Physical-chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition in dairy goat milk in response to roughage diet

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics (density, pH, acidity, fat, protein, lactose and total of solids contents) and milk fatty acids composition (C: 4 to C: 20) in response to roughage sources (alfalfa hay T1; oat hay T2 and maize silage T3). Nine Saanen lactating goats were used, in a triple Youden square design (3 animals x 2 periods). There was no treatment effects in the physical-chemical variables in the univariate analyses; by multivariate analyses three distinct patterns of fatty acids could be defined: milk with greater quantity of short chain fatty acids and acids C17:1omega7 e C18:2omega6 (T1); milk with equivalent amounts of short, medium and long chain fatty acids (T2); and milk with greater amounts of acids C16:1omega7, C17:0, C18:1omega9 and C20:0 (T3). These results indicated that the roughage sources used in the diet of lactating dairy goats affected the fatty acids composition, without altering the milk physical-chemical characteristics. The acids more sensitive to the treatment effects were: C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1omega7, C18:0 and C18:3omega6.

Download Full-text

Supplementing different ratios of short- and medium-chain fatty acids to long-chain fatty acids in dairy cows: Changes of milk fat production and milk fatty acids composition

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2012-5356 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 2366-2373 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Y. Sun ◽

D.P. Bu ◽

J.Q. Wang ◽

H. Cui ◽

X.W. Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Long Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of seeds oil isolated from Camelina sativa (L) cultivated in Mongolia

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5564/mjc.v14i0.205 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B Chantsalnyam ◽

Ch Otgonbayar ◽

O Enkhtungalag ◽

P Odonmajig

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical

Camelina sativa L is a cruciferous oilseed plant. This plant is cultivated as an oilseed crop mainly in Europe and in North America and over the past years the cultivation has arranged in our country. The analyzed oil is obtained from the seeds of Camelina sativa L, growing in Bornuur, Tuv province. The goal of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of Camelina sativa L seed oil cultivated in Mongolia. According to our analysis total lipid was determined 38.52 %, moisture 4.80 % and total mineral elements 4.02 %, respectively. Mineral elements in Camelina sativa L seeds contain calcium (0.56 %), phosphorous (1.22 %), potassium (1.39 %), magnesium (0.53 %) in dominated amounts; iron, zinc, manganese and copper in trace amounts. Eight nonessential amino acids in seeds of this plant with total amount of 75.9 % were identified; phenylalanine was detected in highest amount among the all identified amino acids, while lysine, tryptophan and arginine are followed. The following characteristics in Camelina sativa seeds oil were determined. The refractive index was 1.4774 at 20°C, the peroxide value of fresh oil was 0.03 meq H2O2 /kg, saponification value 185.8 mg KOH/g, iodine value 143.33 g J2 and acidic value 6.27 mg KOH /g. Carotenoid was determined as 16.77 mg %, by spectrometry in Camelina sativa seeds oil. The analysis of fatty acids composition showed that there are 12.5 % saturated and 87.5 % unsaturated fatty acids. In particular, oleic acid (C18:1) 14.0 %, linoleic acid (C18:2) 9.0 %, α-linolenic acid (C18:3) 10.5 % and gondoic acid (C20:1) 32.8 %, were composed the major part of unsaturated fatty acids. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.205 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p80-83

Download Full-text

Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9040471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Guillermo Ripoll ◽

María Jesús Alcalde ◽

Anastasio Argüello ◽

María de Guía Córdoba ◽

Begoña Panea

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Milk Replacers ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

Download Full-text

A novel polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor encoding gene (OXTR) affects milk fatty acid composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029917000127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 170-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gianfranco Cosenza ◽

Nicolò P P Macciotta ◽

Anna Nudda ◽

Angelo Coletta ◽

Luigi Ramunno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Oxytocin Receptor ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

River Buffalo ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Mediterranean River

The oxytocin receptor, also known as OXTR, is a protein which functions as receptor for the hormone and neurotransmitter oxytocin and the complex oxytocin–oxytocin receptor plays an important role in the uterus during calving. A characterisation of the river buffalo OXTR gene, amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis is presented. The DNA regions of the OXTR gene spanning exons 1, 2 and 3 of ten Mediterranean river buffalo DNA samples were analysed and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found. We focused on the g.129C > T SNP detected in exon 3 and responsible for the amino acid replacement CGCArg > TGCCys in position 353. The relative frequency of T allele was of 0·257. An association study between this detected polymorphism and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo was carried out. The fatty acid composition traits, fatty acid classes and fat percentage of 306 individual milk samples were determined. Associations between OXTR g.129C > T genotype and milk fatty acids composition were tested using a mixed linear model. The OXTR CC genotype was found significantly associated with higher contents of odd branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) (P < 0·0006), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA n 3 and n 6) (P < 0·0032 and P < 0·0006, respectively), stearic acid (C18) (P < 0·02) and lower level of palmitic acid (C16) (P < 0·02). The results of this study suggest that the OXTR CC animals might be useful in selection toward the improvement of milk fatty acid composition.

Download Full-text

Relationship between milk odd and branched-chain fatty acids and urinary purine derivatives in dairy cows supplemented with quebracho tannins—A study to test milk fatty acids as predictors of rumen microbial protein synthesis

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Castro-Montoya ◽

A. Henke ◽

J. Molkentin ◽

K. Knappstein ◽

A. Susenbeth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Synthesis of milk fat from β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate in lactating goats

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900019609 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 175-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. H. Smith ◽

S. McCarthy ◽

J. A. F. Rook

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

De Novo ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Chain ◽

Lactating Goats

SummaryThe relative importance of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and acetate as precursors for milk-fat synthesis was studied in lactating goats by infusing separately tracer quantities of [3−14C]DL-BHBA and [1−14C]acetate into the jugular vein, and [1−14C]butyrate into the portal vein. The concentrations and specific radioactivities of blood plasma constituents, the yields and specific radioactivities of individual milk fatty acids and the relative radioactivities of individual carbon atoms of milk fatty acids were determined.The infusion of [1−14C]butyrate resulted in the appearance of labelled BHBA in the blood plasma which behaved almost identically with infused [14C]BHBA as a precursor for milk fatty acids.The relative radioactivity of carbon atoms of the fatty acids of milk fat following the infusions provided direct evidence that BHBA had provided an intact 4-carbon unit at the methyl end of each fatty-acid chain. Acetate provided 2-carbon units both for the elongation of the 4-carbon units and for complete de novo synthesis. BHBA also provided 2-carbon units which behaved in a similar fashion to those from acetate.Acetate and BHBA together accounted for all of the C4–C12 acids of milk fat, about 75% of the C14, 45% of the C16 and 10% of the C18.The total contributions of the various precursors to the fatty acids of milk fat were: acetate 42%, BHBA 9·4% and other plasma precursors (by difference) 48·6%.

Download Full-text

The effects of dietary lipids and roughage level on dairy goat performance, milk physicochemical composition, apparent transfer efficiency and biohydrogenation rate of milk fatty acids

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859620000568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (4) ◽

pp. 288-296

Author(s):

S. Büyükkılıç Beyzi ◽

M. Gorgulu ◽

H. R. Kutlu ◽

Y. Konca

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Dietary Lipids ◽

Transfer Efficiency ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Physicochemical Composition

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of fish or palm oil diets with different roughage levels on dairy performance, milk physicochemical composition and apparent transfer efficiency of fatty acids (FA) in goat milk. The experiment was conducted with 40 Aleppo goats with a mean parity of 2.53 ± 0.8 (multiparous), mean initial body weight of 47.23 kg and 25 ± 5 days in milk which were allocated to four (2 × 2) experimental diets with two oil sources (fish or palm oil) at 25.6 g/kg of dietary dry matter and forage levels (400 or 600 g/kg). The experimental data were analysed by repeated measures analysis, using the MIXED procedure. The concentrations of saturated FA decreased with high forage level and fish oil diets; however, the fish oil diets caused an increase in C14 saturated FA. Fish oil diets with high roughage levels more efficiently increased conjugated linoleic acid, n-6 (18 : 2), and n-3 (20 : 5). The apparent transfer efficiency of 18 : 1, 18 : 2, 18 : 3 and 20 : 5 decreased and the transfer efficiency of 22 : 6 increased with the use of fish oil in the diet. The roughage level did not affect the apparent transfer efficiency of 18 : 1 and 18 : 2, but the low roughage level increased the apparent transfer efficiency of 20 : 5. High roughage diets improved milk quality parameters through increasing eicosapentaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated FA and atherogenicity index, thus it was concluded that dietary roughage level could be considered as an important designator of milk quality when a supplement of fish oil and palm oil was supplied to goats.

Download Full-text

Mastitis in dairy goats from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: profiles of farms, risk factors and characterization of bactéria

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5698 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1742-1751 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Magna C. Lima ◽

Marina C.C. Souza ◽

Isis F. Espeschit ◽

Pedro A.C.C. Maciel ◽

Jéssica E. Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Production Chain ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: The Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais has a specialized goat milk production chain. Goat milk is superior in quality compared with milk of other domestic species, and the demand for milk and milk products for the public has increased. Data on dairy goat breeding in Minas Gerais are scarce and relatively old, and this lack of information has limited the implementation of prophylactic measures, especially for mastitis, which represents the biggest sanitary problem for dairy herds. The objective of this work was to characterize mastitis and bacteria associated with it in milking goats in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. It also causes socioeconomic problems and market issues for dairy goat farming. A total of 539 lactating goats were examined and 268 individual samples (one for teat) were collected from animals positive for strip cup test and/or the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Microbiological cultures were carried out on blood agar medium and the bacteria were subjected to phenotypic, genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.0% and the clinical prevalence was 2.8%. Bacterial multiplication was obtained in 62% of samples. One hundred eighty seven total bacteria were identified. The most common species identified was Staphylococcus aureus (60%), followed Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.1%,), Escherichia coli (6.9%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.9%) e Staphylococcus caprae (4.3%). Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus presented a profile of resistance to antimicrobials belonging to the beta-lactam class (penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin) in addition to tetracycline, in contrast to the other antimicrobials tested. Twelve percent of multidrug resistence (MDR) was found in five microregions. Among the bacteria with the highest prevalence of MDR, 38.5% were E. coli and 10.6% were S. aureus. The producers of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais are technicians who work with specialized dairy breeds and practise good management. However, some measures related to prophylaxis and control of diseases, such as vaccination, have low adherence or are not performed due to a lack of veterinary assistance. This is the first study focusing on this region, which is highly prominent in goat milk production in Brazil. It provides important information that can help in the implementation of measures for the prophylaxis and control of diseases, and for maintenance of a constant supply of products in sufficient quantities and of a quality suitable for the consumer population.

Download Full-text