SOLIDIFICATION OF WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE (WTS) BY CALCIUM CARBONATE POWDER (CCP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurliyana, I. ◽  
Fadzil, M. A. ◽  
Saman, H. M. ◽  
Hanim, N. K. ◽  
Choong, W. K.
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
High Energy Level ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
Landfill Disposal

Water treatment sludge (WTS) is a problematic waste produced from water treatment processes. WTS contains high in organic (e.g. nutrients) and inorganic (e.g. heavy metals) pollutants. There are many treatments of sludge. Current treatments of sludge are either by chemical, physical or biological treatments. However, the treatments require high energy level and expensive. Therefore, solidification method is introduced since the production of WTS is increasing. Solidification able to transform the physical forms of the sludge and depends on the type of binder used. In this study, calcium carbonate powder (CCP) was introduced as a binder to solidify WTS. The objectives of this study are to investigate the potential of CCP as binder in solidifying WTS and to obtain the optimum percentage of CCP as cement replacement material to solidify WTS. CCP was used to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The solidified WTS was cured under water curing for 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The effectiveness of using CCP as binder to solidify WTS was evaluated based on the compressive strength values.  Results showed that the compressive strength of solidified WTS increased with increasing curing days. However, the compressive strength of solidified WTS was reduced proportionally with the increasing percentage replacement of OPC with CCP. In conclusion, 40% CCP contains in C5 was the optimum CCP replacement percentage. The 28-day compressive strength value of C5 was 0.62 N/mm2 and the value was exceeded the minimum allowable landfill disposal limit which is 0.34 N/mm2. 

About the Possibility of Recycling Water Treatment Sludge in the Wood–Cement Composites Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Zh.A. Sapronova ◽  
S.V. Sverguzova ◽  
A.V. Svyatchenko
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Sorption Material ◽  
Industrial Machine ◽  
Wood Cement Composites

The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of recycling water treatment sludge in the production of wood-cement composites. Sludge is formed during the treatment of sewage, containing industrial machine oil, with a sorption material, based on thermally modified chestnut tree waste (CTW). It was found that the addition of sludge leads to an increase in the density of the samples. Thus, the samples without the addition of sludge have an average density of 860 kg/m3, samples with the addition of sludge in an amount of 10 mass% - 875 kg/m3, 20 mass% - 879 kg/m3, 30 mass% - 882 kg/m3, 42 mass % - 887 kg/m3. Studies of the change in water absorption of samples, depending on the amount of sludge added, showed that the values slightly decrease for samples containing sludge, what is explained by the presence of oil in the mixture. The compressive strength of the samples with the addition of sludge in the amount of 42 mass% was 3.1 MPa, what corresponds to the regulatory requirements for a wood cement composites.

PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE (WTS)-CLAY BRICKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Asri Md Nor ◽  
Alia Syafiqah Abdul Hamed ◽  
Faisal Hj Ali ◽  
Ong Keat Khim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
And Performance

Every year, large quantity of water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced from water treatment plant in Malaysia. Sanitary landfill disposal of sludge at authorized sites is the common practice in Malaysia. However, searching the suitable site for landfill is the major problem as the amount of sludge produced keeps on increasing. Reuse of the sludge could be an alternative to disposal. This study investigated the reusability of WTS as brick making material. The performance of clay-WTS bricks produced by mixing clay with different percentages of WTS with increments of 20% from 0% up to 100% was investigated. Each molded brick with optimum moisture content was pressed under constant pressure, oven-dried at 100˚C for 24 hours followed by heating at 600˚C for 2 hours and 1000˚C for 3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were used to characterize clay, WTS and clay-WTS bricks.  The performance of the bricks were evaluated with firing shrinkage, loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, bulk density, and compressive strength tests. Increasing the sludge content results in a decrease of brick firing shrinkage, and increase of water absorption and compressive strength. The results revealed that the brick with 100% by weight of sludge could generate the highest compressive strength of 17.123N/mm2. It can be concluded that the bricks with 20 to 100% of water treatment sludge comply with the Malaysian Standard MS7.6:1972, which can fulfill the general requirement for usage of clay bricks in wall construction.

Compressive strength development in fly ash geopolymer masonry units manufactured from water treatment sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherdsak Suksiripattanapong ◽  
Suksun Horpibulsuk ◽  
Pimsin Chanprasert ◽  
Patimapon Sukmak ◽  
Arul Arulrajah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
Compressive Strength Development ◽  
Masonry Units

Effect of Using Flue-Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Water Treatment Sludge on Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Weerawan Chalermsakulkit ◽  
Nuta Supakata
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
Fgd Gypsum

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a material that is widely used in construction. The production of OPC creates large amounts of carbon dioxide. Mortar is one of the building materials that uses cement as the main ingredient, including the use of natural sand as a fine aggregate. Therefore, to reduce the use of cement and natural materials, flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum was used instead of OPC, and water treatment sludge (WTS) was used instead of fine sand to create cement mortar. This research used both materials as ingredients in the production of cement mortar and helped to reduce waste in the environment. The objective is to study the suitable ratios of FGD gypsum and WTS in the production of cement mortar. As for the binder, FGD gypsum was used instead of OPC at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Instead of fine sand, WTS was used at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The cement mortar was tested after 7 days for compressive strength. It was found that the cement mortar made with increased ratios of FGD gypsum and WTS decreased in compressive strength.

Effect of Activated Water Treatment Sludge on Carbonation of Mortar

2013 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge

Activated water treatment sludge (AWTS) is a newly developed environmentally friendly blending material that contains 12CaO•7Al2O3 and C2S as cementitious minerals. In order to evaluation service performance of AWTS blended cement, carbonation characteristic and microstructure of mortar incorporating 20 wt. % AWTS was studied in present paper. Increasing with carbonated time prolonging under standard test condition, carbonation performance of mortar specimens achieved quality index of class T-Ⅳ of Chinese construction code JGJ/T 193-2009. Compressive strength of carbonated mortar had a little rise compared to controlled mortar cured at standard condition for 28 days. Portlandite reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcite and, calcite reacts with aluminate minerals to form monocarboaluminate. This was confirmed by SEM observation. AWTS has no disadvantageous effect on carbonation of Portland cement. More aluminate in the blended cement resulted in monocarboaluminate type AFm formation. ATWS can be employed as blending material for modern cement industry.

scholarly journals Investigation on mixture design of one-part geopolymer from fly ash and water treatment sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Vuong Ho ◽  
Aileen Orbecido ◽  
Michael A. Promentilla
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Water Treatment Sludge ◽  
Alkali Activator ◽  
High Alkali

This study presents a one-part geopolymer system from coal fly ash and water treatment sludge. Geopolymer is typically produced from two parts namely the aluminosilicate solids, which is typically sourced out from industrial by-product, and an alkali activator solution which reacts with aluminosilicate solids to form an inorganic polymeric network. For a one-part geopolymer system, the solid binder with activators will just be added with water to address the drawback of corrosive and viscous alkali activator solution. Formulation of the proportion of geopolymer precursors with the two solid alkali activators namely sodium hydroxide and sodium aluminate was conducted using statistical mixture design. Effects of each components as well as interactions between them were evaluated by step-wise regression analysis. It was found that high alkali content decreased the compressive strength of binder. Meanwhile, the incorporation of sludge in this system helps reduce the unit weight of samples. Multiple response surface analysis that maximized compressive strength and minimized unit weight resulted in the optimal combination of 18.9% sludge, 76.1% fly ash and 5.0% NaOH.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

Water Treatment Considerations–Aquatic Humus

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
E T Gjessing
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aquatic Humus ◽  
Treatment Considerations

For several reasons the surface waters in cold climate areas are coloured due to humic substances. There are two major objections against humus in drinking water, the first is concerned with aesthetical and practical problems and the second is due to indirect negative health effects. There are essentially three different methods in use today for the removal or reduction of humus colour in water: (1) Addition of chemicals with the intention of reducing the “solubility”, (2) Addition of chemicals in order to bleach or mineralize the humus, and (3) Filtration with the intention of removal of coloured particles and some of the “soluble” colour. The treatment processes are discussed.

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