Long Term Consistency of Handwriting Grip Kinetics in Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassma Ghali ◽  
Khondaker A. Mamun ◽  
Tom Chau
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Over Time

While there is growing interest in clinical applications of handwriting grip kinetics, the consistency of these forces over time is not well-understood at present. In this study, we investigated the short- and long-term intra-participant consistency and inter-participant differences in grip kinetics associated with adult signature writing. Grip data were collected from 20 adult participants using a digitizing tablet and an instrumented pen. The first phase of data collection occurred over 10 separate days within a three week period. To ascertain long-term consistency, a second phase of data collection followed, one day per month over several months. In both phases, data were collected three times a day. After pre-processing and feature extraction, nonparametric statistical tests were used to compare the within-participant grip force variation between the two phases. Participant classification based on grip force features was used to determine the relative magnitude of inter-participant versus intra-participant differences. The misclassification rate for the longitudinal data were used as an indication of long term kinetic consistency. Intra-participant analysis revealed significant changes in grip kinetic features between the two phases for many participants. However, the misclassification rate, on average, remained stable, despite different demarcations of training, and testing data. This finding suggests that while signature writing grip forces may evolve over time, inter-participant kinetic differences consistently exceeds within-participant force changes in the long-term. These results bear implications on the collection, modeling and interpretation of grip kinetics in clinical applications.

scholarly journals Voices We Forget—Danish Students Experience of Returning to School Following Parental Bereavement

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lytje
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Parental Bereavement ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Academic Challenges ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Returning To School

This study explores how Danish students experience returning to school following parental bereavement. Eighteen focus group interviews with 39 participants aged 9 to 17 years were conducted. All participants had experienced the loss of a primary caregiver. Data collection was divided into two phases. In Phase I, 22 participants from four grief groups were interviewed 4 times over the course of a year. During Phase II, confirmatory focus groups were undertaken with the 17 participants. This article explores findings related to the four themes of initial school response, long-term support, challenges within the class, and academic challenges. The study found that (a) students struggle to reconnect with classmates following the return to school and often feel alone, (b) schools fail to have guidelines in place for what they are allowed to do if becoming sad the class, and (c) schools seem to forget their loss as time passes.

scholarly journals Estudio de la enseñanza de ecosistemas amazónicos a través de la metodología de aprendizaje basada en la resolución de problemas (ABRP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Nascimento ◽  
Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose was to analyze the Problem-based learning (PBL) as a methodological alternative for primary school that favor learning about Amazonian ecosystems. This research is descriptive with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The study was carried out with students from the 9th year of primary school. The teaching methodology based on the PBL was applied in two phases: In the first phase, a test of previous conceptions was carried out in order to know the perception of the students on topics related to some units of landscapes of the Amazonian ecosystems. The second phase consisted of the implementation of the learning methodology in the school environment. Four different phases were established in the application: i) selection of topics; ii) problem formulation; iii) problem solving; iv) synthesis and evaluation. The data collection instruments used were: preconceptions test and skills chart. The results showed that after the application of the ABRP methodology, the cognitive recognition of the Amazonian ecosystems can be perceived in the students, reaching additional goals that the PCN establish.

scholarly journals CITYGML MODELLING FOR SINGAPORE 3D NATIONAL MAPPING

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Soon ◽  
V. H. S. Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Scanning Technique ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Open Geospatial Consortium ◽  
Mobile Imaging ◽  
Two Phases

Since 2014, the Land Survey Division of Singapore Land Authority (SLA) has spearheaded a Whole-of-Government (WOG) 3D mapping project to create and maintain a 3D national map for Singapore. The implementation of the project is divided into two phases. The first phase of the project, which was based on airborne data collection, has produced 3D models for Relief, Building, Vegetation and Waterbody. This part of the work was completed in 2016. To complement the first phase, the second phase used mobile imaging and scanning technique. This phase is targeted to be completed by the mid of 2017 and is creating 3D models for Transportation, CityFurniture, Bridge and Tunnel. The project has extensively adopted the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)'s CityGML standard. Out of 10 currently supported thematic modules in CityGML 2.0, the project has implemented 8. The paper describes the adoption of CityGML in the project, and discusses challenges, data validations and management of the models.

scholarly journals Trajectory Design for UAV-Based Data Collection Using Clustering Model in Smart Farming

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tariq Qayyum ◽  
Zouheir Trabelsi ◽  
Asad Malik ◽  
Kadhim Hayawi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Delay Sensitive ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Collection Phase

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in facilitating data collection in remote areas due to their remote mobility. The collected data require processing close to the end-user to support delay-sensitive applications. In this paper, we proposed a data collection scheme and scheduling framework for smart farms. We categorized the proposed model into two phases: data collection and data scheduling. In the data collection phase, the IoT sensors are deployed randomly to form a cluster based on their RSSI. The UAV calculates an optimum trajectory in order to gather data from all clusters. The UAV offloads the data to the nearest base station. In the second phase, the BS finds the optimally available fog node based on efficiency, response rate, and availability to send workload for processing. The proposed framework is implemented in OMNeT++ and compared with existing work in terms of energy and network delay.

Audience development: a cross-national comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Cuenca-Amigo ◽  
Amaia Makua
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Audience Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of audience development, analysing differences between a number of countries and identifying common elements that underlie the concept regardless of the context. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the literature review, fieldwork has been conducted in the UK, Denmark, Italy, and Spain applying qualitative methodology. The study has been structured in two phases. The first phase comprised 26 in-depth interviews with European experts in audience development while the second phase consisted of six focus groups with European experts. Findings The paper reveals differences between countries, ranging from the definition of the term audience development to the approach undertaken. Despite this, a number of aspects, independent of the context and considered key to a successful audience development, are identified. These aspects are related to the consideration of the development of audiences as a transversal long-term strategy supported by the top management of the organisation. Originality/value The value provided is twofold. First, thanks to the empirical data used, the paper analyses the socio-cultural aspects that affect the emergence of country-specific approaches to audience development and it individuates general features and ideas that contribute to the better understanding of the concept itself. Second, it is one of the few academic works carried out in Spain on this issue.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Lakes and Sinkholes in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahdettin DEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Closed Basin ◽  
Thiessen Polygons ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Determining changes in the water level of lakes is essential in terms of flood control, water resource management, economic development, water-supply planning sustainability, and the sustainability of the ecosystem. Trend analysis is one of the most commonly used tools for detecting changes in the hydrological time series such as lake levels, precipitation and temperature. Trend analyses of meteorological variables and groundwater levels (baseflow components) are crucial toward the assessment of long-term changes in lake levels. This study aims to investigate the trend of long-term change in lakes (Lake Tuz and Lake Beyşehir) and sinkholes (Timraş and Kızören) in the Konya Closed Basin in Turkey. Changes in these lakes and sinkholes were examined along with changes in precipitation and groundwater trends representing the climate in the region. With the assistance of Thiessen polygons, precipitation stations, which affect the lakes and sinkholes, were determined. Several statistical tests exist that help determine the significance of hydrological trends over time. These tests are divided into two categories: parametric and nonparametric. In this study, the non parametric Innovative Sen trend test, the Modified Mann–Kendall trend test, and the parametric Linear Trend test were used. As a result of the trend analysis, it was observed that the water levels of Kızören and Timraş sinkholes decreased over time, and the water levels of Tuz Gölü and Beyşehir lakes increased over time. These results are supported by the trends of precipitation data and groundwater level data of the stations determined by the Thiessen polygons and sub-basin boundaries.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in anxiety level before and after reading and watching different types of online articles and videos respectively: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhe Zhou ◽  
Keying Liu
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
School Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Ecological Momentary

In recent years, researchers studying anxiety in high school students have determined that therapeutic videos and articles are effective as auxiliary intervention methods, but the specific types of videos or articles that are most effective still remain unclear. Current research has focused on the dynamic effect of various types of videos or articles on adolescents' anxiety levels, with the aim of finding suitable types of videos or articles to be used as materials during interventions. The study is divided into two phases. In the first phase of the study, a questionnaire was distributed to a total of 2120 participants from China regarding their anxiety level and their preferred materials during online surfing, The results indicate that five types of materials were related to adolescents’ anxiety levels. In the second phase of the study, Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to continuously measure 30 participants’ anxiety levels over the course of ten days. The results show that while scenic video, online fiction, classic literature, and literature criticism affected an individual’s emotions positively. There was no significant effect when entertainment videos were used. In addition, only scenic videos were able to alleviate anxiety in the long-term.

scholarly journals Changes in precipitation rates over the last 70 years in Eastern Paraná State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e15
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Toná Juliani ◽  
Cristhiane Michiko Passos Okawa ◽  
Miriam Rita Moro Mine
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Joseph Effect ◽  
Over Time

Temporal hydrometeorological series may present variations over time. The awareness of these characteristics is important to improve the monitoring of changes that these series may suffer along time. In this regard, the present paper aims to identify the existence of precipitation trends for the east portion of Paraná state, in Brazil, and also investigate the changes in the observed rates over the last 70 years. The statistical tests of Mann-Kendall and Pettitt, and also the Theil-Sen estimator, are applied for series of precipitation from 13 pluviometric stations of eastern Paraná state, Brazil, with 70 years of data records. By the results it was identified long-term linear positive trend for 11 of the precipitation series and also detected medium-term patterns in precipitation over 10 stations, characterizing the Joseph effect. These series have presented a behavior with higher rates in the most recent years in comparison from the first years of the historical data, sectioning the complete series into two shorter stationary periods, and presenting an abrupt change point.

Business-cycle fluctuations in economic activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Jesper Rangvid
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Business Cycle Fluctuations ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Two Phases

This chapter explains what the business cycle is and what causes business-cycle fluctuations. We call fluctuations in economic activity around the long-term growth trend ‘the business cycle’. The business cycle consists of two phases. The first is a period of strong economic activity. The second, following the first, is a period of weak economic activity. We call the first phase of the business cycle an ‘expansion’ and the second phase a ‘contraction’ or ‘recession’. The chapter explains what causes business cycles, and examines the empirical evidence on the lengths and strengths of the typical business cycle. It finds that expansions typically last longer than recessions. The chapter also shows that the length of expansions has increased during recent decades.

scholarly journals Predicting the durability of ship's machine parts and mechanisms on the criterion of material fatigue

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
В.К. Румб
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fatigue Curve ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Material Fatigue ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Moment

На основе теории о кристаллическом строении металлов рассмотрена физика усталостного разрушения. Показано, что зарождение и развитие усталостных трещин является случайным процессом, состоящим из двух фаз: первая – образование макроскопической (видимой) трещины; вторая – рост трещины до критических размеров, после которых наступает поломка детали. Приведены критерии работоспособности деталей по критерию усталости материала. Особое внимание уделено методическим положениям, позволяющим расчетным путем прогнозировать долговечность деталей для первой фазы усталости материала. Предлагаемая методика базируется на кривой усталости материала и корректированной гипотезе линейного суммирования повреждений. Отличительной особенностью методики является ее применимость для различных видов нагружения, в частности, показано как с ее помощью можно определять усталостную долговечность для режимного и блочного нагружений деталей. Отмечено, что для повышения точности прогнозирования долговечности необходимы дополнительные экспериментальные исследования прочности материала при циклическом нагружении, равном 1010 ÷ 1012циклов. В перспективе разработанная методика позволяет рассчитывать остаточную долговечность деталей как разность между расчетной долговечностью новой детали и ее наработкой до момента нового использования. Based on the theory about the crystalline structure of metals, the physics of fatigue destruction is considered. It is shown that the origin and development of fatigue cracks is a random process consisting of two phases: the first - the formation of a macroscopic (visible) crack; The second phase is the growth of the crack to critical dimensions, after which the part breaks. The criteria for the health of the parts are given on the criterion of material fatigue. Particular attention is paid to the methodical provisions, allowing the calculated way to predict the durability of parts for the first phase of material fatigue. The proposed technique is based on the material fatigue curve and the corrected hypothesis of linear summation of damage. A distinctive feature of the technique is its applicability for different types of loading, in particular, it shows how it can determine fatigue durability for the mode and block loading of parts. It is noted that additional experimental studies of the strength of the material in the cyclical load equal to 1010 ÷ 1012 cycles are needed to improve the accuracy of longevity prediction. In the long term, the developed technique allows to calculate the residual durability of parts as the difference between the calculated durability of the new part and its development until the moment of new use.

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