scholarly journals Identifying High-Potential Work Areas in Engineering for Global Development: Linking Industry Sectors to the Human Development Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Smith ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Eric C. Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Development State

Abstract Those working in Engineering for Global Development seek to improve the conditions in developing countries. A common metric for understanding the development state of a given country is the Human Development Index (HDI), which focuses on three dimensions: health, education, and income. An engineer’s expertise does not always align with any of those dimensions directly, while they still hope to perform impactful work for human development. To discover other areas of expertise that are highly associated with the HDI, correlations and variable selection were performed between all World Development Indicators and the HDI. The resultant associations are presented according to industry sector for a straightforward connection to engineering expertise. The associated areas of expertise can be used during opportunity development as surrogates for focusing on the HDI dimensions themselves. The data analysis shows that work related to “Trade, Transportation, and Utilities,” such as electricity distribution, and exports or imports, “Natural Resources and Mining,” such as energy resources, agriculture, or access to clean water, and “Manufacturing,” in general, are most commonly associated with improvements in the HDI in developing countries. Also, because the associations were discovered at country-level, they direct where geographically particular areas of expertise have been historically associated with improving HDI.

scholarly journals Identifying High-Potential Work Areas in Engineering for Global Development: Linking Industry Sectors to the Human Development Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Smith ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Eric C. Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Development State ◽  
Industry Sectors

Abstract Those working in Engineering for Global Development seek to improve the conditions in under-served regions. A common metric for understanding the development state of a given country is the Human Development Index (HDI), which focuses on three dimensions: health, education, and income. An engineer’s expertise does not always align with any of those dimensions directly, while they still hope to perform impactful work for human development. To discover other areas of expertise that are highly associated with the HDI, correlations and variable selection were performed between all World Development Indicators and the HDI. The resultant associations are presented according to industry sector for a straightforward connection to engineering expertise, such that they can be used during opportunity development where associated areas of expertise act as surrogates for focusing on the HDI dimensions themselves. The data analysis shows that work related to “Trade, Transportation, and Utilities”, such as merchandise exports and imports and electricity distribution, and “Manufacturing”, especially electronics manufacturing and employment in manufacturing are insightful associations with improvements in the HDI in developing countries. Also, because the associations were discovered at country-level, they geographically direct where particular areas of expertise have been historically associated with improving HDI.

scholarly journals Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7240
Author(s):  
Josep Penuelas ◽  
Tamás Krisztin ◽  
Michael Obersteiner ◽  
Florian Huber ◽  
Hannes Winner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Per Capita

Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.

scholarly journals Nature's role in sustaining economic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1537) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Comprehensive Wealth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

scholarly journals Análisis multidimensional de la desigualdad en el marco del desarrollo humano

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Vanesa Jordá ◽  
Carmen Trueba ◽  
José María Sarabia
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Generalized Entropy ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Multidimensional Process

In this work we contribute to the study of well-being inequality conceived as a multidimensional process, analyzing inequality across countries in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI). To that end, we consider two alternative approaches based on the use of generalized entropy measures. Our results point out a reduction of inequality in the three dimensions considered by the HDI as well as in composite indicators of these components over the period 1980-2011. The decomposition of this type of inequality measures in two components, between-regions and within- regions, reveals that the fall of overall disparities is mainly driven by the decrease in inequality between regions.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Human Development Index (HDI): Indonesia and Bangladesh Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Ahmad Nulhaqim ◽  
M D Kamrujjaman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Years Of Schooling

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a development indicator since 1990, operated by theUnited Nations Development Programme. Our entitled “Comparative Study on HumanDevelopment Index (HDI): Indonesia and Bangladesh Context” paper will focus oncomparison of both countries situation. In common scenes Indonesia is in advance thanBangladesh but what is the real situation are exist in both countries will be explained by ourstudy. Here we will compare series data (1980-2011) & its trends, value comparison (2011-2012), of two countries. In this paper we have analysis following segments of two countriesnamed Inequality-adjusted HDI(IHDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), Multidimensional PovertyIndex (MPI) and Cross-Analysis of Indonesia & Bangladesh related to others relevant data like:Demographic Situation, Education Condition, Health Situation, Gender Observation etc. In ourpaper we have used New method for 2011 data onwards that Published on 4 November 2010(and updated on 10 June 2011), starting with the 2011 Human Development Report the HDIcombines three dimensions: A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth, Education index:Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling, A decent standard of living: GNI percapita (PPP US$). Hopefully this paper will give us a clear idea about two countries currentsocio-economic condition as well.

scholarly journals Improving Human Development Index (HDI) by Illiteracy Eradication (Case Study in Cibadak Village)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Indri Arrafi Juliannisa ◽  
Tri Siswantini
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

To measure the quality of human capital, The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) introduced the concept of human resource capital quality, named the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is based on three dimensions i.e.: life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, mean years of schooling, and purchasing power parity. In this study raised the issue of the high illiteracy rate in Cibadak, Banten Province and the low expectation for old school. The situation will certainly be a barrier to the development process and economic growth through the human development index. The results showed that factors that could cause low educational status and illiteracy were grouped by researchers in research indicator variables, namely education, family, external environment, and information factors. The local government must pay more attention to this situation, because human resources are the driving wheel of the economy. The people really need care like reading and writing training assistance from the local government.

scholarly journals Is there association between human development index and tuberculosis mortality risk? Evidence from a spatial analysis study in the south of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (14) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Santos ◽  
C. Nunes ◽  
L. S. Alves ◽  
A. A. R. Queiroz ◽  
M. J. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Global And Local

AbstractThe goal of this study was to analyse the spatial pattern of tuberculosis (TB) mortality using different approaches, namely: mortality rates (MR), spatial relative risks (RR) and Bayesian rates (Global and Local) and their association with human development index (HDI), Global and its three dimensions: education, longevity and income. An ecological study was developed in Curitiba, Brazil based on data from Mortality Information System (2008–2014). Spatial scan statistics were used to compute RR and identify high-risk clusters. Bivariate Local Indicator of Spatial Associations was used to assess associations. MR ranged between 0 and 25.24/100.000 with a mean (standard deviation) of 1.07 (2.66). Corresponding values for spatial RR were 0–27.46, 1.2 (2.99) and for Bayesian rates (Global and Local) were 0.49–1.66, 0.90 (0.19) and 0–6.59, 0.98 (0.80). High-risk clusters were identified for all variables, except for HDI-income and Global Bayesian rate. Significant negative spatial relations were found between MR and income; between RR and HDI global, longevity and income; and Bayesian rates with all variables. Some areas presented different patterns: low social development/low risk and high risk/high development. These results demonstrate that social development variables should be considered, in mortality due TB.

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