scholarly journals Control of Spray Evaporative Cooling in Automotive Internal Combustion Engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jafari ◽  
J. F. Dunne ◽  
M. Langari ◽  
Z. Yang ◽  
J.-P. Pirault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Coolant Pump ◽  
Load Variation ◽  
Load Conditions

A novel approach is proposed for precise control of two-phase spray evaporative cooling for thermal management of road vehicle internal combustion (IC) engines. A reduced-order plant model is first constructed by combining published spray evaporative cooling correlations with approximate governing heat transfer equations appropriate for IC engine thermal management. Control requirements are specified to allow several objectives to be met simultaneously under different load conditions. A control system is proposed and modeled in abstract form to achieve spray evaporative cooling of a gasoline engine, with simplifying assumptions made about the characteristics of the coolant pump, spray nozzle, and condenser. The system effectiveness is tested by simulation to establish its ability to meet key requirements, particularly concerned with precision control during transients resulting from rapid engine load variation. The results confirm the robustness of the proposed control strategy in accurately tracking a specified temperature profile at various constant load conditions, and also in the presence of realistic transient load variation.

Compressor Design for Multi-Point Operating Conditions of Turbocharged Gasoline Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yangjun Zhang ◽  
Xinqian Zheng ◽  
Weilin Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Load Conditions

Turbocharger compressor design is a major challenge for performance improvement of turbocharged internal combustion engines. This paper presents a multi-point design methodology for turbocharger centrifugal compressors. In this approach, several design operating condition points of turbocharger compressor are considered according to total engine system requirements, instead of one single operating point for traditional design method. Different compressor geometric parameters are selected and investigated at multi-point operating conditions for the flow-solutions of different design objectives. The method has been applied with success to a small centrifugal compressor design of a turbocharged gasoline engine. The results show that the consideration of several operating points is essential to improve the aerodynamic behavior for the whole working range. The isentropic efficiency has been increased by more than 5% at part-load conditions while maintaining the pressure ratio and flow range at full-load conditions of the gasoline engine.

THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTAKE VALVE TIMING ON ENGINE USING CYLINDER DEACTIVATION TECHNIQUE VIA SIMULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Zainal Abidin ◽  
M. F. Muhamad Said ◽  
Z. Abdul Latiff ◽  
I. Zahari ◽  
M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Cylinder Deactivation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Load Conditions

There are many technologies that being developed to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines as well as reducing their fuel consumption.  In this paper, the main area of focus is on cylinder deactivation (CDA) technology. CDA is mostly being applied on multi cylinders engines. CDA has the advantage to improve fuel consumption by reducing pumping losses at part load engine conditions. Here, the application of CDA on 1.6L four cylinders gasoline engine is studied. One-dimensional (1D) engine modeling work is performed to investigate the effect of intake valve strategy on engine performance with CDA. 1D engine model is constructed based on the 1.6L actual engine geometries. The model is simulated at various engine speeds at full load conditions. The simulated results show that the constructed model is well correlated to measured data. This correlated model is then used to investigate the CDA application at part load conditions. Also, the effects on the in-cylinder combustion as well as pumping losses are presented. The study shows that the effect of intake valve strategy is very significant on engine performance. Pumping losses is found to be reduced, thus improve fuel consumption and engine efficiency.

Effect of IC Engine Operating Conditions on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Good Agreement

Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate, and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data show that for good agreement with experimental results on the peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle, spark ignition energy and local cylinder pressure must be properly modeled. The results obtained for NO and CO showed features which are qualitatively in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multicomponent chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Spray Evaporative Cooling System Design for Automotive Internal Combustion Engines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisjoe T. Jose ◽  
Julian F. Dunne ◽  
Jean-Pierre Pirault ◽  
Christopher A. Long
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Finite Difference Equations ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

IC engine spray evaporative cooling system design is discussed starting with a review of existing evaporative cooling systems that automotive applications are required to address. A component-level system design is proposed culminating in a simulation model of a PID strategy used to control transient gasside metal temperatures with varying engine load. The model combines a spray evaporation correlation model with 1D finite-difference equations to model the transient heat transfer through a 7 mm thick metal slab which represents the wall of a cylinderhead. Based on the simulation results, the particular changes required of existing engine cooling jacket designs are discussed.

Optimize Vane Length to Improve In-Cylinder Air Characteristic of CI Engine Using Higher Viscous Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Saad ◽  
Saiful Bari
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Vane Angle

Environmental issues and the depletion of worldwide crude oil sources have developed the requirement for an alternative fuel to power internal combustion engines. Vegetable oil, waste cooking oil and biodiesel are all renewable, environmentally sustainable and compatible with current Compression Ignition (CI) engines with little to no engine modification necessary. These fuels however have a higher viscosity than conventional petro-diesel and may be referred to as Higher Viscous Fuels (HVF). HVF have reduced in-cylinder combustion efficiency when compared with petro-diesel which reduces the engine performance in terms of output power, torque and fuel efficiency. A possible solution to the reduced efficiency is through the use of a Guide Vane Swirl and Tumble Device (GVSTD). This device when installed in front of the air intake manifold may produce improved air flow characteristics. This improves the efficiency of the evaporation processes and air-fuel mixing and therefore improves overall combustion efficiency. The effect of GVSTDs on in-cylinder air flow was studied using 3D Internal Combustion (IC) engine simulation under motored engine conditions. This was done using ANSYS-CFX. The base model engine was adapted from the Hino W04D model CI engine. The model throughout all simulations was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. There are four parameters to consider for GVSTD models; vane length, vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes. For the purpose of this study, the vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes were maintained as constants leaving the vane length as the variable parameter. 11 GVSTD models were simulated each varying from 1.5 to 4.5 times the radius of the intake runner (R) in 0.3R increments. To analyze the air-flow characteristics, the maximum in-cylinder pressure, Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) and velocity were measured. It was found that for the constant values for vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes of 0.2R, 35° twist angle and 4 perpendicularly-arranged respectively, the in-cylinder pressure, TKE and velocity were optimum for the vane lengths of 3.6 to 3.9 times R.

Experimental Study of Spark Plasma Stretching and Combustion Variations Analysis Using Flame Luminosity Images From an Optically Accessible Internal Combustion Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behdad Afkhami ◽  
Yanyu Wang ◽  
Scott A. Miers ◽  
Jeffrey D. Naber
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Flame Kernel ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Intensity Images ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Abstract Understanding the behavior of spark plasma and flame initiation in internal combustion engines leads to improvement in fuel economy and exhaust emissions. This paper experimentally investigated spark plasma stretching and cycle-to-cycle variations under various engine speed, load, and air–fuel mixtures using natural luminosity images. Natural luminosity images of combustion in an IC engine provide information about the flame speed, rate of energy release, and combustion stability. Binarization of the intensity images has been a desirable method for detecting flame front and studying flame propagation in combustors. However, binarization can cause a loss of information in the images. To study spark plasma stretching, the location of maximum intensity was tracked and compared to the trajectory of the flame centroid in binarized images as a representative for bulk flow motion. Analysis showed comparable trends between the trajectories of the flame centroid and spark stretching. From three air–fuel mixtures, the spark plasma for the lean mixture appeared to be more sensitive to the stretching. In addition, this research investigated combustion variations using two-dimensional (2D) intensity images and compared the results to coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) computed from in-cylinder pressure data. The results revealed a good correlation between the variations of the luminosity field during the main phase of combustion and the COV of IMEP. However, during the ignition and very early flame kernel formation, utilizing the luminosity field was more powerful than in-cylinder pressure-related parameters to capture combustion variations.

A Numerical Investigation of Combustion Chamber Geometry Effects on Natural Gas Direct Injection Properties in a SI Engine With Centrally Mounted Multi-Hole Injector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Yadollahi ◽  
Masoud Boroomand
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Validity Of Results

Due to the vast resources of natural gas (NG), it has emerged as an alternative fuel for SI internal combustion engines in recent years. The need to have better fuel economy and less emission especially that of greenhouse gases has resulted in development of NG fueled engines. Direct injection of natural gas into the cylinder of SI internal combustion engines has shown great potential for improvement of performance and reduction of engine emissions especially CO2 and PM. Direct injection of NG into the cylinder of SI engines is rather new thus the flow field phenomena and suitable configuration of injector and combustion chamber geometry has not been investigated completely. In this study a numerical model has been developed in AVL FIRE software to perform investigation of direct natural gas injection into the cylinder of spark ignition internal combustion engines. In this regard, two main parts have been taken into consideration aiming to convert an MPFI gasoline engine to direct injection NG engine. In the first part of study multidimensional numerical simulation of transient injection process, mixing and flow field have been performed via different validation cases in order to assure the numerical model validity of results. Adaption of such a modeling was found to be a challenging task because of required computational effort and numerical instabilities. In all cases present results were found to have excellent agreement with experimental and numerical results from literature. In the second part, using the moving mesh capability, the validated model has been applied to methane injection into the cylinder of a direct injection engine. Five different piston head shapes have been taken into consideration in investigations. An inwardly opening multi-hole injector has been adapted to all cases. The injector location has been set to be centrally mounted. The effects of combustion chamber geometry have been studied on mixing of air-fuel inside cylinder via quantitative and qualitative representation of results. Based on the results, suitable geometrical configuration for a NG DI engine has been discussed.

scholarly journals Advanced Technologies for the Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10842
Author(s):  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Luca Marchitto
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Advanced Technologies

Even in a scenario where electric vehicles gain market share and the sale of internal combustion engines is gradually reduced, at the present time, there are still no real options that can totally replace the internal combustion (IC) engine over the entire range of its applications [...]

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