scholarly journals Mammary and whole animal metabolism of glucose and fatty acids in fasting lactating goats

1968 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Annison ◽  
J. L. Linzell ◽  
C. E. West
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Animal Metabolism

scholarly journals Inclusion of rapeseed and pumpkin seed cakes in diets for Murciano-Granadina goats alters the fatty acid profile of milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
I.M. Boldea ◽  
C. Dragomir ◽  
M.A. Gras ◽  
M. Ropotă
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Lactating Goats

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of including oil-rich feedstuffs in diets for lactating goats on the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, namely a control diet (CTRL), a diet based on whole rapeseed (RS), and a diet based on pumpkin seed cake (PSC). The diets were composed of 1 kg hay (70 % Italian ryegrass, 30% alfalfa) and 1.24 kg concentrate, and were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Milk yield and its contents of protein, fat and lactose did not differ significantly among the groups. However, including oil-rich feeds in the diet altered the fatty acid profile of the milk significantly, decreasing its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and increasing its content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Effects on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the n-6 to n-3 ratio depended on the source of dietary lipids. The PSC augmented diet increased the relative amount of PUFAs and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in milk (+25 %) significantly In comparison with CTRL, whereas the RS diet produced a limited and statistically insignificant increase (+7.5%). The concentration of CLA was higher in milk from does fed the PSC diet, whereas the n-6 to n-3 ratio was lower in milk from does fed RS. These preliminary results form the basis for developing premium dairy products that are enriched in fatty acids that are more favourable for human health.

scholarly journals Lipid metabolism. Evidence of a δ-oxidation pathway for saturated fatty acids

1969 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Dimick ◽  
N. J. Walker ◽  
Stuart Patton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Lipids ◽  
Active Intermediates

1. Specific radioactivities of milk triglyceride fatty acids and γ- and δ-hydroxy fatty acids were measured after the intramammary infusion of [1−14C]acetate, δ-hydroxy[1−14C]laurate and [1−14C]laurate as their sodium salts into fed lactating goats. 2. Net incorporations of the radioactive tracer into the total milk lipids were comparable, being 16, 17 and 21% of the label infused respectively. 3. The specific radioactivities of the C4–C8 fatty acids after [1−14C]acetate infusion were lower than those of the C10–C14 fatty acids. 4. After δ-hydroxy[1−14C]laurate administration the milk triglyceride fatty acids were labelled and their specific radioactivities were characterized by decreasing values with increasing chain length of the fatty acids, implicating C4 unit incorporation. 5. The γ- and δ-hydroxy fatty acids isolated after [1−14C]laurate infusion were highly labelled and the milk triglyceride fatty acids, other than laurate, exhibited a labelling pattern similar to that of the fatty acids derived from the radioactive δ-hydroxy fatty acid. 6. Evidence is presented for the existence of saturated fatty acid δ-oxidation in the mammary gland, in which the γ- and δ-hydroxy fatty acids are active intermediates.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition in dairy goat milk in response to roughage diet

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Shizuo Torii ◽  
Júlio César Damasceno ◽  
Luciano da Rocha Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Shiguero Sakaguti ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics (density, pH, acidity, fat, protein, lactose and total of solids contents) and milk fatty acids composition (C: 4 to C: 20) in response to roughage sources (alfalfa hay T1; oat hay T2 and maize silage T3). Nine Saanen lactating goats were used, in a triple Youden square design (3 animals x 2 periods). There was no treatment effects in the physical-chemical variables in the univariate analyses; by multivariate analyses three distinct patterns of fatty acids could be defined: milk with greater quantity of short chain fatty acids and acids C17:1omega7 e C18:2omega6 (T1); milk with equivalent amounts of short, medium and long chain fatty acids (T2); and milk with greater amounts of acids C16:1omega7, C17:0, C18:1omega9 and C20:0 (T3). These results indicated that the roughage sources used in the diet of lactating dairy goats affected the fatty acids composition, without altering the milk physical-chemical characteristics. The acids more sensitive to the treatment effects were: C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1omega7, C18:0 and C18:3omega6.

Synthesis of milk fat from β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate in lactating goats

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Smith ◽  
S. McCarthy ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Lactating Goats

SummaryThe relative importance of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and acetate as precursors for milk-fat synthesis was studied in lactating goats by infusing separately tracer quantities of [3−14C]DL-BHBA and [1−14C]acetate into the jugular vein, and [1−14C]butyrate into the portal vein. The concentrations and specific radioactivities of blood plasma constituents, the yields and specific radioactivities of individual milk fatty acids and the relative radioactivities of individual carbon atoms of milk fatty acids were determined.The infusion of [1−14C]butyrate resulted in the appearance of labelled BHBA in the blood plasma which behaved almost identically with infused [14C]BHBA as a precursor for milk fatty acids.The relative radioactivity of carbon atoms of the fatty acids of milk fat following the infusions provided direct evidence that BHBA had provided an intact 4-carbon unit at the methyl end of each fatty-acid chain. Acetate provided 2-carbon units both for the elongation of the 4-carbon units and for complete de novo synthesis. BHBA also provided 2-carbon units which behaved in a similar fashion to those from acetate.Acetate and BHBA together accounted for all of the C4–C12 acids of milk fat, about 75% of the C14, 45% of the C16 and 10% of the C18.The total contributions of the various precursors to the fatty acids of milk fat were: acetate 42%, BHBA 9·4% and other plasma precursors (by difference) 48·6%.

scholarly journals The oxidation and utilization of palmitate, stearate, oleate and acetate by the mammary gland of the fed goat in relation to their overall metabolism, and the role of plasma phospholipids and neutral lipids in milk-fat synthesis

1967 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Annison ◽  
J. L. Linzell ◽  
S Fazakerley ◽  
B. W. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Long Chain

1. Measurements were made of milk yield, mammary blood flow and arteriovenous differences of each plasma lipid fraction, and their specific radioactivities, during the infusion of [U-(14)C]stearate, [U-(14)C]oleate, [U-(14)C]palmitate and [1-(14)C]acetate into fed lactating goats. 2. Entry rates of fatty acids into the circulation were 4.2mg./min./kg. body wt. for acetate, and 0.18, 0.28 and 0.42mg./min./kg. for stearate, oleate and palmitate respectively. Acetate accounted for 23% of the total carbon dioxide produced by the whole animal, and contributed to the oxidative metabolism of the mammary gland to about the same extent. Corresponding values for each of the long-chain acids were less than 1%. 3. There were no significant arteriovenous differences of phospholipids, sterols or sterol esters, and their fatty acid composition showed no net changes during passage through the mammary gland. 4. There were large arteriovenous differences of plasma triglycerides, and their fatty acid composition showed marked changes across the gland. The proportions of palmitate and stearate fell, and that of oleate increased. 5. Arteriovenous differences of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were small and variable, but a large fall in the specific radioactivity of each of the long-chain acids examined indicated substantial uptake of plasma FFA, accompanied by roughly equivalent FFA release from mammary tissue. The uptake of FFA was confirmed by the extensive transfer of radioactivity into milk. The FFA of milk were similar in composition and radioactivity to the milk triglyceride fatty acids, and quite unlike plasma FFA. 6. The formation of large amounts of oleic acid (18-21 mg./min.) from stearic acid was demonstrated. 7. During the terminal stages of the [(14)C]acetate infusion, milk triglyceride fatty acids of chain length C(4)-C(14) showed specific radioactivities that were 75-90% of that of blood acetate, and that of palmitate was roughly one-quarter of this value. Oleate and stearate were unlabelled. 8. The results confirmed that milk fatty acids of chain length C(4)-C(14) arise largely from blood acetate, and palmitate is derived partly from acetate and partly from plasma triglyceride, the latter fraction being almost the sole precursor of oleate and stearate.

RELEASE OF GROWTH HORMONE IN LACTATING AND NON-LACTATING GOATS IN RELATION TO BEHAVIOUR, STAGES OF SLEEP, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS, ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI AND LEVELS OF PROLACTIN, INSULIN, GLUCOSE AND FREE FATTY ACIDS IN THE CIRCULATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. TINDAL ◽  
G. S. KNAGGS ◽  
I. C. HART ◽  
LAURA A. BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Temperature Time

Recording electrodes were implanted in contact with the dura mater overlying the parietal cortex of six female goats, four of which were lactating. After recovery from surgery and complete familiarization with the housing conditions, the personnel and the recording technique, each goat was observed continuously for 24 h with simultaneous recording of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG). Remote blood sampling was carried out every 30 min without disturbing the animal. Apart from the release of growth hormone (GH) associated with morning milking in two of the goats, there was no consistent relationship between the apparently spontaneous, episodic release of GH and behaviour, stages of sleep, cortical EEG, air temperature, time of day or night, obvious environmental stimuli which arose from the normal husbandry routine, or the levels of prolactin, insulin, glucose or free fatty acids in the blood. There was also no relationship between the release of prolactin and the stages of sleep.

Dietary supplementation ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvensalters fatty acids of milk and rumen fluid in lactating goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1716-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Shivani ◽  
Anima Srivastava ◽  
Umesh K Shandilya ◽  
Vishnu Kale ◽  
Amrish K Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Lactating Goats

scholarly journals Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of Nannochloropsis oculata Microalgae

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2453
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Gouda A. Gouda ◽  
Hatem A. Hamdon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lactating Goats

Fat supplementation affects the lactational performance of goats and dramatically changes milk nutritive value. In the present experiment, two levels of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae, a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were studied in the diet of Nubian goats. Using quintuplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, fifteen lactating goats, (14 ± 2 months old and 33.0 ± 1.3 kg) after kidding, were randomly assigned into three treatments in an 84-d assay. Goats were offered a basal diet comprising berseem clover, wheat straw and concentrates in 3:2:5, respectively, (control treatment-no supplementation). The other two treatments were supplemented with N. oculata microalgae at 5 g (NOM5 treatment) or 10 g (NOM10 treatment)/doe/d. Without affecting intake, treatments improved (p < 0.01) nutrient digestibility. Supplementations had no effect on ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen, however, NOM5 and NOM10 linearly improved (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids and propionic acids. N. oculata supplementation linearly increased (p < 0.01) milk yield and lactose content. Supplementation reduced atherogenic index (p = 0.004) and enhanced the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and C20:5n3 (EPA). Conclusively, feeding Nubian goats on diet supplemented with N. oculata at 5 and 10 g improved milk production and the nutritive value. No improvements in the performance were observed when N. oculata dose was increased from 5 g to 10 g/doe; thus, 5 g dose is recommended for use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document