scholarly journals Product Architecture Definition Based Upon Customer Demands

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Yu ◽  
J. P. Gonzalez-Zugasti ◽  
K. N. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Customer Need

The product portfolio architecture developed by a design team will have a tremendous impact upon customer satisfaction and market acceptance of the set of products offered by the firm. Yet most work in architecture centers around cost savings, manufacturability, and other production-driven concerns. Here, we propose a customer need basis for defining the architecture of a portfolio of products. Customer needs analysis provides a list of requirements for a product to sell. At any moment in time, one can assess a market population to establish target values for product features and represent those targets as probability distributions. Similarly, one can also trace the product through its use over time, and establish a separate set of desired target values, also as a set of distributions. Comparing these two distribution sets for every important customer need can point to the type of architecture a market population desires. When population and time distributions match, feature adjustability is required. When these distributions are different but constant in time, a family of product variants is more appropriate. When the population distribution changes over time, the feature must be isolated so it can be upgraded over time. If the distributions across both time and population are narrow, a single offering will supply the needs of the market. An instant film camera product is used as an example of the relationship between customer need distributions and appropriate product architecture.

scholarly journals Product Architecture Definition Based Upon Customer Demands

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Yu ◽  
Javier P. Gonzalez-Zugasti ◽  
Kevin N. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Customer Need

Abstract The product architecture developed by a design team will have a tremendous impact upon customer satisfaction and market acceptance of a product. Yet most work in product architecture centers around configuring them for cost savings, manufacturability, and other production-driven concerns. Here, we propose a customer need basis for defining a product architecture. Customer needs analysis can provide a list of requirements for a product to sell. At any moment in time, one can assess a market population to establish target values for product features and represent those targets as probability distributions. Alternatively, one can also trace a few products through their use in time, and establish desired target values as a set of different distributions. Comparing these two distribution sets for every important customer need can point to the type of architecture a market population desires. When population and time distributions match, feature adjustability is required. When these distributions are different but constant in time, a family of product variants is more appropriate. When the population distribution changes over time, the feature must be isolated so it can be upgraded over time. If the distributions across both time and population are narrow, a single offering will supply the needs of the market. An instant film camera product is used as an example of the relationship between customer need distributions and appropriate product architecture.

scholarly journals Hubungan Perilaku Perdagangan Investor Dengan Volume Perdagangan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazali Syamni
Keyword(s):  
Trading Volume ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Order Pattern ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines the relationship of behavior trading investor using data detailed transaction history-corporate edition demand and order history in Indonesia Stock Exchange during period of March, April and May 2005. Peculiarly, behavior placing of investor order at trading volume. The result of this paper indicates that trading volume order pattern to have pattern U shape. The pattern happened that investors have strong desires to places order at the opening and close of compared to in trading periods. While the largest orders are of market at the opening indicates that investor is more conservatively when opening, where many orders when opening has not happened transaction to match. In placing order both of investor does similar strategy. By definition, informed investors’ orders more large than uninformed investors. If comparison of order examined hence both investors behavior relatively changes over time. But, statistically shows there is not ratio significant. This implies behavior trading of informed investors and uninformed investors stable relative over time. The result from regression analysis indicates that informed investors to correlate at trading volume in all time intervals, but not all uninformed investors correlates in every time interval. This imply investor order inform is more can explain trading volume pattern compared to uninformed investor order in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Finally, result of regression also finds that order status match has greater role determines trading volume pattern intraday especially informed buy match and informed sale match. While amend, open and withdraw unable to have role to determine intraday trading volume pattern.

scholarly journals Revisiting China’s Social Volcano: Attitudes toward Inequality and Political Trust in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312091538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
Sociopolitical Instability ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Existing literature suggests that despite rising inequality in China, Chinese people tend to tolerate inequality, so it would be unlikely that rising inequality would cause sociopolitical instability. Few studies, however, have systematically explained Chinese people’s attitudes toward inequality, analyzed attitudinal changes over time, or examined the relationship between such attitudes and political trust. The author’s analysis of national surveys in 2004, 2009, and 2014 yields three findings. First, critical attitudes toward inequality consistently correlate with a structural understanding of inequality and skepticism of procedural or institutional justice. Second, Chinese people’s attitudes toward inequality changed little between 2004 and 2009, but between 2009 and 2014, there was increasing criticality of both inequality and its seeming disjuncture with China’s socialist principles. Third, people who are discontent with income inequality in China are more likely than others to distrust the local government, and those who draw on socialism to critique inequality are also more likely to distrust the central and local governments. Together, these findings suggest rising inequality could have political ramifications.

scholarly journals Does CSR Signal the Firm Value? Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Bing ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Compared to the rapid development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in developing countries, especially in China, the research about the effect of CSR on firm value has evolved more slowly. This paper examines the relationship between CSR and firm value used by listed Chinese companies from 2010 to 2017. The results for the whole sample show CSR significantly reduces firm value. Additionally, there are no significant differences for the effect of CSR on firm value between state owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs or sensitive industry and non-sensitive industry. To explore whether the relationship changes over time, we divided the period into two sub-periods. During 2010–2014, the results are similar with those obtained by the whole sample. However, the results significantly change during 2015–2017. Specifically, the negative and significant relationship between CSR and firm value becomes non-significant in the second sub-period. Compared to the weakening effect of CSR for non-SOEs on firm value, CSR for SOEs alleviates the effect, and CSR of SOEs increases firm value significantly. Similar results are obtained for non-sensitive industry and sensitive industry. The changes are the result of increasing awareness by government, companies, and investors on sustainable development after 2015. This finding enriches the research on the dynamic effect of CSR on firm value in developing countries.

scholarly journals Growth and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Ogus Binatli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates whether the relationship between income inequality and growth changes over time. Two time periods, covering 1970–1985 and 1985–1999, are analyzed and compared. A statistically significant relationship between inequality and growth in either time period fails to emerge. However, there are indications that effect of inequality on growth may be different in the nineties when compared to the seventies. In the literature, a consistent negative effect of inequality on growth is documented although the significance of the effect is open to debate. This paper also finds a negative effect of income inequality on growth in the seventies but, although statistically insignificant, a consistently positive effect in the nineties.

From action to language through gesture

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Capirci ◽  
Annarita Contaldo ◽  
Maria Cristina Caselli ◽  
Virginia Volterra
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Spontaneous Interaction ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
First Words

The present study reports empirical longitudinal data on the early stages of language development. The main hypothesis is that the output systems of speech and gesture may draw on underlying brain mechanisms common to both language and motor functions. We analyze the spontaneous interaction with their parents of three typically-developing children (2 M, 1 F) videotaped monthly at home between 10 and 23 months of age. Data analyses focused on the production of actions, representational and deictic gestures and words, and gesture-word combinations. Results indicate that there is a continuity between the production of the first action schemes, the first gestures and the first words produced by children. The relationship between gestures and words changes over time. The onset of two-word speech was preceded by the emergence of gesture-word combinations. The results are discussed in order to integrate and support the evolutionary and neurophysiological views of language origins and development.

scholarly journals Contextual polarity and influence mining in online social networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Alzahrani ◽  
Subrata Acharya ◽  
Philippe Duverger ◽  
Nam P. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractCrowdsourcing is an emerging tool for collaboration and innovation platforms. Recently, crowdsourcing platforms have become a vital tool for firms to generate new ideas, especially large firms such as Dell, Microsoft, and Starbucks, Crowdsourcing provides firms with multiple advantages, notably, rapid solutions, cost savings, and a variety of novel ideas that represent the diversity inherent within a crowd. The literature on crowdsourcing is limited to empirical evidence of the advantage of crowdsourcing for businesses as an innovation strategy. In this study, Starbucks’ crowdsourcing platform, Ideas Starbucks, is examined, with three objectives: first, to determine crowdsourcing participants’ perception of the company by crowdsourcing participants when generating ideas on the platform. The second objective is to map users into a community structure to identify those more likely to produce ideas; the most promising users are grouped into the communities more likely to generate the best ideas. The third is to study the relationship between the users’ ideas’ sentiment scores and the frequency of discussions among crowdsourcing users. The results indicate that sentiment and emotion scores can be used to visualize the social interaction narrative over time. They also suggest that the fast greedy algorithm is the one best suited for community structure with a modularity on agreeable ideas of 0.53 and 8 significant communities using sentiment scores as edge weights. For disagreeable ideas, the modularity is 0.47 with 8 significant communities without edge weights. There is also a statistically significant quadratic relationship between the sentiments scores and the number of conversations between users.

scholarly journals Concept Drift Detection in Dynamic Probabilistic Relational Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Finke ◽  
Tanya Braun ◽  
Marcel Gehrke ◽  
Ralf Möller
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Concept Drift ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Relational Models ◽  
World Data ◽  
Probabilistic Relational Models ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Dynamic probabilistic relational models, which are factorized w.r.t. a full joint distribution, are used to cater for uncertainty and for relational and temporal aspects in real-world data. While these models assume the underlying temporal process to be stationary, real-world data often exhibits non-stationary behavior where the full joint distribution changes over time. We propose an approach to account for non-stationary processes w.r.t. to changing probability distributions over time, an effect known as concept drift. We use factorization and compact encoding of relations to efficiently detect drifts towards new probability distributions based on evidence.

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