Study of Human Driving Skill in Expected and Guided Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirah ‘Aisha Badrul Hisham ◽  
Mohamad Hafis Izran Ishak ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nurul Hawani Idris
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Machine Operation ◽  
Driving Skill ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Definition Of

This day, Human Machine System (HMS) consider being a proven technology, which has gained an important role in various human activities. One of the most recent developments in this area is Human Adaptive Mechatronics (HAM) approach for enhancing human skills. This approach therefore is different compared to an ordinary HMS, in terms of its ability to adapt to changes in its environment and in the human changing level of skills. The crucial issue in HAM is in evaluating the human skills level on machine operation. In this paper, a skill index to quantify the performance of human drivers is studied in expected and guided conditions. The experiments are carried out on human subjects in normal driving. From this experiment, a new skill index formula is proposed based on the logical conditions and the definition of skill in HAM.

scholarly journals Revisiting Electrochemical Biosensing in the 21st Century Society for Inflammatory Cytokines Involved in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiac, Viral and Cancer Diseases

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Susana Campuzano ◽  
Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño ◽  
José Manuel Pingarrón
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Cancer Diseases

The multifaceted key roles of cytokines in immunity and inflammatory processes have led to a high clinical interest for the determination of these biomolecules to be used as a tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of several diseases of great current relevance (autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiac, viral and cancer diseases, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes). Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of cytokine biomarkers in body fluids, cells and tissues has attracted considerable attention. However, many currently available techniques used for this purpose, although sensitive and selective, require expensive equipment and advanced human skills and do not meet the demands of today’s clinic in terms of test time, simplicity and point-of-care applicability. In the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical methodologies, electrochemical biosensing is steadily gaining ground as a strategy suitable to develop simple, low-cost methods, with the ability for multiplexed and multiomics determinations in a short time and requiring a small amount of sample. This review article puts forward electrochemical biosensing methods reported in the last five years for the determination of cytokines, summarizes recent developments and trends through a comprehensive discussion of selected strategies, and highlights the challenges to solve in this field. Considering the key role demonstrated in the last years by different materials (with nano or micrometric size and with or without magnetic properties), in the design of analytical performance-enhanced electrochemical biosensing strategies, special attention is paid to the methods exploiting these approaches.

scholarly journals The evolving definition of salivary gland stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rocchi ◽  
Lara Barazzuol ◽  
Rob P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Research Field ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractDysfunction of the salivary gland and irreversible hyposalivation are the main side effects of radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer leading to a drastic decrease of the quality of life of the patients. Approaches aimed at regenerating damaged salivary glands have been proposed as means to provide long-term restoration of tissue function in the affected patients. In studies to elucidate salivary gland regenerative mechanisms, more and more evidence suggests that salivary gland stem/progenitor cell behavior, like many other adult tissues, does not follow that of the hard-wired professional stem cells of the hematopoietic system. In this review, we provide evidence showing that several cell types within the salivary gland epithelium can serve as stem/progenitor-like cells. While these cell populations seem to function mostly as lineage-restricted progenitors during homeostasis, we indicate that upon damage specific plasticity mechanisms might be activated to take part in regeneration of the tissue. In light of these insights, we provide an overview of how recent developments in the adult stem cell research field are changing our thinking of the definition of salivary gland stem cells and their potential plasticity upon damage. These new perspectives may have important implications on the development of new therapeutic approaches to rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation.

scholarly journals XML schema metrics for quality evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Pusnik ◽  
Marjan Hericko ◽  
Zoran Budimac ◽  
Bostjan Sumak
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Xml Schema ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Schema Development ◽  
Quality Aspect ◽  
Definition Of

In XML Schema development, the quality of XML Schemas is a crucial issue for further steps in the life cycle of an application, closely correlated with the structure of XML Schemas and different building blocks. Current research focuses on measuring complexity of XML Schemas and mainly do not consider other quality aspects. This paper proposes a novel quality measuring approach, based on existing software engineering metrics, additionally defining quality aspect of XML Schemas in the following steps: (1) definition of six schema quality aspects, (2) adoption of 25 directly measurable XML Schema variables, (3) proposition of six composite metrics, applying 25 measured variables and (4) composite metrics validation. An experiment using 250 standard XML Schemas collected from available e-business information systems was conducted. The results illustrate influence of XML Schema characteristics on its quality and evaluate applicability of metrics in the measurement process, a useful tool for software developers while building or adopting XML Schemas.

scholarly journals Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 353-368
Author(s):  
Dario Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

“Zoosemiotics” was introduced in 1963 by Thomas Albert Sebeok, initially as a compromise between ethological and semiotic research. In the beginning, Sebeok was convinced that “zoosemiotics” had to be used mostly as an umbrella term, uniting different scholarly approaches to animal communication). In the light of its most recent developments, a synthetic definition of zoosemiotics can be today that of the study of semiosis within and across animal species.

scholarly journals From symptomatic to pre-symptomatic patient: the tide of personal genomics

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. C03
Author(s):  
Marina Levina ◽  
Roswell Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Personal Genomics ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Marketing Social ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consumer Marketing

Personal Genomics Companies are an emerging form of biotechnology startup that bring rapidly advancing whole genome technologies to a variety of commercial venues. With a combination of direct-to-consumer marketing, social media, and Web 2.0 applications these companies seek to create novel uses, including entertainment, for what is described as predictive medicine – that is the use of genetic marketers to create health forecasts that would allow individual’s healthcare to be tailored to their individual genomic data. In this brief piece, the authors use a critical cultural approach to question how this combination of genomics research, marketing, and communications technologies may alter both patient experiences and research processes. In it we argue these companies radically expand the definition of a patient by claiming all consumers are simply pre-symptomatic patients. Moreover, by placing genomic data on both the marketplace and cyberspace, personal genomic companies seek to create new avenues of research that alter how we define (and access) research agendas and human subjects. Therefore, beyond commonly discussed issues of ethics and privacy rights, Personal Genomics has the potential to alter both healthcare priorities and distribution.

Signal Recovery by Linear Estimation

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-385
Author(s):  
John Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Computable Analysis ◽  
Signal Recovery ◽  
Linear Estimation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Computable Sequence ◽  
Informal Description

This chapter develops the basic results of computability theory, many of which are about noncomputable sequences and sets, with the goal of revealing the limits of computable analysis. Two of the key examples are a bounded computable sequence of rational numbers whose limit is not computable, and a computable tree with no computable infinite path. Computability is an unusual mathematical concept, because it is most easily used in an informal way. One often talks about it in terms of human activities, such as making lists, rather than by applying a precise definition. Nevertheless, there is a precise definition of computability, so this informal description of computations can be formalized.

Unintended consequences of prohibiting advocacy of hatred and regulating campaign finance: The weakening status of freedom of speech in Israel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barak Medina
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
State Neutrality ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constitutional Identity

Abstract A central dilemma in human rights law is how to reconcile the government’s duty to respect freedom with its obligation to protect individuals that might be harmed by the exercise of said freedom. Intolerance toward the dissemination of certain illiberal positions may have adverse social and political unintended results. One central concern is that such a policy would create a common culture that does not appreciate the critical importance of a vibrant public discourse. As such, it might enable governments, in terms of popular legitimacy, to curtail speech beyond the limits of justifiable infringements. Recent developments in Israel illustrate this concern. In recent years, normatively legitimate antiracism legislation was unjustifiably expanded by imposing sanctions on expressions that were deemed harmful to national sentiments or questioning the legitimacy of Israel’s Constitutional Identity as a Jewish state. Similarly, laws against the support of terrorism were followed by prohibitions on advocating boycotts against Israel. This Article proposes to halt the sociological slippery-slope trend of curtailing speech far and beyond the permissible scope of such a policy, by implementing rules-based legal doctrines that may foster a stronger public pressure on the government to protect free speech; restricting the scope of “harm-in-one-step” approach; and providing a clearer definition of the requirement of state neutrality in the context of regulating speech.

Recht, Strafrecht und Sozialmoral

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Lüderssen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

AbstractIt is shown by means of four examples that the demarcation between law and morals has become problematical. The study of more recent developments in ethics and in law indicates that in both fields the relevance of discourse and consent has grown. Though both law and morals aim at agreement their degree of dependance on it differs. The definition of law and morals suggested in this article is based on this view. Legitimate law consists of norms, which besides fulfilling other conditions have attained a certain degree of consent. On the other hand one can only talk of social morals when a very high degree of consent has been reached. The consequences of this definition are explained by means of the examples presented at the beginning.

The enactive approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Froese ◽  
Ezequiel A. Di Paolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Personal Action ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Applications

There is a small but growing community of researchers spanning a spectrum of disciplines which are united in rejecting the still dominant computationalist paradigm in favor of the enactive approach. The framework of this approach is centered on a core set of ideas, such as autonomy, sense-making, emergence, embodiment, and experience. These concepts are finding novel applications in a diverse range of areas. One hot topic has been the establishment of an enactive approach to social interaction. The main purpose of this paper is to serve as an advanced entry point into these recent developments. It accomplishes this task in a twofold manner: (i) it provides a succinct synthesis of the most important core ideas and arguments in the theoretical framework of the enactive approach, and (ii) it uses this synthesis to refine the current enactive approach to social interaction. A new operational definition of social interaction is proposed which not only emphasizes the cognitive agency of the individuals and the irreducibility of the interaction process itself, but also the need for jointly co-regulated action. It is suggested that this revised conception of ‘socio-cognitive interaction’ may provide the necessary middle ground from which to understand the confluence of biological and cultural values in personal action.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document