Gas Turbines Design and Off-Design Performance Analysis With Emissions Evaluation

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andreini ◽  
B. Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Control Criteria

Many gas turbines simulation codes have been developed to estimate power plant performance both in design and off-design conditions in order to establish the adequate control criteria or the possible cycle improvements; estimation of pollutant emissions would be very important using these codes in order to determine the optimal performance satisfying legal emission restrictions. This paper present the description of a one-dimensional emission model to simulate different gas turbine combustor typologies, such as conventional diffusion flame combustors, dry-low NOx combustors (DLN) based on lean-premixed technology (LPC) or rich quench lean scheme (RQL) and the new catalytic combustors. This code is based on chemical reactor analysis, using detailed kinetics mechanisms, and it is integrated with an existing power plant simulation code (ESMS Energy System Modular Simulator) to analyze the effects of power plant operations and configurations on emissions. The main goal of this job is the study of the interaction between engine control and combustion system. This is a critical issue for all DLN combustors and, in particular, when burning low-LHV fuel. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different control criteria with regard to pollutant emissions and engine performances. In this paper we present several simulations of actual engines comparing the obtained results with the experimental published data.

Gas Turbines Design and Off-Design Performance Analysis With Emissions Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Andreini ◽  
Bruno Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Control Criteria

Many gas turbines simulation codes have been developed to estimate power plant performance both in design and off-design conditions in order to establish the adequate control criteria or the possible cycle improvements; estimation of pollutant emissions would be very important using these codes in order to determine the optimal performance satisfying legal emission restrictions. This paper present the description of a 1-D emission model to simulate different gas turbine combustor typologies, such as conventional diffusion flame combustors, Dry-Low NOx combustors (DLN) based on lean-premixed technology (LPC) or Rich Quench Lean scheme (RQL) and the new catalytic combustors. This code is based on chemical reactor analysis, using detailed kinetics mechanisms, and it is integrated with an existing power plant simulation code (ESMS Energy System Modular Simulator) to analyze the effects of power plant operations and configurations on emissions. The main goal of this job is the study of the interaction between engine control and combustion system. This is a critical issue for all DLN combustors and, in particular, when burning low-LHV fuel. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different control criteria with regard to pollutant emissions and engine performances. In this paper we present several simulations of actual engines comparing the obtained results with the experimental published data.

Short-Term Optimization of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Integrated With an Inlet Air Conditioning Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimar Mantilla ◽  
José García ◽  
Rafael Guédez ◽  
Alessandro Sorce
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Under new scenarios with high shares of variable renewable electricity, combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) are required to improve their flexibility, in terms of ramping capabilities and part-load efficiency, to help balance the power system. Simultaneously, liberalization of electricity markets and the complexity of its hourly price dynamics are affecting the CCGT profitability, leading the need for optimizing its operation. Among the different possibilities to enhance the power plant performance, an inlet air conditioning unit (ICU) offers the benefit of power augmentation and “minimum environmental load” (MEL) reduction by controlling the gas turbine inlet temperature using cold thermal energy storage and a heat pump. Consequently, an evaluation of a CCGT integrated with this inlet conditioning unit including a day-ahead optimized operation strategy was developed in this study. To establish the hourly dispatch of the power plant and the operation mode of the inlet conditioning unit to either cool down or heat up the gas turbine inlet air, a mixed-integer linear optimization (MILP) was formulated using MATLAB, aiming to maximize the operational profit of the plant within a 24-hours horizon. To assess the impact of the proposed unit operating under this dispatch strategy, historical data of electricity and natural gas prices, as well as meteorological data and CO2 emission allowances price, have been used to perform annual simulations of a reference power plant located in Turin, Italy. Furthermore, different equipment capacities and parameters have been investigated to identify trends of the power plant performance. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis on market conditions to test the control strategy response was also considered. Results indicate that the inlet conditioning unit, together with the dispatch optimization, increases the power plant’s operational profit by achieving a wider operational range, particularly important during peak and off-peak periods. For the specific case study, it is estimated that the net present value of the CCGT integrated with the ICU is 0.5% higher than the power plant without the unit. In terms of technical performance, results show that the unit reduces the minimum environmental load by approximately 1.34% and can increase the net power output by 0.17% annually.

scholarly journals The research of the schemes of regional distributed energy system

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
LU Jin ◽  
YAN Tao ◽  
CAI Wen ◽  
Yang Hong-yan ◽  
WAN Zhong-hai
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Distributed Energy System

The distributed energy generation system is one of the main forms of the second-generation energy system currently. Three kinds of viable schemas of distributed energy supply system for nine users of the small region heat of Yangpu area combining with urban heating were proposed in this thesis, in which the gas turbines were selected. By analyzing the heat economy and pollutant emissions, the advantages and disadvantages of each schema were found out and the relatively better one was selected ultimately. Finally, some possible development trends and the prospects of the distributing energy supply system were also related and some complementary proposals were to table for some aspects of the system.

Advanced Bottoming Cycle Optimisation for Large Alstom CCPP

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vollmer ◽  
Camille Pedretti ◽  
Alexander Ni ◽  
Manfred Wirsum
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Definition Of

This paper presents the fundamentals of an evolutionary, thermo-economic plant design methodology, which enables an improved and customer-focused optimization of the bottoming cycle of a large Combined Cycle Power Plant. The new methodology focuses on the conceptual design of the CCPP applicable to the product development and the pre-acquisition phase. After the definition of the overall plant configuration such as the number of gas turbines used, the type of main cooling system and the related fix investment cost, the CCPP is optimized towards any criteria available in the process model (e.g. lowest COE, maximum NPV/IRR, highest net efficiency). In view of the fact that the optimization is performed on a global plant level with a simultaneous hot- and cold- end optimization, the results clearly show the dependency of the HRSG steam parameters and the related steam turbine configuration on the definition of the cold end (Air Cooled Condenser instead of Direct Cooling). Furthermore, competing methods for feedwater preheating (HRSG recirculation, condensate preheating or pegging steam), different HRSG heat exchanger arrangements as well as applicable portfolio components are automatically evaluated and finally selected. The developed process model is based on a fixed superstructure and copes with the full complexity of today’s bottoming cycle configurations as well with any constraints and design rules existing in practice. It includes a variety of component modules that are prescribed with their performance characteristics, design limitations and individual cost. More than 100 parameters are used to directly calculate the overall plant performance and related investment cost. Further definitions on payment schedule, construction time, operation regime and consumable cost results in a full economic life cycle calculation of the CCPP. For the overall optimization the process model is coupled to an evolutionary optimizer, whereas around 60 design parameters are used within predefined bounds. Within a single optimization run more than 100’000 bottoming cycle configurations are calculated in order to find the targeted optimum and thanks to today’s massive parallel computing resources, the solution can be found over night. Due to the direct formulation of the process model, the best cycle configuration is a result provided by the optimizer and can be based on a single-, dual or triple pressure system using non-reheat, reheat or double reheat configuration. This methodology enables to analyze also existing limitations and characteristics of the key components in the process model and assists to initiate new developments in order to constantly increase the value for power plant customers.

Improving the OTEC Power Plant Performance by Metal Hydride Energy Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

A new system to improve the present OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) power plant performance is here presented. This is a metal hydride energy system operating as a “temperature upgrading” device which allows an increase of the OTEC plant working fluid temperature at the turbine inlet. The integrated MHTUP (metal hydride temperature upgrading)—OTEC plant has been investigated, taking into account the dynamic operations of MHTUP system and the OTEC pumping power increase due to the water circulation in the MHTUP system. The results show an increase in the OTEC net power of about 20 percent and the technological feasibility of the proposal. The large amounts of metal hydride and of heat transfer surface required by MHTUP system involve a critical situation from an economical point of view. The further analysis, particularly regarding the performance optimization and new plant arrangement of the MHTUP system, have to be developed in order to attain the economical feasibility of the proposal.

scholarly journals Evolution of Emission Species in an Aero-Engine Turbine Stator

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
André A. V. Perpignan ◽  
Stella Grazia Tomasello ◽  
Arvind Gangoli Rao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Turbine Stator

Future energy and transport scenarios will still rely on gas turbines for energy conversion and propulsion. Gas turbines will play a major role in energy transition and therefore gas turbine performance should be improved, and their pollutant emissions decreased. Consequently, designers must have accurate performance and emission prediction tools. Usually, pollutant emission prediction is limited to the combustion chamber as the composition at its outlet is considered to be “chemically frozen”. However, this assumption is not necessarily valid, especially with the increasing turbine inlet temperatures and operating pressures that benefit engine performance. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Chemical Reactor Network (CRN) simulations were performed to analyse the progress of NOx and CO species through the high-pressure turbine stator. Simulations considering turbulence-chemistry interaction were performed and compared with the finite-rate chemistry approach. The results show that progression of some relevant reactions continues to take place within the turbine stator. For an estimated cruise condition, both NO and CO concentrations are predicted to increase along the stator, while for the take-off condition, NO increases and CO decreases within the stator vanes. Reaction rates and concentrations are correlated with the flow structure for the cruise condition, especially in the near-wall flow field and the blade wakes. However, at the higher operating pressure and temperature encountered during take-off, reactions seem to be dependent on the residence time rather than on the flow structures. The inclusion of turbulence-chemistry interaction significantly changes the results, while heat transfer on the blade walls is shown to have minor effects.

Development of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Plant for Training Marine and Power Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Sarnacki ◽  
Richard Kimball ◽  
Barbara Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Steam Plant

The integration of micro turbine engines into the engineering programs offered at Maine Maritime Academy (MMA) has created a dynamic, hands-on approach to learning the theoretical and operational characteristics of a turbojet engine. Maine Maritime Academy is a fully accredited college of Engineering, Science and International Business located on the coast of Maine and has over 850 undergraduate students. The majority of the students are enrolled in one of five majors offered at the college in the Engineering Department. MMA already utilizes gas turbines and steam plants as part of the core engineering training with fully operational turbines and steam plant laboratories. As background, this paper will overview the unique hands-on nature of the engineering programs offered at the institution with a focus of implementation of a micro gas turbine trainer into all engineering majors taught at the college. The training demonstrates the effectiveness of a working gas turbine to translate theory into practical applications and real world conditions found in the operation of a combustion turbine. This paper presents the efforts of developing a combined cycle power plant for training engineers in the operation and performance of such a plant. Combined cycle power plants are common in the power industry due to their high thermal efficiencies. As gas turbines/electric power plants become implemented into marine applications, it is expected that combined cycle plants will follow. Maine Maritime Academy has a focus on training engineers for the marine and stationary power industry. The trainer described in this paper is intended to prepare engineers in the design and operation of this type of plant, as well as serve as a research platform for operational and technical study in plant performance. This work describes efforts to combine these laboratory resources into an operating combined cycle plant. Specifically, we present efforts to integrate a commercially available, 65 kW gas turbine generator system with our existing steam plant. The paper reviews the design and analysis of the system to produce a 78 kW power plant that approaches 35% thermal efficiency. The functional operation of the plant as a trainer is presented as the plant is designed to operate with the same basic functionality and control as a larger commercial plant.

Survey of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant Performance Estimates

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Integrated Gasification

The idea of a combined cycle power plant integrated with a coal gasification process has attracted broad interest in recent years. This interest is based on unique attributes of this concept which include potentially low pollutant emissions, low heat rate and competitive economics as compared to conventional steam plants with stack gas scrubbing. Results from a survey of technical literature containing performance and economic predictions have been compiled for comparison and evaluation of this new technique. These performance and economic results indicate good promise for near-term commercialization of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant using current gas turbine firing temperatures. Also, these data show that advancements in turbine firing temperature are expected to provide sufficiently favorable economics for the concept to penetrate the market now held by conventional steam power plants.

Degradation Effects on Combined Cycle Power Plant Performance: Part 3 — Gas and Steam Turbine Degradation Effects

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Zwebek ◽  
P. Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Performance Deterioration

This paper presents an investigation of the degradation effects that gas and steam turbine cycles components have on combined cycle (CCGT) power plant performance. Gas turbine component degradation effects were assessed with TurboMatch, the Cranfield Gas Turbine simulation code. A new code was developed to assess bottoming cycle performance deterioration. The two codes were then joined to simulate the combined cycle performance deterioration as a whole unit. Areas examined were gas turbine compressor and turbine degradation, HRSG degradation, steam turbine degradation, condenser degradation, and increased gas turbine back-pressure due to HRSG degradation. The procedure, assumptions made, and the results obtained are presented and discussed. The parameters that appear to have the greatest influence on degradation are the effects on the gas generator.

Re-Engineering of an Inlet Air Filtration System for a 100MW Combined Cycle Cogeneration Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Dorschel ◽  
Stefan aus der Wiesche
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Essential Components

Inlet air filtration systems are essential components for any power plant based on gas turbines, because poor air quality can significantly impact the operation and performance of the gas turbine. But higher pressure losses due to the filtration system have a negative impact to the power plant performance. In this paper, the field experience with a typical inlet air filtration system for a modern 100MW (electric) combined cycle cogeneration power plant (called “HKW Hafen”, Muenster, Germany) is discussed. The long-term observations demonstrated clearly the importance of the filtration system. A poor filtration performance was found for the initial system, and a re-design was initiated. With regard to this task, the use of computer-aided engineering tools (CAE) has proven its reliability. This approach enables an efficient tool for searching customized solutions for a specific power plant with a high confidence level. It was found that frequently used guidelines and supplier information are not completely sufficient for precise cost saving calculations.

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