Designing Reliability into High-Effectiveness Industrial Gas Turbine Regenerators

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
S. J. Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Condition Versus ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The increased demand for fuel conservation has provided the impetus for higher efficiency in the design of gas turbines and their operation. To conserve more fuel, regenerators must operate at higher temperatures and pressures, and must experience frequent on-off cycles. The design concept, methodology, and full-scale testing leading to the final design of the regenerator will be presented. Particular emphasis will be given to the importance of meaningful testing of both the regenerator and materials used. The necessity of having materials data, in the as-processed condition versus catalog data, for reliable design, is also presented.

scholarly journals Investigation of Failure in Gas Turbines: Part 2 — Engineering and Metallographic Aspects of Failure Investigation

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dundas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Component Failures

This paper opens with a discussion of the various mechanisms of cracking and fracture encountered in gas turbine failures, and discusses the use of metallographic examination of crack and fracture surfaces. The various types of materials used in the major components of heavy-duty industrial and aeroderivative gas turbines are tabulated. A collection of macroscopic and microscopic fractographs of the various mechanisms of failure in gas turbine components is then presented for reference in failure investigation. A discussion of compressor damage due to surge, as well as some overall observations on component failures, follows. Finally, a listing of the most likely types of failure of the various major components is given.

Fits and Starts: A Current Look at Marine and Industrial Gas Turbine Electric Start Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Production ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Electric starter development programs have been the subject of ASME technical papers for over two decades. Offering significant advantages over hydraulic or pneumatic starters, electric starters are now poised to be the preferred choice amongst gas turbine customers. That they are not now the dominant starter in the field after decades of investment and experimentation is attributable to many factors. As with any new technology, progress is often unsteady, depending on budgets, market conditions, customer buy-in, etc. Additionally, technological advances in the parent technologies, in this case electric motors, can abruptly and rapidly change, further disturbing the best laid introduction plans. It is therefore not too surprising that only recently, is the industry beginning to see the deployment of electric starters on production gas turbines. The earliest adoption occurred on smaller gas turbine units, generally less than 10 MW in power. More recently, gas turbines greater than 10 MWs are being sold with electric starters. The authors expect that regardless of their size or fuel supply, most all future gas turbine users will opt for electric starters. This may even include the “larger” frame machines with power greater than 100 MW. Starting with some past history, this paper will not only summarize past development efforts, it will attempt to examine the current deployment of electric starters throughout the marine and industrial gas turbine landscapes. The large-scale acceptance of electric start systems for both new production and retrofit will depend on the favorable cost/benefit assessment when weighing both first cost and life cycle cost. The current and intense activity in electric vehicle applications is giving rise to even more power dense motors. The paper will look at some of these exciting applications, the installed products, and the technologies behind the products. To what extent these new products may serve the needs of the gas turbine community will be the central question this paper attempts to answer.

scholarly journals Industrial Gas Turbine Uprates: Tips, Tricks and Traps

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

After industrial gas turbines have been in production for some amount of time, there is often an opportunity to improve or “uprate” the engine’s output power or cycle efficiency or both. In most cases, the manufacturer would like to provide these uprates without compromising the proven reliability and durability of the product. Further, the manufacturer would like the development of this “Uprate” to be low cost, low risk and result in an improvement in “customer value” over that of the original design. This paper describes several options available for enhancing the performance of an existing industrial gas turbine engine and discusses the implications for each option. Advantages and disadvantages of each option are given along with considerations that should be taken into account in selecting one option over another. Specific options discussed include dimensional scaling, improving component efficiencies, increasing massflow, compressor zero staging, increasing firing temperature (thermal uprate), adding a recuperator, increasing cycle pressure ratio, and converting to a single shaft design. The implications on output power, cycle efficiency, off-design performance engine life or time between overhaul (TBO), engine cost, development time and cost, auxiliary requirements and product support issues are discussed. Several examples are provided where these options have been successfully implemented in industrial gas turbine engines.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Realization of Water Recovery in a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyou Wen ◽  
Jiguo Zou ◽  
Zheng Fu ◽  
Shikang Yu ◽  
Lingbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Spiral Plate ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Steam-injected gas turbines have a multitude of advantages, but they suffer from the inability to recover precious demineralized water. The present paper describes the test conditions and results of steam injection along with an attempt to achieve water recovery, which were obtained through a series of tests conducted on a S1A-02 small-sized industrial gas turbine. A water recovery device incorporating a compact finned spiral plate cooling condenser equipped with filter screens has been designed for the said gas turbine and a 100% water recovery (based on the design point) was attained.

Gas Turbine Efficiency (GTE) Benefits of GTE Water Wash Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Robert J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The desire to maintain power plant profitability, combined with current market fuel gas pricing is forcing power generation companies to constantly look for ways to keep their industrial gas turbine units operating at the highest possible efficiency. Gas Turbines Operation requires the compression of very large quantities of air that is mixed with fuel, ignited and directed into a turbine to produce torque for purposes ranging from power generation to mechanical drive of pumping systems to thrust for air craft propulsion. The compression of the air for this process typically uses 60% of the required base energy. Therefore management of the compression process efficiency is very important to maintain overall cycle efficiency. Since fouling of turbine compressors is almost unavoidable, even with modern air filter treatment, and over time results in lower efficiency and output, compressor cleaning is required to maintain gas turbine efficiency.

Evaluation Program for New Industrial Gas Turbine Materials

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-710
Author(s):  
Ch. Just ◽  
C. J. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
New Material ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Phase Evaluation

The need for a thorough and systematic standard evaluation program for new materials for modern industrial gas turbines is shown by several examples and facts. A complete list of the data required by the designer of an industrial gas turbine is given, together with comments to some of the more important properties. A six-phase evaluation program is described which minimizes evaluation time, cost, and the risk of introducing a new material.

Experimental Development of On-Line Flame Transfer Function Measurements for Fielded Gas Turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Matthews ◽  
Anna Cobb ◽  
Subodh Adhikari ◽  
David Wu ◽  
Tim Lieuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
On Line

Abstract Understanding thermoacoustic instabilities is essential for the reliable operation of gas turbine engines. To complicate this understanding, the extreme sensitivity of gas turbine combustors can lead to instability characteristics that differ across a fleet. The capability to monitor flame transfer functions in fielded engines would provide valuable data to improve this understanding and aid in gas turbine operability from R&D to field tuning. This paper presents a new experimental facility used to analyze performance of full-scale gas turbine fuel injector hardware at elevated pressure and temperature. It features a liquid cooled, fiber-coupled probe that provides direct optical access to the heat release zone for high-speed chemiluminescence measurements. The probe was designed with fielded applications in mind. In addition, the combustion chamber includes an acoustic sensor array and a large objective window for verification of the probe using high-speed chemiluminescence imaging. This work experimentally demonstrates the new setup under scaled engine conditions, with a focus on operational zones that yield interesting acoustic tones. Results include a demonstration of the probe, preliminary analysis of acoustic and high speed chemiluminescence data, and high speed chemiluminescence imaging. The novelty of this paper is the deployment of a new test platform that incorporates full-scale engine hardware and provides the ability to directly compare acoustic and heat release response in a high-temperature, high-pressure environment to determine the flame transfer functions. This work is a stepping-stone towards the development of an on-line flame transfer function measurement technique for production engines in the field.

scholarly journals The Effects of Chemistry Variations in New Nickel-Based Superalloys for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 4902-4921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabin Sulzer ◽  
Magnus Hasselqvist ◽  
Hideyuki Murakami ◽  
Paul Bagot ◽  
Michael Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Multi Scale Modeling ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract Industrial gas turbines (IGT) require novel single-crystal superalloys with demonstrably superior corrosion resistance to those used for aerospace applications and thus higher Cr contents. Multi-scale modeling approaches are aiding in the design of new alloy grades; however, the CALPHAD databases on which these rely remain unproven in this composition regime. A set of trial nickel-based superalloys for IGT blades is investigated, with carefully designed chemistries which isolate the influence of individual additions. Results from an extensive experimental characterization campaign are compared with CALPHAD predictions. Insights gained from this study are used to derive guidelines for optimized gas turbine alloy design and to gauge the reliability of the CALPHAD databases.

Coal-Water Slurry Testing of an Industrial Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Wenglarz ◽  
C. Wilkes ◽  
R. C. Bourke ◽  
H. C. Mongia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the first test of an industrial gas turbine and low emissions combustion system on coal-water-slurry fuel. The engine and combustion system have been developed over the past five years as part of the Heat Engines program sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The engine is a modified Allison 501-K industrial gas turbine designed to produce 3.5 MW of electrical power when burning natural gas or distillate fuel. Full load power output increases to approximately 4.9 MW when burning coal-water slurry as a result of additional turbine mass flow rate. The engine has been modified to accept an external staged combustion system developed specifically for burning coal and low quality ash-bearing fuels. Combustion staging permits the control of NOx from fuel-bound nitrogen while simultaneously controlling CO emissions. Water injection freezes molten ash in the quench zone located between the rich and lean zones. The dry ash is removed from the hot gas stream by two parallel cyclone separators. This paper describes the engine and combustor system modifications required for running on coal and presents the emissions and turbine performance data from the coal-water slurry testing. Included is a discussion of hot gas path ash deposition and planned future work that will support the commercialization of coal-fired gas turbines.

Rig Testing of the Operability of a Transonic Compressor Blade of an Industrial Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsu Kang ◽  
Sungjong Ahn ◽  
Kyusic Hwang ◽  
Justin Bock ◽  
Jeongseek Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Compressor Blade ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Aerodynamic Damping ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Abstract This paper describes the flow and vibrations measured in a 1.5-stage transonic research compressor tested at the Notre Dame Turbomachinery Laboratory. The compressor is a sub-scale version of a large-scale industrial gas turbine. The experiment measured the compressor performance and investigated the operability issues of stall and flow-induced blade vibrations due to buffet and flutter. The buffet was investigated at full-speed with fully-closed inlet guide vanes; the full-speed, no-load condition of gas turbines used for power generation. The flutter was investigated at part-speed conditions with partially closed guide vanes; the part-power condition where stall flutter typically occurs for aero-engines. At both of these conditions the blades operate with high incidence and moderate velocity, which can result in flow-induced vibrations. Aero-elastic simulations were performed to predict the flutter boundary. The flutter analysis predicted positive aerodynamic damping near the operating line, and a decrease in aerodynamic damping as the stall boundary was approached. No flutter was observed in the stable operating range of the compressor. The experimental campaign used blade tip timing to measure the vibrations and unsteady pressure transducers above the compressor blade. These two types of data were correlated to better understand the drivers of vibration. The paper describes the behavior of the aerodynamic drivers of buffet and flutter and the resulting vibration.

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