Displacement-Limited Buckling of an Optical Fiber

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. King
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Buckling Load ◽  
Longitudinal Displacement ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Contact Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Transverse Deflection ◽  
Explicit Expressions

Buckling of an optical fiber within a confining connector housing is analyzed under the restriction that the transverse deflection profile be shallow. Fibers with pinned ends and with clamped ends are treated. The three stages of buckling are discussed: sufficiently small transverse displacements that contact is not made with the housing wall; point contact with the wall; and finite-length contact with the wall. Explicit expressions for responses as functions of relative longitudinal displacement of ends are obtained for the first and third stages. For the second stage, longitudinal displacement and maximum fiber curvature are expressed in terms of buckling load. Except for a portion of the point-contact stage, contact with a confining wall causes more severe stresses in the fiber than would otherwise be the case.

SIX BASIC STATES OF POLARIZATION EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR MULTIPLE STAGE PASSIVE COMPENSATION ON SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalhan Md Yusof ◽  
Sahbudin Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Optical Fiber ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
State Of Polarization ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Basic States ◽  
Linear State ◽  
Passive Compensation

We report a statistical approach of analyzing experimental data on three stages of passive compensations of light State of Polarization (SOP) in standard single mode optical fiber. Fidelity of every basic six SOPs which consist of two pairs of linear state of polarization and a pair of circular state of polarization were also analyzed by performing an experiment to measure the Stoke parameter of every state. Experimental results have shown that all six basic SOPs were maintained according to the state of the source at every stage of respective paths. These observations were regardless of different optical fiber length at the second stage of passive compensation. We achieved to ensure that the final destination of SOP will have similar state with its source at fidelity of above 96%. 

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.

scholarly journals Effect of Sago Starch Modifications on Polystyrene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2867
Author(s):  
Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab ◽  
Halimatul Syahirah Mohamad ◽  
Elammaran Jayamani ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Izabela Wnuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Starch Modifications

The preparation of polystyrene/thermoplastic starch (PS/TPS) blends was divided into three stages. The first stage involved the preparation of TPS from sago starch. Then, for the second stage, PS was blended with TPS to produce a TPS/PS blend. The ratios of the TPS/PS blend were 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20. The final stage was a modification of the composition of TPS/PS blends with succinic anhydride and ascorbic acid treatment. Both untreated and treated blends were characterized by their physical, thermal, and surface morphology properties. The obtained results indicate that modified blends have better tensile strength as the adhesion between TPS and PS was improved. This can be observed from SEM micrographs, as modified blends with succinic anhydride and ascorbic acid had smaller TPS dispersion in PS/TPS blends. The micrograph showed that there was no agglomeration and void formation in the TPS/PS blending process. Furthermore, modified blends show better thermal stability, as proved by thermogravimetric analysis. Water uptake into the TPS/PS blends also decreased after the modifications, and the structural analysis showed the formation of a new peak after the modification process.

Optical fiber Bragg gratings Part II Modeling of finite-length gratings and grating arrays

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio M. N. Passaro ◽  
Roberto Diana ◽  
Mario N. Armenise
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Fiber Bragg Gratings ◽  
Bragg Gratings

scholarly journals Change detection and building spatial geodatabase for Iraqi marshes

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Oday Jasim ◽  
Noor Hamed ◽  
Tamarra Abdulgabar
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Other ◽  
Image Mosaic ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Three Stages

The Iraqi Marshlands has natural and economic potential through its environment rich in various forms of lives. This region has suffered numerous setbacks due to human and natural factors, especially in the last two decades of the last century, which led to significant environmental degradation. The purpose of this paper is to prepare spatial data for the area of the marshes in Iraq as a base (Hour-al Hoveizah and central marshes and Hammar). Also, the other aim is to produce a digital geodatabase for the marshes for the years 1973, 1986, 1999, 2006 and 2016 by using ArcGIS. The process of building geodatabase has been through done in three stages: the first stage is including data collection. The second stage will be by merging the satellite images covering the Iraqi marshes and add to images in order to get the image mosaic process. Also, a georeferencing of satellite images is to be done with all the traditional maps of the same area of the marsh. Finally, complete the full geodatabase for the area of interest by using ArcGIS as the in Cartography Design. The results of this research would be a geodatabase for the Iraqi marshes.

Agent-based economic models and econometrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chang ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Computational Finance ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

scholarly journals Matemáticas para la Ingeniería de Sistemas [Mathematics for systems engineering]

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Mauricio Argote ◽  
Robinson Andrés Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Education Courses ◽  
Current Curriculum

Resumen La investigación tiene como propósito la restructuración de la malla curricular del Programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas, de la Universidad Mariana, respecto al área de matemática y su aporte al desarrollo de competencias del respectivo currículo. El proceso de reconstrucción del plan de estudios se llevó a cabo en tres etapas. La primera etapa presenta la identificación de los contenidos curriculares de los cursos de educación matemática del currículo vigente que son pertinentes y esenciales a la formación del Ingeniero de Sistemas. La segunda etapa determina los contenidos que no están presentes en el actual plan de estudios y que deben ser incorporados en los cursos de educación matemática para desarrollar el pensamiento lógico - matemático del Ingeniero de Sistemas. La tercera etapa rediseña los cursos del programa de educación matemática para que sean pertinentes y esenciales, con el área específica del programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas. Palabras Claves: Currículo, Matemática, Ingeniería de Sistemas, Pertinencia, Modelación.   Abstract The research has the purpose of restructuring the curriculum of the Systems Engineering Program, University of Mariana, respect to the area of mathematics and its contribution to the development of the skills of the respective curriculum. The reconstruction process of the curriculum took place in three stages. The first stage presented the identification of the curricula of mathematics education courses current curriculum that are relevant and material to the formation of Systems Engineer. The second stage determines the contents that are not present in the current curriculum and should be incorporated into mathematics education courses to develop logical thinking - Mathematical Systems Engineer. The third stage redesign courses mathematics education program to be relevant and material, with the specific area of Systems Engineering program. Keywords: Curriculum, Mathematics, Systems Engineering, Relevance, Modeling.

scholarly journals Animasi Tata Cara Penyelamatan Bencana Gempa Bumi Untuk Anak - Anak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Gita Sispratiwi Faja ◽  
Nyoman Miyarta Yasa
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
National Agency ◽  
School Students ◽  
The West ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages

The National Agency for the Control of Britain (BNPB) noted that 515 people died from the earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). Seeing this problem, the author wants to make an animation of earthquake disaster relief procedures that will be used by the BPBD as an additional medium for socializing and delivering information to increase public knowledge about procedures for saving earthquake disasters, especially children. In the process of making this animation using the pipeline method which includes three stages, namely the first stage of pre-production, the second stage of production The third stage of post-production. After doing all the stages are expected to be able to produce animation procedures for earthquake disaster rescue for children. So that this animated video can be used as a media for information dissemination or information delivery by the West Nusa Tenggara Province BPBD office which is more effective for introducing elementary school students. To determine the feasibility of the animation that was made, a beta test was conducted by submitting questionnaires to 30 respondents. The results obtained are animated procedures for rescuing earthquake disasters for children to be used as media for information dissemination or delivery of information by the West Nusa Tenggara Province BPBD office.

scholarly journals URBAN PLANNING IN LIBYA – EVOLUTION, LEVELS, PROBLEMS

HERALD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abousa Hadoud
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Development And Environment

Urban planning in Libya in general effectively contributed to preparation of comprehensive and the public plans for all Libyan cities. especially after the issuance of Law No. (5) of 1969, concerning the planning of cities and villages, three key schemes have been developed in three stages starting from the first phase for years 1968 to 1988, and the second stage years from 1988 to 2000, and the third stage years 2000 to 2025. Goal of such schemes is to make a balance between the natural increase of population and urban mass, in order to achieve urban development and environment and preserve of the environment and urban environment from degradation and the spread of degraded areas in Libyan cities. But a number of problems disrupted the planning, and have had effects on the urban development in Libya.

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