantly. 

scholarly journals Hydrophilicity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. M. Sabri ◽  
H. Hasbullah ◽  
N. Said ◽  
N. Ibrahim ◽  
R. M. Kasmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Bsa Rejection

Hydrophilicity property of membrane is a crucial feature in preventing fouling by most organic components including proteins. In this work, two different metal oxide nanoparticles were selected and their effects on hydrophilicity of polysulfone (PSf) flat sheet membrane for ultrafiltration were investigated. Addition of copper oxide (CuO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) of 0.25 wt% concentration in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were also compared to a neat PSf membrane. The membranes were prepared via dry-wet phase inversion technique with 18 wt% of PSf with 5 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The physical and chemical properties of the prepared membranes were observed by contact angle measurements, porosity, average pore size and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The membranes permeation performance was also examined in term of pure water flux (PWF) and protein rejection by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Contact angle value of CuO/PSf obtained was 67.1° that was lower than the neat PSf membrane of 87.9° whereas 68.1° for Fe2O3/PSf indicating that metal oxides addition did enhance the membrane hydrophilicity with CuO was slightly better than Fe2O3. The reduction in contact angle ensured that the pure water flux through the membrane with metal oxide additive would improve as well. For CuO, the PWF increased to 159.3 Lm-2hr-1 from 81.3 Lm-2hr-1 of neat PSf, while Fe2O3 showed the PWF at 93.4 Lm-2hr-1. Morphological analyses displayed asymmetric membranes with narrow finger-like structure were formed in this study. A well-formed dense top layer indicated that the membrane would possess good BSA rejection property with 92% of rejection achieved by CuO/PSf membrane. The incorporation of nanoparticles with the membrane is proven to be an effective mean to increase the membrane hydrophilicity with improved water flux and BSA rejection.

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Are Highly Toxic: A Comparison between Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1726-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna L. Karlsson ◽  
Pontus Cronholm ◽  
Johanna Gustafsson ◽  
Lennart Möller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

The Effect of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Coagulant Medium of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fikri Shohur ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
Muhamad Zaini Yunos ◽  
Sulaiman Hassan ◽  
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Asymmetric Membrane ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Immersion Medium ◽  
Base Polymer ◽  
Phase Inversion Method

This study investigates the effect of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) coagulant medium with different concentration to produce Polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration (UF) asymmetric membrane. The polymer membrane prepared by a phase inversion method using Polysulfone (PSf) as a base polymer, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400MW as copolymer additive, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and NaCl coagulant medium with different concentration as nonsolvent. In this work, the concentration of immersion medium for membrane phase immersion process prepared based on different coagulation concentration medium NaCl was modified repeatedly in the range of 1-5%. These membrane performance were analyzed via pure water permeation and solute rejection of humic acid. Based on these results, the membrane immersed in 4% concentration of NaCl coagulant medium showed the highest pure water permeation (235.69 l.m-2. h-1) and solute rejection of humic acid which is up to 98%.

Comparative Study on Effect of PEG and PVP as Additives on Polysulfone (PSF) Membrane Structure and Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Nabilah Aminudin ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
Muhamad Zaini Yunos ◽  
Goh Pei Sean
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane ◽  
Membrane Structure And Performance ◽  
Bsa Rejection

PSf flat sheet membrane was prepared via phase inversion technique with N-methyl-2-pyrroidone (NMP) as solvent. In this study polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) were compared as additives at different composition (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%). The structure and morphology of the resulting membranes were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the membranes permeation were evaluated in terms of pure water flux (PWF) and solute rejection. Solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to study the performance of prepared membrane. The addition of the additives into the casting solution changed the structure of the resultant membranes, which was believed to be associated with the change the permeated of water. The results demonstrated that at the same additive content, PSf/PVP membranes had higher PWF at 0.5 wt% and and 5 wt% of additive while PSf/PEG at 1 wt% and 3 wt% of additive. The BSA rejection show no significant changes for PSf/PEG while PSf/PVP, BSA rejection decrease with increase the increasing the PVP. For PEG, additive from 0% to 5%, the PWF increased from 14.73 at to 101.85 LMH. While for PVP, the PWF increased from 21.13 to 177.61 LMH. The membrane morphology showed that all images showed the membranes were having asymmetric structure consisting of a dense top layer, a porous sublayer, and a small portion of sponge-like bottom layer. The top layer of the membrane consist of finger-like structure while at bottom layer  has macrovoid structure. With increasing the additive, the finger-like structure become longer to the bottom  and macrovoid become smaller. The study found that PEG gives the optimum performance based on the result of rejection and flux permeation.

Experimental Investigation of Phase Change Phenomena in Nanofluids

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Madhusoodanan ◽  
V. Sajith ◽  
C. B. Sobhan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation

Thermophysical properties of water like the thermal conductivity, viscosity and the surface tension are observed to change by the addition of nanoparticles. The nature of the variation of these properties with the addition of nanoparticles is a topic of increasing research interest. Rate of evaporation at a liquid surface is affected by various factors, among which the surface tension is the most predominant, and inversely affects the rate of evaporation. The introduction of nano particles into a base fluid obviously makes changes in surface geometry, which in turns alters the surface tension and hence the rate of evaporation. The present experimental study deals with the evaporation of nanofluids, obtained by suspending metal oxide nanoparticles in water. The rate of evaporation was determined by precise measurement of the rate of loss of weight of the nanofluid upon heating, keeping other parameters constant. Experiments with pure water and suspension of aluminum oxide nanoparticles showed that the rate of evaporation of the nanofluid is less compared to that of water, though a definite trend in the variation of the rate of evaporation with respect to the dosing level of nanoparticles was not found to exist. The surface tension is measured using the capillary rise method, which was observed to increase with nanoparticle addition without showing any clear functional relation with the nanoparticle dosing level. Distillation of nanofluids using standard apparatus also indicated a decrease in the evaporation rate with the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Polymer-Modified Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12913
Author(s):  
Nan-Fu Chen ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Liao ◽  
Pei-Ying Lin ◽  
Wu-Fu Chen ◽  
Zhi-Hong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Negative Surface Charge

The proliferation of drug-resistant pathogens continues to increase, giving rise to serious public health concerns. Many researchers have formulated metal oxide nanoparticles for use as novel antibacterial agents. In the present study, copper oxide (CuO) was synthesized by simple hydrothermal synthesis, and doping was performed to introduce different polymers onto the NP surface for bacteriostasis optimization. The polymer-modified CuO NPs were analyzed further with XRD, FTIR, TEM, DLS and zeta potential to study their morphology, size, and the charge of the substrate. The results indicate that polymer-modified CuO NPs had a significantly higher bacteriostatic rate than unmodified CuO NPs. In particular, polydopamine (PDA)-modified CuO (CuO-PDA) NPs, which carry a weakly negative surface charge, exhibited excellent antibacterial effects, with a bacteriostatic rate of up to 85.8 ± 0.2% within 3 h. When compared to other polymer-modified CuO NPs, CuO-PDA NPs exhibited superior bacteriostatic activity due to their smaller size, surface charge, and favorable van der Waals interactions. This may be attributed to the fact that the CuO-PDA NPs had relatively lipophilic structures at pH 7.4, which increased their affinity for the lipopolysaccharide-containing outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Initiated Cross–linking in Hybrid Nylon 66 Membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Mohammad ◽  
A. Linggawati ◽  
Z. Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scanning Electron

Electron beam (EB) irradiation at dose of 80 kGy in air has been used as a cross–linking initiator in hybrid nylon 66 membranes to improve the properties and performance of the membrane for separation processes. The cross–linking was characterized by gel content, swelling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal stability. Membrane performance was investigated by pure water permeation and by rejection of raffinose and vitamin B12. The results showed that the EB irradiation successfully initiated cross–linking in hybrid nylon 66 membranes.

Effect of pH on Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Solution to Polysulfone-based Membrane

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Nabilah Aminudin ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
Muhammad Zaini Yunos ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
Goh Pei Sean
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane ◽  
Bsa Rejection

In this work, polysulfone (PSf) flat sheet membrane was prepared via phase inversion technique. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive on membrane performance were observed and investigated. The membrane permeation was evaluated in terms of pure water flux (PWF) and solute rejection at different pHs (pH 3, pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was used to study the performance of the prepared membrane. Results showed that the increase of PEG concentration led to higher PWF. This is due to PEG role as a pore forming agent in casting solution. The PWF was found to increase up to 101.85 LMH at 5% PEG. However, the PWF decrease when the PEG concentration is increased up to 7% and 9%. Similarly, flux rate at different pH showed the same plot as PWF. At pH 9, the PWF is high compared to pH 3, pH 5 and pH 7. The BSA rejection data at pH 3 and pH 5 shows the high rejection compared to pH 7 and pH 9. No significant changes were observed when PEG concentration was increased. As a conclusion, the addition of PEG has improved the performance of membrane in terms of PWF at a certain percentage (with the highest was given at 5%) of PSf membrane. It is also evidenced that the % of BSA rejection increased with decreasing pH.

Antiulcerogenic activity of Yttrium and Copper oxide nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1803-1807
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar S ◽  
Ramesh A
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antiulcerogenic Activity ◽  
Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles

Gastric ulcer is an excavation of mucosa and extending to submucosal layers due to increased gastric secretion, generation of free radicals and imbalance between protective factors and aggravating factors. The present study aimed to screen yttrium and copper oxide nanoparticles for antiulcerogenic activity. Metal oxide nanoparticles were evaluated for various biological activities considering their high surface area to volume ratio, different oxidative states, cell permeability etc. Various studies have proved metal oxide nanoparticles to be beneficial in various ailments due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and other pharmacological activities. Nanoparticles prepared using biogenic methods were relatively more biocompatible and less toxic compared to conventional methods of synthesis. In the present study, green synthesized yttrium and copper oxide nanoparticles were evaluated for acute toxicity, antioxidant, proton pump inhibition and antiulcerogenic activity. In vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, nitric oxide scavenging methods and H+K+ATPase assay was performed to evaluate the mechanism of action. Synthesized nanoparticles have shown no signs of acute toxicity as per OECD 423. Pyloric ligation method was performed to evaluate gastric volume, pH and ulcer severity. The present study revealed the dose-dependent antiulcer potential of yttrium oxide nanoparticles at doses of 2mg/kg and 20mg/kg. Antisecretory action of yttrium and copper oxides were evident from in vitro H+K+ATPase activity and inhibition of gastric volume. Antioxidant activities of yttrium oxide nanoparticles indicate gastric mucosal protection by free radical scavenging action. Copper oxide nanoparticles produced antisecretory activity but produced mucosal damage and hemorrhage at a dose of 20mg/kg.

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