scholarly journals The Effect of Co-Deposition of SiC Sub-Micron Particles and Heat Treatment on Wear Behaviour of Ni–P Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Donya Ahmadkhaniha ◽  
Lucia Lattanzi ◽  
Fabio Bonora ◽  
Annalisa Fortini ◽  
Mattia Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of SiC particles and heat treatment on the wear behaviour of Ni–P coatings when in contact with a 100Cr6 steel. Addition of reinforcing particles and heat treatment are two common methods to increase Ni–P hardness. Ball-on-disc wear tests coupled with SEM investigations were used to compare as-plated and heat-treated coatings, both pure and composite ones, and to evaluate the wear mechanisms. In the as-plated coatings, the presence of SiC particles determined higher friction coefficient and wear rate than the pure Ni–P coatings, despite the limited increase in hardness, of about 15%. The effect of SiC particles was shown in combination with heat treatment. The maximum hardness in pure Ni–P coating was achieved by heating at 400 °C for 1 h while for composite coatings heating for 2 h at 360 °C was sufficient to obtain the maximum hardness. The difference between the friction coefficient of composite and pure coatings was disclosed by heating at 300 °C for 2 h. In other cases, the coefficient of friction (COF) stabilised at similar values. The wear mechanisms involved were mainly abrasion and tribo-oxidation, with the formation of lubricant Fe oxides produced at the counterpart.

Vanadium Additions to a High-Cr White Iron and its Effects on the Abrasive Wear Behavior.

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (59-60) ◽  
pp. 3077-3089
Author(s):  
Alexeis Sánchez ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde ◽  
Francisco V. Guerra ◽  
I. Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
White Iron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bulk Hardness ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Vanadium Carbides

AbstractFrom the present study, vanadium additions up to 6.4% were added to a 14%Cr-3%C white iron, and the effect on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analysed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand moulds to obtain bars of 18, 25, and 37 mm thickness. The alloys were characterized by optical and electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900°C for 45 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under a load of 60 N for 1500 m. The results show that, vanadium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming primary vanadium carbides; thus, decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 20% for the iron with 6.4%V;but overall CVF content (M7C3 + VC) is constant at 30%. Wear behaviour was better for the heat-treated alloys and mainly for the 6.4%V iron. Such a behaviour is discussed in terms of the CVF, the amount of vanadium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Transition between Static and Kinetic Frictions of Steel/Shale Pairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qin Lian ◽  
Chunxu Yang ◽  
Jifei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Dynamic Friction ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Dynamic Friction Coefficient ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stick Slip Motion ◽  
Insight Into

The transition between static and kinetic frictions of steel/shale pairs has been studied. It was found that the coefficient of friction decreased exponentially from static to dynamic friction coefficient with increasing sliding displacement. The difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients and the critical distance Dc under the dry friction condition is much larger than that under the lubricated condition. The transition from static to dynamic friction coefficient is greatly affected by the normal load, quiescent time, and sliding velocity, especially the lubricating condition. Maintaining continuous lubrication of the contact area by the lubricant is crucial to reduce or eliminate the stick-slip motion. The results provide an insight into the transition from static to dynamic friction of steel/shale pairs.

Characterization of Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 Heat Treated Layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Lucica Balint ◽  
Gina Genoveva Istrate
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Research has shown the relationship among hardness, usage and corrosion resistance Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings on steel support heat treated. The electroless strips were heat treated at 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. Further studies on corrosion, hardness and usage revealed changes in properties, compared to the initial state, both on the strips coated with Ni-P and the ones coated with Ni-P-Al2O3 composite. The samples have been studied before and after the heat treatment via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that untreated Ni-P layers exhibit strong corrosion resistance, while hardness and usage increase with heat treatment temperature, with a peak at 400 °C. Using suspended particles co-deposition, led to new types of layers, some with excellent hardness and usage properties. Corrosion resistance increase with heat treatment. Coating layers can be adjusted to the desired characteristics, by selecting proper parameters for the expected specific results.

Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2219-O and T6 Friction Stir Welds

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Venkateswarlu ◽  
Muralimohan Cheepu ◽  
P. Nageswara Rao ◽  
S. Senthil Kumaran ◽  
Narayanan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Microhardness Distribution ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2219 ◽  
Failure Location

In the present study, aluminum alloy 2219 of two different heat treatment states were selected and welded using the friction stir welding process to evaluate the effect substrate on the joint properties. The microstructural observations have exhibited the difference in their characteristics between two heat treatment conditions of 2219-O and T6 conditions. The tensile strength of the AA2219-T6 joints much higher than the AA2219-O joints. Consequently, the microhardness distribution across the different zones varying with two different heat treated conditions. The failure locations and fracture surface features are revealed the significant differences among these two heat treated conditions with the change in their failure location and the fracture morphologies. The optimal welding conditions were analyzed to determine the high strength of the welds with excellent metallurgical properties of the welds.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CARBON CONTENT ON FATIGUE STRENGTH OF DRAWN STEEL TUBES FOR SMALL ONCE-THROUGH BOILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
DAISUKE YONEKURA ◽  
YUTA FUJIE ◽  
RI-ICHI MURAKAMI ◽  
YUKIHIRO TOKUNAGA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Difference

Tension-tension fatigue tests were performed to examine the influence of carbon content on the fatigue properties of drawn specific steel tube (STB340) with/without post heat treatment for small once-through boiler. Two different carbon content steel tubes, C =0.06 and 0.12% were prepared. The as-received, as-drawn and post drawing heat treated series for each carbon content tube were prepared for fatigue test. The hardness, grain size and residual stress were measured for each series. As a result, the fatigue strength of as-received and as-drawn series showed a small difference between C =0.06 and 0.12% specimens. However, the post drawing heat treatment series showed obvious difference in the fatigue strength. The fatigue strength of higher carbon content tubes significantly decreased by the post drawing heat treatment, whereas the decrease of fatigue strength was little for lower carbon content heat treated tubes. The difference of fatigue strength was mainly caused by the degree of relaxation of work hardening by post heat treatment.

Selected properties of Al composites derived from material recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pietrzak ◽  
Joanna Karwan-Baczewska ◽  
Anna Makuch ◽  
Magdalena Majchrowska ◽  
Aleksandra Franczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Topographic Parameters

Recyclable aluminum after machining was used to make composites using the SPS method. Due to the SPS method, it was possible to obtain the sinters practically without pores. Three types of composites Al + SiC and hybrid composites such as Al + (WC + 12Co) and Al + [SiC + (WC + 12 Co)] were produced. Their density, resistance to friction wear and surface topographic parameters have been determined. Based on the results, it has been shown that in the case of hybrid sinters, better tribological characteristics compared to composites reinforced with SIC particles only can be obtained. It was also shown that the friction coefficient primarily depends on the difference between the hardness of the pin and the disc. The greater difference in hardness causes the values of the friction coefficient to be higher.

Producing a Random Recrystallization Texture in 6111 Aluminium Alloy

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia S.T. Chang ◽  
A.S.C. Yeung ◽  
B.J. Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Complete Recrystallization ◽  
Hot Band ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
The Difference

6111 Aluminium Alloy in the hot band state was cold rolled to 80% was then annealed at 450oC, 500oC and 540oC for recrystallization. The hot band was also solution heat treated, cold rolled and annealed to the same temperature to look at the difference in the recrystallization texture and precipitation states. It was found that the samples which were cold rolled and annealed without solution heat treatment gave Goss and P components after annealing. For the samples with solution heat treatment, the 450oC sample has a retained Cu type rolling texture while for the 500oC and 540oC the textures are quite random. The retained rolling texture found in the 450oC sample is due to the fact that it was partially recrystallized as the precipitates prevent complete recrystallization. The difference in the precipitation states during and after annealing of the samples with and without solution heat treatment affects the final recrystallization texture.

Fabrications of Electroless Ni-P Composite Coatings before and after Annealing and Tribological Analyses

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Chang Shuo Chang ◽  
Kung Hsu Hou ◽  
Ming Der Ger ◽  
Chen Kuei Chung ◽  
Jen Fin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Electroless Ni

In the present study, SiC reinforced particles were introduced to the Ni-P plating bath, and developed high SiC content composite coatings. Thin films nature properties and mechanical performances were evaluated well. The results showed that the Ni-P alloy embedded SiC particles formed a few cavities, and reduced coatings hardness and wear resistance in as-plated condition. After 400°C heat-treatment, Ni3P crystalline phase formed and reached the max hardness, and conducted excellent trybological performances. SiC particles were decoposited in 600°C and reacted with Ni to form Ni3Si and Ni5Si2, caused the decreasing in hardness.

Heat Treated and As-Plated Electroless Duplex Ni-P/Ni-B Coatings: Evaluation of Hardness and Wear Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökce Dil ◽  
Ali Göksenli ◽  
Cagdas Calli ◽  
Faiz Muhaffel ◽  
Ali I. Aydeniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Substrate Steel ◽  
Duplex Coatings

The present work deals with the formation of NiP/NiB duplex coatings by electroless plating and evaluation of their hardness and wear resistance. The duplex coatings were prepared with Ni-P as the inner layer. To analyze the structure of the coatings, XRD analysis was carried out. According to the results, NiP and NiB coatings are amorphous in their as-plated condition and after applying heat-treatment at 450 °C for 1 h, both NiP and NiB coatings crystallize and produce nickel, nickel phosphide and nickel borides in the coatings. To determine the surface morphology and cross-section characteristics of the coatings, SEM observations were carried out and concluded that duplex coatings are uniform and good coherent exists between the duplex layers and the coatings are also connected closely to the substrate. The hardness of electroless nickel duplex coatings increased with applying heat treatment and reached maximum value at coatings annealed at 400 °C. To analyze the tribological properties, pin-on-disc tests were carried out. The wear track patterns on the coatings and on Al2O3balls were then examined by optical microscopy and EDS. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the coatings were lower than the substrate steel. Friction coefficient decreased from 0.43 to 0.36 and wear resistance decreased from 11.3 to 6.4 by applying heat treatment at 450 °C for 1 h to duplex coatings.

The Wear Behavior of Pulse Current Electroforming Ni-P-SiC Composite Coatings

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kung Hsu Hou ◽  
Ming Chang Jeng ◽  
Yung Kang Shen ◽  
Ming Der Ger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Wear Weight Loss ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the SiC particles with a mean diameter of 300nm were used to be codeposited with Ni-P base to produce Ni-P-SiC composite coatings by means of the pulse current electroforming technology. The relationship between the SiC particles and phosphorous contents in the composite coatings has been constructed. The wear behavior of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings was examined by that measurements data including the wear weight loss, the coefficient of friction, and the temperature increments under the wear tests, in which were correlated to the observation and analysis of the worn surface of the composite coatings. Experimental results show that the wear resistance of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings is superior to Ni-P composite coatings, if they are under the same level of hardness. In addition, the wear weight loss of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings is even about 62% less than that of Ni-P composite coatings, if they are based on the same production conditions. Further more, both the hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings are superior to pure Ni coating, wherein its wear resistance is even up to 10 times better than that of pure Ni coating.

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