An Investigation of Dry Adhesive Wear

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Steijn

Sliding-motion experiments under unlubricated conditions have been carried out on various metals, and the results are discussed in terms of the simple wear theory advanced by Archard. Oxide-film formation has been studied by electrical contact-resistance measurements made in conjunction with wear tests. The effects on the wear rate and basic wear formula are discussed. For the ring apparatus, a modified expression for the wear formula is suggested to incorporate surface oxidation. Although it was found that the sliding of a soft material on a hard material follows simple wear rules, discrepancies are reported for the wear of brass against brass. In these experiments, the wear rate is affected by the geometry of the apparent area of contact.

2009 ◽  
Vol 16-19 ◽  
pp. 1258-1262
Author(s):  
Yun Feng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li Sun

Metal- matrix composites layers were prepared by laser cladding with Ni-based Super-alloy onto CrMo cast iron. Applying uniform experiment design, under conditions of different velocity and load ,the wear tests of alloy layers were carried out and the stepwise regression method are used to establish the wear rate model for prediction of wear rate. It is proved that the modal is significant and represents the character of the wear trend. According to the wear rate model ,the wear characteristics are analysed and the wear mechanisms are identified. The main wear mechanism of laser cladding layer are delamination, adhesive wear and abrasive wear.


2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Greaves ◽  
Ksenija Topolovec Miklozic

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine the film-forming behaviour of simple compositions of polyalphaolefin (PAO) containing an oil-soluble polyalkylene glycol (OSP) alone, a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) alone and then combinations of an OSP and ZDDP. Design/methodology/approach – A Mini-Traction Machine with Spacer Layer Imaging technology was used to evaluate friction and film formation under a specific contact pressure, temperature and slide-to-roll ratio. Electrical contact resistance measurements were used to follow surface film formation. Findings – The inclusion of an OSP to a PAO showed evidence of friction-reducing behaviour with low friction values over the rubbing cycle but no significant tribo-film build up. When a ZDDP (1 per cent) is added to the PAO, a thick tribo-film forms of about 100 nm. Addition of an OSP (10 per cent) shows this film still forms despite the OSP being a polar and surface-active additive. Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted under a narrow range of test conditions (e.g. temperature and contact pressure), and future work will focus on friction and film formation across a broader set of conditions. Practical implications – Despite OSPs being polar and surface-active, they do not interfere with the ZDDP in forming an anti-wear film in a PAO and, therefore, their inherent properties of good deposit control could enhance the performance of modern lubricants. Originality/value – OSPs offer promising benefits as friction reducers in PAOs. The research also suggests that OSPs do not negate the formation of ZDDP anti-wear tribo-films when in combination in a PAO.


1988 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf ◽  
David D. Makel

AbstractFive different slip modes have been identified for bundles of copper fiberssliding on a smooth copper substrate in atmospheric air, argon and nitrogenat pressures from atmospheric to 0.01 Torr. These are stick-slip, variable sliding, intermittent stick sliding and two kinds of smooth sliding, one apparently a basic property of clean surfaces and the other due to contaminants. These forms of sliding are rather persistent once established, and they follow some trends. Specifically, low-pressure smooth sliding is coordinated with a value of the coefficient of friction (μ) near 0.15 and is seen when the surface film is exceptionally thin, while intermittent stick sliding appears to be due to “pads” on the substrate surface,and variable sliding to small particles caught in between the fibers and the copper substrate. However, the five slip modes are erratic in that under the same conditions one or another or yet a third may be observed, even though the electrical contact resistance (R) depends rather reproducibly on time, load, velocity, ambient atmosphere and pressure. That dependence indicates an equilibrium between film destruction through sliding and film formation, overwhelmingly through the presence of oxygen. In the stick-slip mode the difference between pst tic and ųK itic appears to be roughly proportional to ų 0.15, i.e. tfiee xcess of e average value of the friction coefficient above 0.15, being about 20% for ų 0.3 andvanishing near ų =0.15. During slip episodes, R spikes roughly in proportion to their magnitude. Some tentative interpretations are offered, based on the concept that ų consists of three additive components, namely due to the bulk (ųBulk), due to debris (ųDebris), and dueto scoring of surface films (ųFilm).At any rate, the conclusion that the results contradict all previous models of “adhesive” wearis inescapable.


Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gregor Patzer ◽  
Mathias Woydt

When looking in detail at analyses of the tribological load-carrying capacity of lubricants, it becomes apparent that an exclusive evaluation of the evolution of the coefficient of friction alone cannot provide any sufficient criteria for determining the occurrence of adhesive failure. For this reason, extending the knowledge base by combining several criteria in order to draw a clearer picture of adhesive wear mechanisms is urgently required. This can be achieved by combining the evolution of coefficient of friction with stroke signals and/or the electrical contact resistance and/or contact temperature and/or acoustic emission and/or stroke zero position, frictional power input and further derived parameters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Li ◽  
TianTian Liu ◽  
Yujuan Zhang ◽  
Pingyu Zhang ◽  
Shengmao Zhang

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants. Design/methodology/approach A four-ball machine is used to estimate the tribological properties of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants. Three-dimensional optical profiler and electrical contact resistance are evaluated to investigate the morphology of the worn surfaces and the influence of Cu NPs on tribofilms. Findings Wear tests show that the addition of Cu NPs as lubricant additives could reduce wear and increase load-carrying capacity of commercially available lubricants remarkably, indicating that Cu NPs have a good compatibility with the existing lubricant additives in commercially available lubricants. Originality/value The tribological properties of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in three kinds of commercially available lubricants were investigated in this paper. These results are reliable and can be very helpful for application of Cu NPs as lubricant additives in industry.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1112 ◽  
pp. 345-348
Author(s):  
Kanao Fukuda ◽  
Takehiro Morita

The authors have been developing objective and combinational analysis method for multiple kinds of data obtained by a repeated sliding test performed with a pin-on-disk apparatus to clarify the wear mechanisms. The developed analysis method successfully showed the growth rate and the size of adhered substances on the sliding surface for adhesive wear mechanism. In this paper, the developed method was applied for analyzing chronological changes in severe-mild wear forms transition to understand the phenomena more quantitatively. Friction force, pin specimen displacement perpendicular to the slid surface and electrical contact resistance between pin and disk specimens were employed as the multiple kinds of data. The devised analysis showed that the formation of a plateau with around 25 μm height on the slid surface is a key factor for the transition.


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