The Prototype for X Framework: Assessing Impact on Self-Reported Prototyping Behavior of Student Designers

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Menold ◽  
Kathryn Jablokow ◽  
Timothy Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Quantitative Results

A significant gap exists between engineering students' perceptions of prototypes and prototyping abilities and professionals' perceptions and abilities. Structured prototyping frameworks have recently been developed and proposed as a means to help students close this gap, but the effects of these frameworks on students' behavior have not been assessed. The purpose of this work is to investigate if and how a structured prototyping framework affects the self-reported prototyping behaviors of engineering students. Understanding how structured prototyping frameworks affect students can provide educators with a deeper understanding of the way their students adopt and understand design methods. A mixed method study is presented. A 15-item survey and two open-ended questions were distributed to 235 students in a junior-level mechanical engineering design class in order to capture self-reported prototyping behavior. Quantitative results indicate that significant differences in engineering students' prototyping behaviors exist across time and between groups. Results from qualitative analysis indicate that students in the control group focused solely on improving technical quality, while students in both experimental groups focused on a wider range of design qualities. This study is the first to demonstrate that a structured prototyping framework can affect engineering students' self-reported prototyping behaviors during design activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Multidisciplinary Participatory Design Method on Students’ Engineering Design Process

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Yu-Hung Chien ◽  
Chun-Kai Yao ◽  
Yu-Han Chao
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Experimental Group

This study took the ergonomics design course as an example to propose a design teaching model of multidisciplinary participatory design (MPD), and investigated the effects of this teaching model on the engineering design behavior of college students. We used lag behavior sequential analysis to compare the design behaviors of three student groups: a participatory design (PD) experimental group, an MPD experimental group, and a control group. The results of the study show that (1) students in the PD experimental group had 13 significant sequential engineering design behaviors, students in the MPD experimental group had 10, and students in the control group had only seven. The engineering design behaviors of the experimental groups were more diversified than those of the control group. (2) The three groups of students had a small number of significant design behavior transfers in the engineering design process, indicating that the students’ sequential design behaviors between two different design activities were insufficient. We concluded by detailing the pros and cons of using the MPD teaching model based on the results of this study, and hopefully by providing a reference for teaching engineering design.

scholarly journals Is orgasmic meditation a form of sex?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Siegel ◽  
Caryn Roth ◽  
Elisabeth Bolaza ◽  
Benjamin Emmert-Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Meditative Practice ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Multiple Behaviors ◽  
Over Time

Orgasmic Meditation(OM) is a structured, partnered meditative practice in which one person, who can be any gender, strokes the clitoris of their partner for 15 minutes. As such, it resembles a sexual activity. OM is taught as a practice that is distinct from sex, and we wondered whether people who engage in OM actually maintain that distinction themselves. We conducted an online convenience sample survey including qualitative open-ended text questions and quantitative Likert-style questions that was distributed to email listservs for practitioners of OM. The 30-item questionnaire included questions designed to differentiate the potentially related concepts of OM, seated meditation, fondling, and sex, as bases for comparison. The quantitative results of this mixed method study show that OM practitioners view the practice as significantly more similar to meditation than to sex or fondling. These results were consistent, regardless of whether the question was asked in the positive or negative and whether OM was being compared to one behavior individually or to multiple behaviors at the same time. The distinction between OM and sex/fondling rapidly becomes more pronounced as practitioners complete more OMs. This suggests that the novelty of genital touching in meditation may diminish over time, as practitioners get used to the more alternative point of focus. The results of this study have implications for the practice and how it is approached and regulated.

scholarly journals Differences in medication reconciliation interventions between six hospitals: a mixed method study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementine Stuijt ◽  
Bart van den Bemt ◽  
Vreneli Boerlage ◽  
Marjo Janssen ◽  
Katja Taxis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Medication Reconciliation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Medication Discrepancies ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Qualitative Part ◽  
Medication Optimization ◽  
Patient Mix

Background Although medication reconciliation (MedRec) is mandated and effective in decreasing preventable medication errors during transition of care, hospitals implement MedRec differently. Objective Quantitatively compare the number and type of MedRec interventions between hospitals upon admission and discharge, followed by a qualitative analysis on potential reasons for these differences. Methods This explanatory retrospective mixed method study consisted of a quantitative and a qualitative part. Patients from six hospitals and various wards were included if MedRec was performed both on hospital admission and discharge. Information on pharmacy interventions to resolve unintended discrepancies and medication optimizations were collected. Based on these quantitative results, interviews and a focus group was performed to give insight in MedRec processes. Descriptive analysis was used for the quantitative-, content analysis for the qualitative part. Results On admission, patients with at least one discrepancy varied from 36-95% (mean per patient 2.2 (SD +/- 2.4) Upon discharge, these numbers ranged from 5-28% while optimizations reached 2% (admission) to 95% (discharge).The main themes explaining differences in numbers of interventions were patient-mix, healthcare professionals involved, location and moment of the interview plus embedding and extent of medication optimization. Conclusions Hospitals differed greatly in the number of interventions performed during MedRec. A combination of patient-mix, healthcare professionals involved, location and timing of the interview plus embedding and extent of medication optimization resulted in the highest yield of MedRec interventions on unintended medication discrepancies and optimizations. This study supports to give direction to optimize MedRec processes in hospitals.

Can Design Teams Be Empathically Creative? A Simulation-Based Investigation on the Role of Team Empathy on Concept Generation and Selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alsager Alzayed ◽  
Scarlett R. Miller ◽  
Jessica Menold ◽  
Jacquelyn Huff ◽  
Christopher McComb
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research on empathy has been surging in popularity in the engineering design community since empathy is known to help designers develop a deeper understanding of the users’ needs. Because of this, the design community has been invested in devising and assessing empathic design activities. However, research on empathy has been primarily limited to individuals, meaning we do not know how it impacts team performance, particularly in the concept generation and selection stages of the design process. Specifically, it is unknown how the empathic composition of teams, average (elevation) and standard deviation (diversity) of team members’ empathy, would impact design outcomes in the concept generation and selection stages of the design process. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of team trait empathy on concept generation and selection in an engineering design student project. This was accomplished through a computational simulation of 13,482 teams of noninteracting brainstorming individuals generated by a statistical bootstrapping technique drawing upon a design repository of 806 ideas generated by first-year engineering students. The main findings from the study indicate that the elevation in team empathy positively impacted simulated teams’ unique idea generation and selection while the diversity in team empathy positively impacted teams’ generation of useful ideas. The results from this study can be used to guide team formation in engineering design.

scholarly journals DESIGN DAYS BOOT CAMP 2.0: IMPROVEMENTS AND CONNECTIONS TO CEAB GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Howcroft ◽  
Igor Ivkovic ◽  
Matthew J. Borland ◽  
Maud Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Boot Camp ◽  
First Year ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Graduate Attributes ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Intended Learning Outcomes

Engineering design is a critical skill that all engineering students are expected to learn and is often the focus of final year capstone projects and first-year cornerstone projects. In the Systems Design Engineering Department at the University of Waterloo, engineering design is introduced to the students during an intense two-day Design Days Boot Camp. Design Days was originally conceived of and run in Fall 2016. The Fall 2018 version, Design Days 2.0, included substantial improvements focused on adding two additional design activities and a writing activity, strengthening the connection with first year content, and providing a greater variety of team experiences. The methods of achieving the nine intended learning outcomes of Design Days 2.0 are discussed and connected to CEAB graduate attributes. This demonstrates that meaningful learning can be achieved during a two-day boot camp that will starts students on the path towards professional engineering. Other departments are encouraged to use the presented intended learning outcomes, graduate attributes connections, and Design Days 2.0 descriptions as a template for their own design boot camp. Finally, Design Days 2.0 inspired ideas for further improvements including the incorporation of a software-focused design activity, adding budgetary constraints, and providing an opportunity for student reflection.

The Effect of Learners’ Autonomous Textbook Selection on Intermediate Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Farrokh
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
English As Foreign Language ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Textbook Selection ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The ability to employ the language as a communicational tool often serves as a measure of one’s speaking success in the language learning class. This research sought to investigate the effect of learners’ autonomous textbook selection on the speaking ability of Iranian English as foreign language (EFL) learners. Moreover, finding and analyzing factors considered by the learners in selecting the textbooks were another aim of this research. Sixty Iranian intermediate EFL learners from the Simin Language Institute in Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran, were selected as the participants of the study based on their scores on Oxford Placement Test. This test determines the level of the students’ English proficiency. These participants were randomly assigned into the control and experimental groups. An interview procedure was run as their pretest. The experimental group studied from their selected books, besides the researcher’s teaching in the class. After 16 sessions, a posttest, the same as the pretest, was run as well. The quantitative results indicated the superior performance of the experimental group over the control group. Furthermore, an analysis of the Litz’s (2000) questionnaire shows that learners considered criteria such as practical considerations, layout and design, activities, skills, language type, subject and content of the selected books.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Risk Mitigation Measures for People With Substance Use Disorders to Address the Dual Public Health Crises of COVID-19 and Overdose in British Columbia: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Nosyk ◽  
Amanda Slaunwhite ◽  
Karen Urbanoski ◽  
Natt Hongdilokkul ◽  
Heather Palis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic was preceded by an ongoing overdose crisis and linked to escalating drug overdose deaths in British Columbia (BC). At the outset of these dual public health emergencies, the BC government announced interim Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) that permitted prescribing medication alternatives to substances, including opioids, alcohol, stimulants, and benzodiazepines, an intervention sometimes referred to as ‘Safe Supply’. This protocol outlines the approach for a study of the implementation of RMG and its impacts on COVID-19 infection, drug-related and systemic harms, continuity of care for people with substance use disorder, as well as their behavioural, psychosocial, and well-being outcomes.MethodsWe conduct a parallel mixed-method study that involves both analysis of population-level administrative health data and primary data collection, including a 10-week longitudinal observational study (target n=200), a cross-sectional survey (target n=200), and qualitative interviews (target n=60). We have implemented a participatory approach to this evaluation, partnering with people with lived or living experience of substance use, as well as researchers and public health decision-makers across the province. Linked population-level administrative databases will analyze data from a cohort of BC residents with an indication of substance use disorder between 1996 and 2000. We will conduct a high-dimensional propensity score matching and marginal structural modeling to construct a control group and assess the impact of RMG dispensation receipt on a collaboratively-determined set of primary and secondary outcomes.DiscussionThis study constitutes the first formal evaluation of a province-wide program providing regulated pharmaceutical alternatives to the toxic drug supply. The study features an integrated knowledge translation approach, including communications with people with lived/living experience of substance use and consortium meetings with various stakeholders. Supported by the unique research context in BC, our selected mixed method study design will provide an exceptionally strong evidence base to judge not only the impact of the initial implementation of RMG, but also critical evidence on the implementation of the program, which can be used to adapt its future iterations if deemed successful.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment of the Sounds of the English Language that Pre-Service EFL Teachers Consider Problematic to Pronounce

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kapranov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Efl Teachers

The article presents and discusses a mixed-method study that aimed at establishing how pre-service teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) self-assessed those sounds of the English language that would cause problems for their pronunciation in EFL. Fourteen pre-service EFL teachers on the intermediate level of EFL proficiency whose first language (L1) was Norwegian were recruited for the study. They were asked to write reflectiveessays concerning the sounds of the English language that they considered problematic to pronounce. The participants’ essays were contrasted with the essays written by the control group that was comprised of 14 in-service EFL teachers whose L1 was Norwegian. The results of the analysis revealed that the participants identified several English sounds that they self-assessed as problematic to pronounce, e.g. /z/, /ð/, /θ/, and /ʌ/. The analysis of the controls’ essays yielded similar results. These findings and their linguo-didactic implications are discussed in the article.

scholarly journals Affordance in Socio-Material Networks: A Mixed Method Study of Researchers' Groups and Analog-Digital Objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Belli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Digital Materiality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In this paper, we argue that we can better understand the relationship between social interaction and materiality by linking qualitative analysis of analog and digital practices, adopting Basov's model of socio-material networks. Our research questions turn about the interrogation of how social links distress the usage of analog and digital objects by researchers. We consider scientific networks with the relationship between researchers and their tools as a three-level social material network. It sheds light on how different types of researchers position their engagement with analog and digital materiality over time and its affordance and emotional attachment. This study contributes to the understanding of researchers' practices that involve new and old techniques and specific and not-specific tools.

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