The Impact of Weighting Methods and Behavioral Attitudes on the Weighting Process in Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Tzioutziou ◽  
Yiannis Xenidis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Attitudes ◽  
Weighting Methods

Abstract The determination of weights in decision-making problems can be deduced as a complex process of preference formation. Preferences are expressions of behavioral attitudes and are affected by external circumstances, such as risk and ambiguity. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of both the human factor and the weighting methods on the weighting process in decision-making problems. Based on relevant literature a new methodology is proposed and applied to identify with the use of a psychometric function the behavioral attitudes of decision-making analysts against risk and ambiguity. Furthermore, the examination of process-related features such as the weighting method, the weighting scale and the weighting problem's presentation provides additional knowledge on the understanding of the weighting process in decision-making problems. Thus, an original survey is designed, aiming at: (a) the identification of the respondents' attitudinal preferences based on multiple personality tests and (b) the elicitation of weight assignments through the use of different weighting tasks and subtasks. The findings reveal that the weightings and their consistency are significantly affected by the elicitation method, the nature of the weighting scale and the problem's framing. It is also interesting that the decision analysts' behavioral traits, in association with the problem's methodological aspects, affect the weight assignments, thus providing evidence for the potential to predict weightings in the decision-making process.

Medication Decision Making Among African American Caregivers of Children With ADHD: A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472093078
Author(s):  
Amy Glasofer ◽  
Catherine Dingley ◽  
Andrew Thomas Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
African American ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Barriers ◽  
African American Caregivers

Background: Significant pharmacotherapy disparities exist among children from ethnic minorities with ADHD. Objective: The purpose of this review is to synthesize existing evidence on African American caregiver medication decision making (MDM) for children with ADHD. Method: Databases queried for this review included the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, PubMed, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Information regarding the unique culturally specific barriers and supports to MDM were examined through the relevant literature search. Results: Fourteen articles were included in this review (seven observational studies, four qualitative studies, three mixed methods studies). Three main themes were identified which include (a) fundamental perspectives of ADHD, and cultural norms for child behavior; (b) the impact of fundamental perspectives on MDM in ADHD; and (c) ADHD diagnosis and treatment as forms of social control. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations for clinicians are provided, along with direction for future research.

scholarly journals On the Diversity-Based Weighting Method for Risk Assessment and Decision-Making about Natural Hazards

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Weighting Methods ◽  
Coefficient Method

The entropy-weighting method (EWM) and variation coefficient method (VCM) are two typical diversity-based weighting methods, which are widely used in risk assessment and decision-making for natural hazards. However, for the attributes with a specific range of values (RV), the weights calculated by EWM and VCM (abbreviated as WE and WV) may be irrational. To solve this problem, a new indicator representing the dipartite degree is proposed, which is called the coefficient of dipartite degree (CDD), and the corresponding weighting method is called the dipartite coefficient method (DCM). Firstly, based on a large amount of statistical data, a comparison between the EWM and VCM is carried out. It is found that there is a strong correlation between the weights calculated by the EWM and VCM (abbreviated as WE and WV); however, in some cases the difference between WE and WV is big. Especially when the diversity of attributes is high, WE may be much larger than WV. Then, a comparison of the DCM, EWM and VCM is carried out based on two case studies. The results indicate that DCM is preferred for determining the weights of the attributes with a specific RV, and if the values of attributes are large enough, the EWM and VCM are both available. The EWM is more suitable for distinguishing the alternatives, but prudence is required when the diversity of an attribute is high. Finally, the applications of the diversity-based weighting method in natural hazards are discussed.

The Impact of Ambiguity-induced Error in Offender Decision-making: Evidence from the Field

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782110000
Author(s):  
Greg Midgette ◽  
Thomas A. Loughran ◽  
Sarah Tahamont
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Criminal Justice Program ◽  
Program Compliance ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Justice Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weighting Methods

Objectives: To invoke behavioral economics theories of ambiguity in the context of offender decision-making, and to test the impact of ambiguity in punishment certainty on offender decisions. Methods: We leverage a quasi-experimental condition among a sample of drunk driving arrestees that are tested for alcohol use and subject to mandatory brief incarceration for a violation. The treatment condition relaxes a zero-tolerance alcohol rule, thereby introducing design-based ambiguity surrounding the certainty of punishment. We use Mahalanobis matching and propensity score weighting methods to estimate the impact of ambiguity on violations. We then interrogate this finding with complementary sensitivity analyses. Results: When facing the ambiguity condition participants are 27–28 percentage points (84–93 percent) more likely to violate program conditions after 30 days of supervision. We demonstrate that a statistical difference in violations due to ambiguity is still detectible at 90 and 180 days of supervision. These results are robust to alternative specifications and falsification tests. Conclusions: This study is the first to examine the impact of ambiguity on criminal justice program compliance using a quasi-experiment from the field. We further demonstrate the unintended costs to persons under supervision and jurisdictions of laxity in program design, which are applicable across criminal justice domains.

scholarly journals Manufacturing applications of the VIKOR approach: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673-1695
Author(s):  
Neylan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Journal Title ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Vikor Method ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Sorting Technique

VIKOR is a selecting and sorting technique for addressing problems and optimising multi-criteria decision making in complex systems. This study sought the relevant literature to categorise, analyse, and discuss the content and extent of existing studies that used the VIKOR method for applications in manufacturing. The study examined 84 studies published throughout 2018–2020. The studies were categorised by publication dates, author(s) name, techniques and methods, weighting method, comparison method, description of comparison results (comparing a given method to others), testing applicability, and journal-title. Analyses revealed that approximately 35 of the published studies involving VIKOR were related to its strategic use in manufacturing decisions and applications. In 2019, manufacturing was represented more than any other field among all published VIKOR papers, and Sustainability published more of the VIKOR-related articles than any other journal. Interestingly, the integrated and fuzzy VIKOR methods were used more than the traditional VIKOR method. Furthermore, the review results show that VIKOR is flexible enough to be continuously improved by integrating it with the new multi-criteria decision-making methods. This literature review can guide researchers and practitioners in applying VIKOR in various manufacturing fields.      

The Impact of Human Behavior on Cyber Security

2016 ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Nancy Houston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Perhaps the greatest challenge to cyber security is that people are inherently behind each cyber problem as well as its solution. The reality is that people have been stealing secrets and information and attacking others for thousands of years; the technology of the Internet just allows it to happen at a faster pace and on a larger scale. This chapter describes aspects of human behavior that impact cyber security efforts. Cognitive overload, bias, incentives and behavioral traits all affect the decision making of both those who develop policy and strategy, those who fall victim to cyber attacks, and those who initiate cyber attacks. Although limited research has been completed on the behavioral aspects of cyber security, many behavioral principles and models are applicable to cyber security issues.

scholarly journals Policy Implications of Power Exchanges on Operational Scheduling: Evaluating EUPHEMIA’s Market Products in Case of Greece

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Koltsaklis ◽  
Athanasios Dagoumas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The Impact

A vital component for the development of a functioning internal electricity market is the adoption by each European member state of the Pan-European Hybrid Electricity Market Integration (EUPHEMIA) for the day-ahead market solution. The consideration of the national power market’s characteristics enables more realistic market design towards the implementation of the so-called “Target Model”. This work considers a series of factors, including the EUPHEMIA order types, their use by market participants, the relative competitiveness of power generators, the impact of interconnected markets, the existence of market players with dominant positions, and the existence of specific regulations such as the minimum average variable cost restriction on offers by producers, as well as the strategy adopted by market participants. The main goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the adoption of EUPHEMIA’s algorithm in case of the Greek wholesale market, based on a relevant research project funded by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission to support the Hellenic Regulatory Authority of Energy on its decision-making. The paper contributes to the relevant literature on the quantification of the impacts of the EUPHEMIA algorithm in the case of the Greek wholesale market, providing insights on the crucial aspects affecting realistic, market-based decision-making.

Developing a Method for Classifying Design Enablers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gendreau ◽  
Steven O’Shields ◽  
Joshua D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Map Design ◽  
The Impact

The following paper aims to create a classification method for design enablers which will later be used to measure the impact of design enablers on industry. First, a classification method for design enablers is developed based on a review of relevant literature. Second, this method is applied to a series of design enablers developed by the CEDAR lab strictly based on information published within literature. Finally, non-published documentation available for one of the reviewed design enablers will be considered further to better illustrate the classification method. In later work, additional unpublished documentation will be considered alongside interviews of design enabler developers to fully classify the remaining enablers. This research will later be used to map design enabler development to its impact in order to make recommendations for decision making for future design enabler development.

The vital-immaterial-mediocre multi-criteria decision-making method

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Zakeri ◽  
Fatih Ecer ◽  
Dimitri Konstantas ◽  
Naoufel Cheikhrouhou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Sustainable Supplier Selection ◽  
Managerial Implications

PurposeThis paper proposes a new multi-criteria decision-making method, called the vital-immaterial-mediocre method (VIMM), to determine the weight of multiple conflicting and subjective criteria in a decision-making problem.Design/methodology/approachThe novel method utilizes pairwise comparisons, vector-based procedures and a scoring approach to determine weights of criteria. The VIMM compares alternatives by the three crucial components, namely the vital, immaterial and mediocre criteria. The vital criterion has the largest effect on the final results, followed by the mediocre criterion and then the immaterial criterion, which is the least impactful on the prioritization of alternatives. VIMM is developed in two forms where the first scenario is designed to solve one-goal decision-making problems, while the second scenario embraces multiple goals.FindingsTo validate the method’s performance and applicability, VIMM is applied to a problem of sustainable supplier selection. Comparisons between VIMM, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and best-worst method (BWM) reveal that VIMM significantly requires fewer comparisons. Moreover, VIMM works well with both fractional and integer numbers in its comparison procedures.Research limitations/implicationsAs an implication for research, we have added the development of the VIMM under fuzzy and grey environments as the direction for optimization of the method.Practical implicationsAs managerial implications, VIMM not only provides less complex process for the evaluation of the criteria in the managerial decision-making process, but it also generates consistent results, which make VIMM a reliable tool to apply to a large number of potential decision-making problems.Originality/valueAs a novel subjective weighting method, there exist five major values that VIMM brings over AHP and BWM methods: VIMM requires fewer comparisons compared with AHP and BWM; it is not sensitive to the number of criteria; as a goal-oriented method, it exclusively takes the decision-making goals into account; it keeps the validity and reliability of the Decision-Makers’ (DMs’) opinions and works well with integer and fractional numbers.

OVERVIEW ON THE CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN HUNGARY

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertalan Németh ◽  
Marcell Csanádi ◽  
Zoltán Kaló
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Country Specific

Objectives:Our objectives were to assess the current implementation of health technology assessment (HTA) in Hungary and to identify country-specific patterns of challenges and potential improvements.Methods:We applied a structure that can be used to create HTA implementation roadmaps to evaluate various issues regarding HTA implementation. A comprehensive description of the Hungarian HTA system is presented according to relevant literature and experiences of the authors.Results:By investigating eight components of HTA implementation, we identified the most important strengths and weaknesses of the Hungarian system. More specifically, we were mainly focusing on the emergence of HTA capacity, the establishment and current role of Department of HTA, the complex process of decision making, the quality elements developed in the near past, and the activity of Hungarian experts at international collaborations.Conclusions:We concluded that there is a sophisticated methodological and educational basis for HTA in Hungary. A permanent focus on capacity building and changes to the reimbursement procedure can further improve transparency and the scientific basis of decision making in the country.

The Impact of Human Behavior on Cyber Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 1245-1266
Author(s):  
Nancy Houston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Perhaps the greatest challenge to cyber security is that people are inherently behind each cyber problem as well as its solution. The reality is that people have been stealing secrets and information and attacking others for thousands of years; the technology of the Internet just allows it to happen at a faster pace and on a larger scale. This chapter describes aspects of human behavior that impact cyber security efforts. Cognitive overload, bias, incentives and behavioral traits all affect the decision making of both those who develop policy and strategy, those who fall victim to cyber attacks, and those who initiate cyber attacks. Although limited research has been completed on the behavioral aspects of cyber security, many behavioral principles and models are applicable to cyber security issues.

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