scholarly journals Using PLIN proteins to explain the athlete's paradox

2017 ◽  
Vol 595 (22) ◽  
pp. 6819-6820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Greg L. McKie
Keyword(s):  
Athlete’S Paradox

PS7 - 40. High IMCL turnover may explain the athlete’s paradox

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Sparks ◽  
Ruth C.R. Meex ◽  
Esther Phielix ◽  
Esther Moonen-Kornips ◽  
Gert Schaart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athlete’S Paradox

501-P: Lower Plasma Membrane Sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol Content and PKCepsilon/theta Activity Explain the Athlete’s Paradox

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 501-P
Author(s):  
RAFAEL C. GASPAR ◽  
KUN LYU ◽  
BRANDON T. HUBBARD ◽  
BROOKS LEITNER ◽  
PANU LUUKKONEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox

scholarly journals Distinct lipid droplet characteristics and distribution unmask the apparent contradiction of the athlete's paradox

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Daemen ◽  
Anne Gemmink ◽  
Bram Brouwers ◽  
Ruth C.R. Meex ◽  
Peter R. Huntjens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox

scholarly journals Lipid droplets contribute myogenic differentiation in C2C12 by promoting the remodeling of the acstin-filament

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Tan ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Pengxiang Zhao ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Zhuqing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
C2c12 Myoblast ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Myoblast Cells ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractLipid droplet (LD), a multi-functional organelle, is found in most eukaryotic cells. LDs participate in the regulation of many cellular processes including proliferation, stress, and apoptosis. Previous studies showed the athlete’s paradox that trained athletes accumulate LDs in their skeletal muscle. However, the impact of LDs on skeletal muscle and myogenesis is not clear. We discovered that C2C12 myoblast cells containing more LDs formed more multinucleated muscle fibers. We also discovered that LDs promoted cell migration and fusion by promoting actin-filaments remodeling. Mechanistically, two LD-proteins, Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 (ACSL3) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), medicated the recruitment of actinin proteins which contributed to actin-filaments formation on the surface of LDs. During remodeling, the actinin proteins on LDs surface translocated to actin-filaments via ARF1/COPI vesicles. Our study demonstrate LDs contribute to cell differentiation, which lead to new insight into the LD function.

Unraveling the Athlete’s Paradox—Higher Insulin Sensitivity and Lower PKC? Activation Despite Higher Bioactive Lipids in Endurance-Trained Athletes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 267-LB
Author(s):  
DOMINIK PESTA ◽  
EVRIM ANADOL-SCHMITZ ◽  
SOFIYA GANCHEVA ◽  
DANIEL F. MARKGRAF ◽  
OANA P. ZAHARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox ◽  
Pkc Activation

scholarly journals Intramuscular triglyceride synthesis: importance in muscle lipid partitioning in humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. E152-E164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan C. Bergman ◽  
Leigh Perreault ◽  
Allison Strauss ◽  
Samantha Bacon ◽  
Anna Kerege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Lipid Desaturation ◽  
Intramuscular Triglyceride ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox

Intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) concentration is elevated in insulin-resistant individuals and was once thought to promote insulin resistance. However, endurance-trained athletes have equivalent concentration of IMTG compared with individuals with type 2 diabetes, and have very low risk of diabetes, termed the “athlete’s paradox.” We now know that IMTG synthesis is positively related to insulin sensitivity, but the exact mechanisms for this are unclear. To understand the relationship between IMTG synthesis and insulin sensitivity, we measured IMTG synthesis in obese control subjects, endurance-trained athletes, and individuals with type 2 diabetes during rest, exercise, and recovery. IMTG synthesis rates were positively related to insulin sensitivity, cytosolic accumulation of DAG, and decreased accumulation of C18:0 ceramide and glucosylceramide. Greater rates of IMTG synthesis in athletes were not explained by alterations in FFA concentration, DGAT1 mRNA expression, or protein content. IMTG synthesis during exercise in Ob and T2D indicate utilization as a fuel despite unchanged content, whereas IMTG concentration decreased during exercise in athletes. mRNA expression for genes involved in lipid desaturation and IMTG synthesis were increased after exercise and recovery. Further, in a subset of individuals, exercise decreased cytosolic and membrane di-saturated DAG content, which may help explain insulin sensitization after acute exercise. These data suggest IMTG synthesis rates may influence insulin sensitivity by altering intracellular lipid localization, and decreasing specific ceramide species that promote insulin resistance.

Exploring the “Athlete’s Paradox”

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Cabre ◽  
Casey E. Greenwalt ◽  
Lacey M. Gould ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athlete’S Paradox

scholarly journals Exercise-induced alterations in intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance: the athlete's paradox revisited

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. E882-E888 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Dubé ◽  
Francesca Amati ◽  
Maja Stefanovic-Racic ◽  
Frederico G. S. Toledo ◽  
Sarah E. Sauers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox

We previously reported an “athlete's paradox” in which endurance-trained athletes, who possess a high oxidative capacity and enhanced insulin sensitivity, also have higher intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderate exercise training would increase IMCL, oxidative capacity of muscle, and insulin sensitivity in previously sedentary overweight to obese, insulin-resistant, older subjects. Twenty-five older (66.4 ± 0.8 yr) obese (BMI = 30.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) men ( n = 9) and women ( n = 16) completed a 16-wk moderate but progressive exercise training program. Body weight and fat mass modestly but significantly ( P < 0.01) decreased. Insulin sensitivity, measured using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, was increased (21%, P = 0.02), with modest improvements (7%, P = 0.04) in aerobic fitness (V̇o2peak). Histochemical analyses of IMCL (Oil Red O staining), oxidative capacity [succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH)], glycogen content, capillary density, and fiber type were performed on skeletal muscle biopsies. Exercise training increased IMCL by 21%. In contrast, diacylglycerol and ceramide, measured by mass spectroscopy, were decreased ( n = 13; −29% and −24%, respectively, P < 0.05) with exercise training. SDH (19%), glycogen content (15%), capillary density (7%), and the percentage of type I slow oxidative fibers (from 50.8 to 55.7%), all P ≤ 0.05, were increased after exercise. In summary, these results extend the athlete's paradox by demonstrating that chronic exercise in overweight to obese older adults improves insulin sensitivity in conjunction with favorable alterations in lipid partitioning and an enhanced oxidative capacity within muscle. Therefore, several key deleterious effects of aging and/or obesity on the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle can be reversed with only moderate increases in physical activity.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Lipid Droplets and the Athlete’s Paradox

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehan Li ◽  
Zemin Li ◽  
Minghua Zhao ◽  
Yingxi Nie ◽  
Pingsheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Lipid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Athlete’S Paradox ◽  
The Relationship

The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle enveloped by a monolayer phospholipid membrane with a core of neutral lipids, which is conserved from bacteria to humans. The available evidence suggests that the LD is essential to maintaining lipid homeostasis in almost all organisms. As a consequence, LDs also play an important role in pathological metabolic processes involving the ectopic storage of neutral lipids, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, steatosis, and obesity. The degree of insulin resistance in T2DM patients is positively correlated with the size of skeletal muscle LDs. Aerobic exercise can reduce the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases. However, trained athletes accumulate lipids in their skeletal muscle, and LD size in their muscle tissue is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. This phenomenon is called the athlete’s paradox. This review will summarize previous studies on the relationship between LDs in skeletal muscle and metabolic diseases and will discuss the paradox at the level of LDs.

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