Wear Performance Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions of Post Boriding Heat Treatment in 4140 Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Morón ◽  
G. A. Arellano-Ortiz ◽  
G. A. Rodríguez-Castro ◽  
A. Meneses-Amador ◽  
A. Cruz-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Quenching And Tempering ◽  
Borided Steel

Abstract The tribological performance of borided, post borided heat-treated and uncoated 4140 steel, under dry and lubricated conditions, was studied. The boriding process was conducted by powder-pack method at 900 °C with 1 h of exposure time. After boriding, a heat treatment (quenching and tempering) was conducted to obtain a hardened core microstructure of the 4140 borided steel. The tribological tests were performed with an Al2O3 ball of 6.35 mm of diameter, setting sliding distances of 25, 50, and 100 m. The loads used were 20 and 40 N in dry and lubricated conditions, respectively. Overall samples, the coefficient of friction was reduced around five times when lubricant was used, in comparison to dry tests. After 100 m of sliding distance, it was observed that the wear resistance increased around ten times with boriding. The dry results showed that borided (B) exhibited better wear-rate kB = 7.06 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1 than borided and heat-treated (BHT) kBHT = 9.93 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1, attributed to its higher hardness. Nevertheless, the lubricated results showed that the surface characteristics of BHT improved its wear resistance kBHT = 5.25 × 10−8 mm3 N−1 m−1 over kB = 1.68 × 10−7 mm3 N−1 m−1 of borided only, because it permitted a better adsorption of the lubricant.

scholarly journals Wear Behavior of Conventionally and Directly Aged Maraging 18Ni-300 Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Kichang Bae ◽  
Dohyung Kim ◽  
Wookjin Lee ◽  
Yongho Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Direct Aging ◽  
Direction Dependence ◽  
Counterpart Material

This study aims to explore the wear performance of maraging 18Ni-300 steel, fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The building direction dependence of wear resistance was investigated with various wear loads and in terms of ball-on-disk wear tests. The effect of direct aging heat treatment, i.e. aging without solution heat treatment, on the wear performance was investigated by comparing the wear rates of directly aged samples, followed by solution heat treatment. The effect of counterpart material on the wear performance of the maraging steel was studied using two counterpart materials of bearing steel and ZrO2 balls. When the bearing steel ball was used as the counterpart material, both the as-built and heat-treated maraging steel produced by the LPBF showed pronounced building direction dependence on their wear performance when the applied wear load was sufficiently high. However, when the ZrO2 ball was used as the counterpart material, isotropic wear resistance was reported. The maraging steel produced by the LPBF demonstrated excellent wear resistance, particularly when it was aging heat-treated and the counterpart material was ZrO2. The directly aged sample showed wear performance almost the same as the sample solution heat-treated and then aged, indicating that direct aging can be used as an alternative post heat treatment for tribological applications of the maraging steels produced by LPBF.

scholarly journals The Effect of Co-Deposition of SiC Sub-Micron Particles and Heat Treatment on Wear Behaviour of Ni–P Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Donya Ahmadkhaniha ◽  
Lucia Lattanzi ◽  
Fabio Bonora ◽  
Annalisa Fortini ◽  
Mattia Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of SiC particles and heat treatment on the wear behaviour of Ni–P coatings when in contact with a 100Cr6 steel. Addition of reinforcing particles and heat treatment are two common methods to increase Ni–P hardness. Ball-on-disc wear tests coupled with SEM investigations were used to compare as-plated and heat-treated coatings, both pure and composite ones, and to evaluate the wear mechanisms. In the as-plated coatings, the presence of SiC particles determined higher friction coefficient and wear rate than the pure Ni–P coatings, despite the limited increase in hardness, of about 15%. The effect of SiC particles was shown in combination with heat treatment. The maximum hardness in pure Ni–P coating was achieved by heating at 400 °C for 1 h while for composite coatings heating for 2 h at 360 °C was sufficient to obtain the maximum hardness. The difference between the friction coefficient of composite and pure coatings was disclosed by heating at 300 °C for 2 h. In other cases, the coefficient of friction (COF) stabilised at similar values. The wear mechanisms involved were mainly abrasion and tribo-oxidation, with the formation of lubricant Fe oxides produced at the counterpart.

Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature and Lubricating Conditions on the Fretting Wear Behavior of SAF 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Wang ◽  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Jianzhang Wang ◽  
Na Fan ◽  
Fengyuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Super Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Seawater Lubrication

Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, currently, there are few researches conducted on its fretting wear performance. This paper studies the influence of different heat treatment temperatures and medium environment on the fretting wear performance of SAF 2507 SDSS. Results show that the combined effect of the sigma phase and seawater lubrication can significantly improve the wear resistance of SAF 2507 SDSS. After treated with different heat treatment temperatures, different contents of sigma phases are precipitated out of SAF 2507 SDSS, which improves the wear resistance of the material to different degrees. In addition, the fretting wear performance of SAF 2507 SDSS also relates to the lubrication medium. In air, the friction and wear performance of SAF 2507 SDSS is poor, while in seawater, solution and corrosion products that acted as a lubricant dramatically improve the wear resistance of the material. Under the combined action of heat treatment and seawater lubrication medium, the friction coefficient and wear reduce by 70% and 91%, respectively.

Tribological behaviour of A390/Grp metal—matrix composites fabricated using a combination of rheocasting and squeeze casting techniques

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T S Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
A390 Alloy

The dry sliding wear performance of hypereutectic A390 Al—Si alloy reinforced with graphite particulates (Grp) was investigated. Composites containing 4 and 8 wt% of Grp were produced by rheocasting technique followed by squeeze casting. Pins of the materials were rubbed against a 316 stainless steel disc using pin-on-ring type apparatus under various loads and speeds. It has been observed that both wear rate and the coefficient of friction of the composites decreased considerably with Grp additions. The A390/Grp composites exhibited higher wear resistance than those obtained for the monolithic A390 alloy. The formation of the hard tribo-layer on the surface of the composites assisted in increasing the wear resistance of these materials. It is believed that the reduction of the friction coefficient is attributed the presence of the graphite layers within the tribo-layer.

scholarly journals Analysis and Prediction of Wear Performance of Different Topography Surface

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5056
Author(s):  
Ben Wang ◽  
Minli Zheng ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Characteristic Parameter ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Incidence Analysis ◽  
Sliding Distance

Surface roughness parameters are an important factor affecting surface wear resistance, but the relevance between the wear resistance and the surface roughness parameters has not been well studied. This paper based on the finite element simulation technology, through the grey incidence analysis (GIA) method to quantitatively study the relevance between the wear amount of per unit sliding distance (ΔVs) and the surface texture roughness parameters under dry friction conditions of the different surface topography. A zeroth order six-variables grey model, GM(0,6), for prediction the wear characteristic parameter ΔVs was established, and the experiment results verified that the prediction model was accurate and reasonable.

EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON (Cr, Fe)7C3/γ-Fe COATINGS IN SITU SYNTHESIZED BY VACUUM ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp02) ◽  
pp. 1850028
Author(s):  
BINFENG LU ◽  
YUNXIA CHEN ◽  
MENGJIA XU
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Iron Matrix ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Impact

(Cr, Fe)7C3/[Formula: see text]-Fe composite layer has been in situ synthesized on a low carbon steel surface by vacuum electron beam VEB irradiation. The synthesized samples were then subdued to different heat treatments to improve their impaired impact toughness. The microstructure, impact toughness and wear resistance of the heat-treated samples were studied by means of optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), microhardness tester, impact test machine and tribological tester. After heat treatment, the primary and eutectic carbides remained in their original shape and size, and a large number of secondary carbides precipitated in the iron matrix. Since the Widmanstatten ferrite in the heat affected zone (HAZ) transformed to fine ferrite completely, the impact toughness of the heat-treated samples increased significantly. The microhardness of the heat-treated samples decreased slightly due to the decreased chromium content in the iron matrix. The wear resistance of 1000[Formula: see text]C and 900[Formula: see text]C heat-treated samples was almost same with the as-synthesized sample. While the wear resistance of the 800[Formula: see text]C heat-treated one decreased slightly because part of the austenite matrix had transformed to ferrite matrix, which reduced the bonding of carbides particulates.

EFFECTS OF THE BORIDING PROCESS AND OF QUENCHING AND TEMPERING AFTER BORIDING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, HARDNESS AND WEAR OF AISI 5140 STEEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950157 ◽  
Author(s):  
OSMAN BICAN ◽  
SALIH UGUR BAYCA ◽  
SULE OCAK-ARAZ ◽  
BUNYAMIN YAMANEL ◽  
NACI ARDA TANIS
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Boriding Process ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

An investigation was made on the effects of the boriding process and of quenching and tempering after boriding on the microstructure, hardness and wear of AISI 5140 steel. In this study, a new boriding agent (Baybora[Formula: see text]–1) developed for the solid boriding method was used. It was observed that the wear resistance of the borided samples increased by about four times, but the wear resistance of the sample subjected to quenching and tempering after boriding increased by only about two times. Thus, it was determined that quenching and tempering after boriding worsen wear resistance.

BRAKE DIE

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Bethlehem Steel Corporation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Tool ◽  
Quenching And Tempering ◽  
Steel Heat

Abstract BRAKE DIE is a medium-alloy tool steel heat treated at the mill by oil-quenching and tempering to develop the best combination of properties. It is used for all types of dies on hand-operated and mechanically operated press brakes for the forming and bending of sheets, strip and other flat-rolled metallic and nonmetallic materials. It also will give good service in any application requiring wear resistance, toughness, high mechanical properties and good machinability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-302. Producer or source: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Effect of Deposition Time and Heat Treatment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Ni3Al Coating Deposited by Air Plasma Spraying on Tool Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Sabah Zaman ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Shabbar Abbas ◽  
Mudassir Rauf ◽  
Shaheed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Air Plasma Spraying ◽  
Heat Treated

This study focuses on the effect of deposition time and heat treatment on Ni3Al coatings with respect to mechanical and microstructural properties of the material. Air plasma spraying technique was employed to deposit Ni3Al on hot work tool steel samples for different deposition times i.e. 15-45 seconds. The coated samples were then heat treated at 900 °C for 20 to 100 hours at an interval of 20 hours each. The characterization tools such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the homogeneity, phases formed and structure of coatings. All the coatings showed lamellar structure with distinctive boundaries along with the presence of some porosity and oxide particles. The XRD analysis of as prepared samples showed characteristic peaks of Ni3Al whereas of heat treated samples revealed NiO formation that increased with increasing heat treatment time. Micro-hardness and wear resistance measurements of the coated layer showed that they were increasing with the deposition time due to formation of more thick and dense layers. Formation of NiO, due to heat treatment imparted greater hardness and wear resistance to the coating. Moreover, the SEM study of heat-treated samples showed presences of alumina and spinel phases which were confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis.

Determination of the influence of structural parameters of steels on their abrasive wear resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Thermal Hardening ◽  
Heat Treated

Relationships are established between the parameters of the structure of heat-treated steels and their abrasive wear resistance. A computer program is developed for the choice of material and methods of thermal hardening in order to ensure the required wear resistance. Keywords: heat treatment, dislocation density, extreme temperature, lowalloy steel, computer program. [email protected]

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