scholarly journals Correspondent Report on the Initial Meeting, Held September 3–6, 1980, of the 1980–1981 AFOSR-HTTM-Stanford Conference on Complex Turbulent Flows: Comparison of Computation and Experiment

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kline ◽  
G. M. Lilley
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Machine Readable Form ◽  
Data Library ◽  
Initial Meeting ◽  
Adequate Data

The first of two meetings of the 1980–1981 AFOSR-HTTM-Stanford Conference on Complex Turbulent Flows: Comparison of Computation and Experiment is described. The Conference is a cooperative research effort involving a major fraction of research workers in turbulent flow. It has three objectives: (i) establishment of trustworthy data sets that can be used as the basis for modeling complex turbulent flows and as standard trial cases for checking output of computations in such flows; (ii) the creation of a data library in standardized, machine-readable form on magnetic tape of the trustworthy cases; (iii) the comparison of current computational output from many groups with the standard trial cases. The meeting on data held at Stanford University, Sept. 3–5, 1980, is described in this paper, including: a short history of the problem, difficulties in turbulence research and recordation of adequate data sets, organization and special procedures in the conference, the trial cases established for the 1981 meeting on computation, a number of other specific results from the meeting, and conclusions. It is concluded that the 1980 meeting was successful not only in meeting goals (i) and (ii) but also in clarifying many other issues that have been troubling the research community and clarifying needs for future researches. The Proceedings from the 1980 meeting will be published in spring, 1981 and may be ordered from the first author.

scholarly journals Сlassification culture of the Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Sukiasyan
Keyword(s):  
School Libraries ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Level ◽  
Complete Translation ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Machine Readable Form ◽  
Decimal Classification ◽  
Full Medium

Classification culture – a set of achievements of the country in the field of classification systems (CS): the study of their history and theory, the creation of own systems and the development of foreign experience, publications and options, practice of application. It is told about the achievements of Russia: works on the history of library CS, the directions of theoretical studies. For example, he CS history is well studied – from ancient times to the present day. Interesting CS were developed in the 18–19th century (for the largest and some university libraries). Schedules of the foreign CS – complete translation of the Colon Classification and the Dewey Decimal Classification into Russian was published. Published Russian UDC retranslation in 10 volumes. The country has CS, recognized by the international community as the National System of Russia (firstly published in the years 1961–1968 in the 30 books). Contemporary classification practice is distinguished by the presence of variants of schedules – full, medium and abridged, in book and machine-readable form. The experience of developing classification schedules for children's and school libraries is unique. The conclusion is made: Russia certainly has a high level of classification culture.

From the history of the development of electronic dictionaries: foreign and domestic experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
O. Y. Balalaieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
Educational Professional

The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of electronic dictionaries development abroad and in Ukraine using methods of analysis of scientific sources, comparison, generalization and systematization. Electronic dictionaries have been found to be a relatively new phenomenon in the lexicographic market, evolving from machine-readable dictionaries, exact copies of paper editions to complex digital lexicographic systems with a powerful arsenal of functions over the decades. The stages of development of autonomous and online dictionaries are described. Electronic dictionaries due to the advanced search capabilities, speed, simplicity, ease of use, accessibility and compactness have gained popularity among a wide range of users. Today they are used in many spheres of human activity – scientific, educational, professional, everyday communication. However, the analysis of the current level of development of Ukrainian electronic resources indicates a shortage of electronic dictionaries both common and terminological vocabulary. The lack of electronic dictionaries is due to a number of objective problems, both practical and theoretical, that is why research in the field of domestic computer lexicography is a promising area of further research.

scholarly journals Subject Access to a Data Base of Library Holdings

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Alice S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Readable Form ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Machine Readable Form

As more academic and public libraries have some form of bibliographic description of their complete collection available in machine-readable form, public service librarians are devising ways to use the information for better retrieval. Research at the Ohio State University tested user response to paper and COM output from selected areas of the shelflist. Results indicated users at remote locations found such lists helpful, with some indication that paper printout was more popular than microfiche.

Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, African Climate and Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Trauth ◽  
Asfawossen Asrat ◽  
Nadine Berner ◽  
Faysal Bibi ◽  
Verena Foerster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Scientific Idea ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Change Point Models ◽  
Original Interpretation

<p>The hypothesis of a connection between the onset (or intensification) of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG), the stepwise increase in African aridity (and climate variability) and an important mammalian (including hominin) species turnover is a textbook example of the initiation of a scientific idea and its propagation in science. It is, however, also an example of the persistent popularity of a hypothesis despite mounting evidence against it. The first part of our work analyzes of the history of the scientific idea by seeking its roots, including coincidental meetings and exchanges between of scientists, at project meetings, conferences and workshops. The consequences of this idea are examined and its influence on subsequent scientific investigations both before and after it has been falsified. In the second part of our investigation, we examine why the idea that the high latitudes have a major control on the climate of the low latitudes and thus early human evolution persists. For this purpose, an attempt is made to understand the original interpretation of the data, with special consideration of the composition of the scientific team and their scientific backgrounds and persuasions. Some of the key records in support of the hypothesis of a step-wise transition will be statistically re-analyzed by fitting change-point models to the time series to determine the midpoint and duration of the transition – in case such a transition is found in the data. A critical review of key publications in support of such a connection and a statistical re-analysis of key data sets leads to three conclusions: (1) Northern Hemisphere Glaciation is a gradual process between ~3.5–2.5 Ma, not an abrupt onset, either at ~2.5 Ma, nor at ~2.8 Ma, or any other time in the Late Cenozoic Era, (2) the trend towards greater aridity in Africa during this period was also gradual, not stepwise in the sense of a consistent transition of a duration of ≤0.2 Ma, and (3) accordingly, a step-wise change in environmental conditions cannot be used to explain an important mammalian (including hominin) species turnover.</p>

New Types of Cooperative Research in Japan

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Manabu Eto
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Research System ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

Japan has a long history of systematically organizing and carrying out joint research projects between industrial, government and academic institutions. Even competing industries have cooperated in these research projects, and such cooperation has greatly helped Japan's economic progress. The country's technological progress has equalled in some areas and surpassed in others that of countries in the West, and, with the continued advancement of big business, Japan has arrived at a stage at which it can continue its technological progress on its own. This is causing great changes in the meaning and impact of cooperative research endeavours. In this paper the author discusses the problems and possible solutions involved in developing the current cooperative research systems into efficient systems which meet the needs of this new generation of research. He also outlines the potential influence of these changes on the procedures and policies in the current research system, and on user interaction and the results achieved. The paper also constructs a model of a cooperative research system which can meet the country's current requirements.

scholarly journals New data towards the development of a comprehensive taphonomic framework for the Late Jurassic Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Central Utah

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Peterson ◽  
Jonathan P. Warnock ◽  
Shawn L. Eberhart ◽  
Steven R. Clawson ◽  
Christopher R. Noto
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bone Fragments

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry (CLDQ) is the densest deposit of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs discovered to date. Unlike typical Jurassic bone deposits, it is dominated by the presence ofAllosaurus fragilis. Since excavation began in the 1920s, numerous hypotheses have been put forward to explain the taphonomy of CLDQ, including a predator trap, a drought assemblage, and a poison spring. In an effort to reconcile the various interpretations of the quarry and reach a consensus on the depositional history of CLDQ, new data is required to develop a robust taphonomic framework congruent with all available data. Here we present two new data sets that aid in the development of such a robust taphonomic framework for CLDQ. First, x-ray fluorescence of CLDQ sediments indicate elevated barite and sulfide minerals relative to other sediments from the Morrison Formation in the region, suggesting an ephemeral environment dominated by periods of hypereutrophic conditions during bone accumulation. Second, the degree of abrasion and hydraulic equivalency of small bone fragments dispersed throughout the matrix were analyzed from CLDQ. Results of these analyses suggest that bone fragments are autochthonous or parautochthonous and are derived from bones deposited in the assemblage rather than transported. The variability in abrasion exhibited by the fragments is most parsimoniously explained by local periodic re-working and re-deposition during seasonal fluctuations throughout the duration of the quarry assemblage. Collectively, these data support previous interpretations that the CLDQ represents an attritional assemblage in a poorly-drained overbank deposit where vertebrate remains were introduced post-mortem to an ephemeral pond during flood conditions. Furthermore, while the elevated heavy metals detected at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are not likely the primary driver for the accumulation of carcasses, they are likely the result of multiple sources; some metals may be derived from post-depositional and diagenetic processes, and others are potentially produced from an abundance of decomposing vertebrate carcasses. These new data help to support the inferred depositional environment of the quarry as an ephemeral pond, and represent a significant step in understanding the taphonomy of the bonebed and Late Jurassic paleoecology in this region.

scholarly journals Exploiting Thermochronology to Quantify Exhumation Histories and Patterns of Uplift Along the Margins of Tibet

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Furlong ◽  
Eric Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Thermal History ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cooling Behavior ◽  
Exhumation Rates ◽  
The Impact

The utilization of thermal-chronological data to constrain mountain building processes exploits the links among rock uplift, exhumation, and cooling during orogenesis. Conceptually, periods of rapid uplift and associated denudation will lead to cooling of rocks as they approach Earth’s surface. The linkage between uplift and exhumation can be complex, but in practice exhumation is often assumed to directly track uplift. The reconstruction of temperature-time histories via thermochronologic systems provides a proxy method to relate the cooling of rock as it is exhumed toward the surface to orogenesis. For the rapid exhumation rates that can occur in active orogenic systems the thermal history will be complex as a result of heat advection, rates of propagation of thermal perturbations, and other processes that affect the cooling behavior. These effects become amplified as exhumation rates increase, and in regions experiencing exhumation rates greater than ∼0.2–0.3 mm/yr (0.2–0.3 km/Ma) simple assumptions of cooling through a constant geotherm will bias the subsequent interpretation. Here we explore, through a suite of generalized models, the impact of exhumation rate and duration on the resulting thermal history and apparent age results. We then apply lessons from these simple exhumation systems to data sets from the high-relief ranges along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to determine exhumation histories constrained by those data. The resulting exhumation histories provide constraints on the onset of Cenozoic exhumation, the subsequent pace of exhumation, and on the tectonic history of one of the major fault systems in the central Longmen Shan.

Evaluation of the regional vegetation and climate in the Eastern Alps (Austria) during MIS 3–4 based on pollen analysis of the classical Baumkirchen paleolake sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Jonathan Barrett ◽  
Ruth Drescher-Schneider ◽  
Reinhard Starnberger ◽  
Christoph Spötl
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe pre-last glacial maximum paleolake sediments at Baumkirchen, western Austria, are well known in Alpine Quaternary stratigraphy as being the type locality of the Middle to Upper Würmian transition. Their location provides a rare opportunity to investigate the vegetation history of the interior of the Alps during the last glacial cycle. A recent renewed research effort involving new drilling revealed a 250-m-thick lacustrine sequence with an older, ca. Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 phase and a younger, mid- to late MIS 3 phase. Pollen analysis reveals generally poor preservation and very low pollen concentration due to very high sedimentation rates. On the basis of pollen percentages and influx rates, six pollen zones (PZ) were assigned. PZ1 and 2 correspond to the entire ca. MIS 4 section and are characterized by only scattered vegetation representing an extremely cold and dry climate. Two stadials and two interstadials were identified in the MIS 3 section. The interstadials are characterized by well-developed open vegetation with some stands of trees, with the upper PZ6 being better developed but still forest-free. On the basis of previous radiocarbon dating, this zone (PZ6) is correlated to Greenland Interstadial (GI) 7 and the lower interstadial (PZ4) tentatively to GI 8.

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