scholarly journals Microstructural Analysis of the Effects of Thermal Runaway on Li-Ion and Na-Ion Battery Electrodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Robinson ◽  
Donal P. Finegan ◽  
Thomas M. M. Heenan ◽  
Katherine Smith ◽  
Emma Kendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
The Self ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Runaway Process

Thermal runaway is a phenomenon that occurs due to self-sustaining reactions within batteries at elevated temperatures resulting in catastrophic failure. Here, the thermal runaway process is studied for a Li-ion and Na-ion pouch cells of similar energy density (10.5 Wh, 12 Wh, respectively) using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Both cells were constructed with a z-fold configuration, with a standard shutdown separator in the Li-ion and a low-cost polypropylene (PP) separator in the Na-ion. Even with the shutdown separator, it is shown that the self-heating rate and rate of thermal runaway in Na-ion cells is significantly slower than that observed in Li-ion systems. The thermal runaway event initiates at a higher temperature in Na-ion cells. The effect of thermal runaway on the architecture of the cells is examined using X-ray microcomputed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the failed electrodes of both cells. Finally, from examination of the respective electrodes, likely due to the carbonate solvent containing electrolyte, it is suggested that thermal runaway in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) occurs via a similar mechanism to that reported for Li-ion cells.

Investigation of the self-discharge behaviors of the LiMn2O4 cathode at elevated temperatures: in situ X-ray diffraction analysis and a co-doping mitigation strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 13364-13371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Miao Bai ◽  
Weiwei Wu ◽  
Shaowen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
The Self ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Limn2o4 Cathode

The lithium ion re-intercalated into the LiMn2O4 lattice during self-discharge.

Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni in Relation to its Microstructure

2000 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dalla Torre ◽  
H. Van Swygenhoven ◽  
M. Victoria ◽  
R. Schaeublin ◽  
W. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Condensation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy

ABSTRACTMechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni made by Inert Gas Condensation and Electrodeposition are presented in relation to their microstructure. Significant plasticity is only observed at elevated temperatures for both types of nanocrystalline Ni. However, a higher temperature is needed in the Inert gas condensated material. Careful analysis of the microstructure by means of X-ray diffraction and conventional electron microscopy reveal initial differences in as-prepared samples. The change in microstructure during deformation at elevated temperatures and during heat treatment without external load is investigated and information about the deformation mechanisms is reported.

Effects of NaBH4 Additions on Hydrogen Absorption by Nanostructured FeTi Powders

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia F. Marques ◽  
Raquel A. Silva ◽  
Jose Brito Correia ◽  
Nobumitsu Shohoji ◽  
Carmen M. Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Scanning Electron

FeTi intermetallic powders are very promising media for reversible hydrogen storage. However, difficult activation treatments including annealing at elevated temperatures in high pressure H2 gas atmosphere are mandatory. In the present work nanostructured FeTi powders were produced and activated in situ at room temperature using mechanical alloying/milling (MA/MM) of pure metallic constituents, Fe and Ti, added with sodium borohydride. The resultant powders, FeTiHx, already H2 pre-charged, absorbed a significant amount of H2 but require optimization for reversible absorption/desorption. This system has one of the highest volumetric storage capacities and can be produced at low cost. Several parameters of the as-milled powders were controlled. The phase constitution of the reaction products was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and the absorption isotherms of the activated powders were determined.

scholarly journals Thermal Runaway of a Li-Ion Battery Studied by Combined ARC and Multi-Length Scale X-ray CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (9) ◽  
pp. 090511
Author(s):  
Drasti Patel ◽  
James B. Robinson ◽  
Sarah Ball ◽  
Daniel J. L. Brett ◽  
Paul R. Shearing
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Li Ion

Microstructural Analysis on Biochar Obtained from Rubber Wood Sawdust via Slow Pyrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazman Farhaneem ◽  
Sian Meng Se ◽  
Mohd Fairuz Dimin ◽  
Azizah Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Rubber Wood ◽  
Higher Temperature

Biochar was derived from the crop residue as multifunction materials for agriculture purposes and a soil amendment to improve soil fertility. Rubber wood sawdust (RWSD) was heated slowly inside the vertical furnace for an hour at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 700 °C. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperatures on the physiochemical properties of the biochar. The properties of biochar were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with Energy Dispersive X-ray for elemental analysis. It was found that pore size distribution was more uniform on samples heated at higher temperature (700 °C). The SEM-EDX analysis confirmed the O:C ratio was directly proportional to the heating temperature. These means that slow pyrolysis of RWSD at 700 °C could produce biochar of greater cation exchange capacity (CEC) that important for soil fertility improvement.

scholarly journals Crystallization Behavior and Microstructural Analysis of Lead-Rich () Glass Ceramics Containing 1 mole

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Gautam ◽  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Om Parkash
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Higher Temperature

Solid solution of perovskite Pb,SrTiO3in Pb-rich composition can be crystallized in borosilicate glassy matrix. The addition of rare earth and transition metal oxides is known to influence the crystallization behavior and surface morphology of perovskite crystallites in glassy matrix. In the present paper, the glasses in the lead-rich system 64[(PbxSr1-x)·TiO3]-25[2SiO2·B2O3]-5[K2O]-5[BaO] () with the addition of 1 mol % La2O3were prepared to study its effect on their crystallization behavior. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) patterns show one or more exothermic crystallization sharp peaks, which shift towards higher temperature with increasing concentration of SrO. The glasses were subjected to various heat-treatment schedules for crystallization. X-ray diffraction analysis of these glass ceramic samples shows that major crystalline phase of the entire glass ceramic sample with was found to have tetragonal structure similar to PbTiO3ceramic, and addition of La2O3enhances the crystallization of the perovskite phase and retards the crystallization of minor phases.

scholarly journals In situ healing of dendrites in a potassium metal battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 5588-5594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Hundekar ◽  
Swastik Basu ◽  
Xiulin Fan ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Anthony Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Oxide Cathode ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Li Ion

The use of potassium (K) metal anodes could result in high-performance K-ion batteries that offer a sustainable and low-cost alternative to lithium (Li)-ion technology. However, formation of dendrites on such K-metal surfaces is inevitable, which prevents their utilization. Here, we report that K dendrites can be healed in situ in a K-metal battery. The healing is triggered by current-controlled, self-heating at the electrolyte/dendrite interface, which causes migration of surface atoms away from the dendrite tips, thereby smoothening the dendritic surface. We discover that this process is strikingly more efficient for K as compared to Li metal. We show that the reason for this is the far greater mobility of surface atoms in K relative to Li metal, which enables dendrite healing to take place at an order-of-magnitude lower current density. We demonstrate that the K-metal anode can be coupled with a potassium cobalt oxide cathode to achieve dendrite healing in a practical full-cell device.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of metastable wurtzite phase into the self-catalyzed GaP NWs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
O Yu Koval ◽  
V V Fedorov ◽  
I E Eliseev ◽  
A D Bolshakov ◽  
D A Kirilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wurtzite Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Complex Approach

Abstract In this letter, we report the growth of the self-catalyzed GaP nanowires with a high concentration of wurtzite phase by molecular beam epitaxy. Formation of rotational twins and wurtzite polymorph in vertical nanowires was observed by the developed a complex approach based on the transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction method. Microstructural analysis performed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy gives us insights on the nanowire formation mechanism and vibrational properties of nanowires with mixed crystal phase. We obtained wurtzite polytype segments with thicknesses lying in the range from several tens up to 500 nm. The results of the work open new perspectives for high phase purity phosphide NWs synthesis and its fast investigation with XRD technique using a laboratory X-Ray source.

The Effects of Nano-SiO2 on the Chemical Composition of Layers on Aluminum Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Xiang Bo Suo ◽  
Ji Qiu ◽  
Shi Ning Ma ◽  
Hong Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
7A52 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Higher Temperature

In this article, a nano-SiO2/micro-arc oxide composite coating layer was prepared on the surface of 7A52 Aluminum alloy by addition of SiO2 nanoparticles into the micro-arc oxidation electrolyte to enhance the performance of the formed oxidative layer. Then, the composite oxidative layer was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate its elemental and chemical compositions, as well as their respective distributions. The results revealed that at elevated temperatures resulted from micro-arc discharge, the SiO2 in the composite reacted with Al2O3 (the major content of the micro-arc oxidative layer) to form a new compound known as mullite. In addition, the contents of SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 in the inner layer of the oxidative layer were lower than those in the surface layer. This can be explained by the higher temperature in the inner layer which motivated the formation of mullite and α-Al2O3 from SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 respectively during the micro-arc oxidation process.

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