Influence of Torpedo Piles Parameters When Assessing Final Penetration Depths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depths

scholarly journals Cross-Modality Imaging of Murine Tumor Vasculature—a Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia M. Zopf ◽  
Patrick Heimel ◽  
Stefan H. Geyer ◽  
Anoop Kavirayani ◽  
Susanne Reier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Vascular Imaging ◽  
Melanoma Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Vessel Network ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Single Tumor ◽  
Penetration Depths

AbstractTumor vasculature and angiogenesis play a crucial role in tumor progression. Their visualization is therefore of utmost importance to the community. In this proof-of-principle study, we have established a novel cross-modality imaging (CMI) pipeline to characterize exactly the same murine tumors across scales and penetration depths, using orthotopic models of melanoma cancer. This allowed the acquisition of a comprehensive set of vascular parameters for a single tumor. The workflow visualizes capillaries at different length scales, puts them into the context of the overall tumor vessel network and allows quantification and comparison of vessel densities and morphologies by different modalities. The workflow adds information about hypoxia and blood flow rates. The CMI approach includes well-established technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US), and modalities that are recent entrants into preclinical discovery such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM). This novel CMI platform establishes the feasibility of combining these technologies using an extensive image processing pipeline. Despite the challenges pertaining to the integration of microscopic and macroscopic data across spatial resolutions, we also established an open-source pipeline for the semi-automated co-registration of the diverse multiscale datasets, which enables truly correlative vascular imaging. Although focused on tumor vasculature, our CMI platform can be used to tackle a multitude of research questions in cancer biology.

Studies of the Kα X-ray spectra of low-density SiO2 aerogel induced by Ca projectiles for different penetration depths

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rzadkiewicz ◽  
O. Rosmej ◽  
A. Blazevic ◽  
V.P. Efremov ◽  
A. Gójska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sio2 Aerogel ◽  
Penetration Depths

scholarly journals Mixed-state penetration depths in s-wave and d-wave superconductors

1998 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
A.H. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mixed State ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Penetration Depths ◽  
D Wave

The penetration and ricochet of ogive-nosed rigid projectiles obliquely impacting metallic targets

2021 ◽  
pp. 204141962110377
Author(s):  
Yaniv Vayig ◽  
Zvi Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Oblique Impacts ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penetration Depths ◽  
Resistance To Penetration ◽  
Good Agreement

A large number of 3D numerical simulations were performed in order to follow the trajectory changes of rigid CRH3 ogive-nosed projectiles, impacting semi-infinite metallic targets at various obliquities. These trajectory changes are shown to be related to the threshold ricochet angles of the projectile/target pairs. These threshold angles are the impact obliquities where the projectiles end up moving in a path parallel to the target’s face. They were found to depend on a non-dimensional entity which is equal to the ratio between the target’s resistance to penetration and the dynamic pressure exerted by the projectile upon impact. Good agreement was obtained by comparing simulation results for these trajectory changes with experimental data from several published works. In addition, numerically-based relations were derived for the penetration depths of these ogive-nosed projectiles at oblique impacts, which are shown to agree with the simulation results.

Mechanical Anisotropy of Individual Osteons in Bone Tissue at High Spatial Resolutions

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Carnelli ◽  
Haimin Yao ◽  
Ming Dao ◽  
Pasquale Vena ◽  
Roberto Contro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Haversian Canal ◽  
Maximum Penetration ◽  
Fundamental Units ◽  
Anisotropy Of Mechanical Properties ◽  
Penetration Depths ◽  
Secondary Osteons ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Secondary osteons, the fundamental units of cortical bone, consist of cylindrical lamellar composites composed of mineralized collagen fibrils. Due to its lamellar structure, a multiscale knowledge of the mechanical properties of cortical bone is required to understand the biomechanical function of the tissue. In this light, nanoindentation tests were performed along the axial and transverse directions following a radial path from the Haversian canal to the osteonal edges. Different length scales are explored by means of indentations at different maximum penetration depths. Indentation moduli and hardness data were then interpreted in the context of the known microstructure. Results suggest that secondary osteons hierarchical structure is responsible for an observed length scale effect, homogenization phenomena and anisotropy of mechanical properties.

scholarly journals PULL-OUT RESISTANCE OF SELF-TAPPING SCREWS IN CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER MADE FROM RADIATA PINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Mahmud Ashraf ◽  
Mahbube Subhani ◽  
Paul Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
Penetration Depths

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is now considered a viable alternative to traditional construction materials both in mid-rise and high-rise structures. The structural response of CLT heavily relies on the type of timber used in manufacturing, and this can vary significantly based on the original source for this naturally grown raw material. Spruce has been widely used in Europe for CLT production, but in Australia, locally available radiata pine is used by XLam for the manufacturing of their CLT panels. Self-tapping screws (STS) are typically recommended by CLT manufacturers and are most commonly used in relevant construction due to their high load carrying capacities and easy installation process. VGS STSs produced by Rothoblaas were used to investigate their composite actions when pulled-out from three-layer XLam CLT panels with thicknesses of 105 mm and 135 mm. VGS screws with 11 mm in diameter were inserted both parallel-to-grain and perpendicular-to-grain on the narrow face of the CLT panels as part of the current study. Typical failure modes as well as critical penetration depths were carefully recorded. Obtained results showed significant increase of pull-out capacity as penetration depths were increased for considered cases. However, experimental results also showed some obvious inconsistencies. These observations clearly demonstrate the challenges associated with working naturally grown fibrous materials and highlights the importance of major research on this field.

Quantification of Nanostructure Distribution in Tissue Using MicroCT Imaging

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anilchandra Attaluri ◽  
Navid Manuchehrabadi ◽  
Anna Dechaumphai ◽  
Ronghui Ma ◽  
Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Geometric Ratio ◽  
Surrounding Healthy Tissue ◽  
Microct Imaging ◽  
Penetration Depths ◽  
Superficial Tissue ◽  
Tumor Area

Recently, two nanotechnologies have emerged as promising hyperthermia therapies due to their ability to confine adequate thermal energy in tumors. Both overcome the limitations of traditional hyperthermia approaches such as microwave and ultrasound, which have short penetration depths into tissue and often cause collateral thermal damage to the superficial tissue layers. One uses magnetic nanoparticles to generate heat when the nanoparticles are subject to an alternating magnetic field [1–2]. The other one uses gold nanoshells or nanorods in laser induced photothermal therapy [3–4]. By varying the geometric ratio, the nanostructures can be tuned to have strong absorption and scattering to a specific laser wavelength. The enhancement in laser energy absorption would confine the laser energy in a tumor area congregating by the nanostructure. The efficacy of these two methods relies on the achieved tumor temperature elevations which are largely determined by the nanostructure concentration distribution in the tumor. Therefore, having an imaging technique to directly visualize and analyze the three-dimensional nanostructure distribution in tumors would greatly improve treatment protocols to kill all tumor cells while avoiding overheating in the surrounding healthy tissue.

Ultra-Microhardness Tests on Ion Implanted Metal Surfaces

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Pethica ◽  
W.C. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Nitrogen Ion Implantation ◽  
Nitrogen Ion ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Penetration Depths ◽  
Ion Implanted

ABSTRACTTo measure the mechanical properties of ion implanted layers special microhardness tests with penetration depths less than 100 nm have been made. The results show that increases in hardness of up to 50 % may occur in a number of metals as a result of nitrogen ion implantation. Considerable carbon is also present in the implanted surfaces and when in the form of a distinct layer, may give an apparent softening of surfaces at high doses.

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