Performance of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power System for A Residential Building

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Qandil ◽  
Ahmad Abbas ◽  
Saif Al Hamad ◽  
Walaa Saadeh ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Using fossil fuels as the primary way to generate electricity causes a significant effect on the environment. In 2019 more than 64% of the electricity in the United States of America was generated using fossil fuels resources, while renewable energy (RE) resources contributed to only 17% of the U.S. electricity generation for the same year. Due to the complex terrain distribution of many states in the U.S., a massive opportunity of utilizing RE resources in rural and remote areas can reduce the cost of electrical grid installation for such areas. In this study, a typical residential building with an average energy consumption of 30.25 kWh/day with a peak of 5.34 kW was considered a case study in each state to optimize a hybrid RE system and find the best alternative electrical grid system. This study presents the best configuration between Solar and Wind energy with different types of energy storage. It was found that the photovoltaic (PV) - diesel generator with battery best serves in all states. The daily radiation and diesel prices substantially affect the Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) values in each state.

scholarly journals The U.S. Role and Policy in Central Asia: Energy and Beyond

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
AKM Iftekharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The U.S

A significant geopolitical consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union1 in the international arena is the rise of intense political and commercial competition for control of the vast energy resources of the newly independent and vulnerable states of the Caucasus and Central Asia. These energy resources and, in particular, the oil and natural gas deposits have now become the apple of discord in Central Asia introducing a new chapter in the Great Game of control over Eurasia (Hill 1997: 200). The region has great energy potential and is strategically important. The United States has varied and at times competing interests in Central Asia. In the past few years, real and present dangers to the U.S. national security especially Islamist terrorism and threats to the energy supply, have affected the U.S. policy in Central Asia. The region, which includes the five post-Soviet states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, as well as Afghanistan and the Caspian basin, plays an important part in the U.S. global strategy in view of its proximity to Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Iran, and other key regional actors. No less important are its ethno-religious composition and vast deposits of oil, gas, coal, and uranium. Literally, the U.S. interests in Central Asia can be summarized in three simple words: security, energy, and democracy. Moreover, a key U.S. national security concern is the diversification of energy sources and the Caspian region is a significant alternative source of fossil fuels. In this article a critical analysis will be attempted on the U.S. policy and role in central Asia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12931 The Arts Faculty Journal Vol.4 July 2010-June 2011 pp.33-51

Maritime Renewable Energy Markets: Power From the Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Copping ◽  
Al LiVecchi ◽  
Heather Spence ◽  
Alicia Gorton ◽  
Scott Jenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Offshore Aquaculture ◽  
Utility Scale

AbstractMarine renewable energy (MRE) is in the early stages of contributing to the energy portfolios of the United States and many other nations around the world. Although many MRE developers are designing devices that will harvest energy to contribute to the electrical grid from waves, tides, and ocean currents, a number of other promising maritime markets could be supplied with MRE power at sea. These maritime markets are often less price sensitive, have fewer options than utility-scale electricity markets, and can handle some degree of intermittency. Some of the promising maritime markets that could benefit from co-located power generation include ocean observation nodes, underwater recharge of autonomous vehicles, desalination of seawater for remote coastal areas, offshore aquaculture, shoreline protection and electricity generation, providing electricity and freshwater following coastal emergencies, providing power to islanded and isolated communities, powering and cooling nearshore underwater data centers, recharging of electric surface vessels, and personal charging of electronics. Pairing of MRE power generation with these and other maritime markets is in the early stages, but the potential for synergy and growth of MRE coupled to these markets is promising.

scholarly journals Resource Scheduling and Energy Cooperation in HetNet with Cross-Layer Interference Constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fanrong Kong ◽  
Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
User Data

Facing more and more severe global warming problems, renewable energy, as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels, is attracting more and more attentions due to its capability of reducing carbon emission. This paper considers two-tier HetNets with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), where the macro base station (MBS) is powered by power grid and small base stations (SBSs) have hybrid energy supplies. Through smart grid, SBSs can share their renewable energy with each other. We consider the problem of cross-layer interference caused by spectrum reuse, the burst of user data, and the randomness of renewable energy arrivals. Through energy cooperation, this paper investigates maximizing the time-average energy efficiency of SBSs. Based on user data queue and SBS energy queue, the optimal problem is decoupled into two subproblems by Lyapunov optimization: resource allocation subproblem and energy scheduling and energy cooperation subproblem. By solving two subproblems, the online solution to the optimization problem is obtained. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, both user data queues and energy queues have an upper bound, the network is stable, and the proposed algorithm performs better than the basic algorithm without energy cooperation.

Evaluation of the Potential of Fruit Peel Biomass after Conventional and Microwave Drying for Use as Solid Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Teixeira Charbel ◽  
Bernardo Damázio Trinchero ◽  
Diego Dornas Morais ◽  
Henrique Mesquita ◽  
Viviane Santos Birchal
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Conventional Drying ◽  
Pulp Processing ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Required

Searching for new sources of energy in order to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and also to preserve the environmentmeets thenecessityfor finding effective solutions to the problem of waste generated in different production levels.In juice pulp processing industrylarge volumes of waste are produced daily and can contribute, with its burning, for energy production. Once it is necessary the removal of moisture from the residue, this study evaluate the conventional drying and microwave drying of the biomass generated by peels of orange, mango and passion fruit with initial mean moisture content higher than 75%. The experiments were performed in oven at a temperature of 150°C and the average time for an almost complete withdrawal of peels studied was 130min. For drying by microwave with power of 900W, the average time required for the total reduction in moisture was 8.5min. The drying Page model was adjusted by non-linear regression to data obtained with correlation coefficients in all cases greater than 0.955. The higher heating value was rated equal to 16,25kJ/g, 19,62kJ/g, 16,35kJ/g for the peels of orange, mango and passion fruit, respectively. The average energy consumption for the drying process in the oven was 81,25kJ/gevaporated water and 12,07 kJ/gevaporatedwaterin the process by microwave, which indicates that drying using microwave is a very interesting option.

Hybrid Distributed Power Generation for Apartment Building Complexes in Korea

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joowook Kim ◽  
Hyunwoo Lim ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Thermal Loads ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Apartment Complex ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Korea relies significantly on imported fossil fuels to meet its energy needs. Moreover, about 50% of Korean residential buildings are apartment complexes. In this paper, the use of distributed generation (DG) technologies to serve the energy requirements for a typical Korean apartment complex is explored to reduce Korea’s dependence on fossil fuel and CO2 emissions. In particular, a series of sensitivity analyses is conducted using detailed simulation tools to determine the cost-effectiveness of DG systems to meet electrical and thermal loads of an apartment building in Daegu, Korea. The DG systems considered in the analysis include Photovoltaic (PV), Wind turbine, Microturbine, and Fuel Cell. The apartment complex is connected to the utility grid that with electricity typically generated using fossil fuels. It is found that a combination of the grid and Fuel Cell is the most cost effective approach to meet the electrical and thermal loads of the complex residential building with a cost of energy reduction of 12% compared to the grid only option.

Assessing the Role of Environmental and Regulatory Issues on Offshore Renewable Energy Projects in the United States

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Daughdrill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
The U.S

This paper will describe some of the key environmental and regulatory issues affecting development of offshore renewable energy projects in the United States. Offshore wind, wave, tidal current, and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) projects all have unique environmental and social issues that must be addressed to the satisfaction of federal, state, and local authorities. This paper examines the existing federal regulatory schemes applicable to offshore renewable energy development in the United States including a discussion of an on-going jurisdictional debate between agencies at the U.S. federal government level. The various permitting processes for offshore renewable energy projects all involve an examination of the potential environmental and social/human effects of each proposed project. Typically, the agency with primary permitting authority must prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) or equivalent document that includes a transparent process that encourages the participation of the interested public and other affected stakeholders. While acknowledging the importance of social/human impact issues, this paper will focus primarily on the potential physical and biological effects from offshore renewable energy projects including a discussion of the uncertainty that surrounds predicting the impact of new or innovative technologies. The U.S. Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS) recently published a programmatic environmental impact statement (EIS) that includes 52 “best management practices” for reducing environmental and social impacts from offshore alternative energy projects. Finally the paper will examine the important role of environmental monitoring and adaptive management in informing regulators and developers of potential adverse impacts and adapting project design and operations to avoid or minimize these effects.

Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the US: A Markov-Switching VAR analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094403
Author(s):  
Emrah Ismail Cevik ◽  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Sel Dibooglu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us

We examine the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the United States. While the regime-dependent Granger causality test results for the non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth suggest bi-directional causality in both regimes, we cannot validate any causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. The US meets its energy demand from non-renewable sources; as such, renewable energy consumption does not seem to affect economic growth. Given the efficiency and productivity of renewable energy investments, we conclude that it is worthwhile to consider renewable energy inputs to replace fossil fuels given potential benefits in terms of global warming and climate change concerns. In this regard, increasing the R&D investments in the renewable energy sectors, increases in productivity and profitability of renewable energy investments are likely to accrue benefits in the long run.

scholarly journals Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8142
Author(s):  
Sanzana Tabassum ◽  
Tanvin Rahman ◽  
Ashraf Ul Islam ◽  
Sumayya Rahman ◽  
Debopriya Roy Dipta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The U.S

The ambitious target of net-zero emission by 2050 has been aggressively driving the renewable energy sector in many countries. Leading the race of renewable energy sources is solar energy, the fastest growing energy source at present. The solar industry has witnessed more growth in the last decade than it has in the past 40 years, owing to its technological advancements, plummeting costs, and lucrative incentives. The United States is one of the largest producers of solar power in the world and has been a pioneer in solar adoption, with major projects across different technologies, mainly photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and solar heating and cooling, but is expanding towards floating PV, solar combined with storage, and hybrid power plants. Although the United States has tremendous potential for exploiting solar resources, there is a scarcity of research that details the U.S. solar energy scenario. This paper provides a comprehensive review of solar energy in the U.S., highlighting the drivers of the solar industry in terms of technology, financial incentives, and strategies to overcome challenges. It also discusses the prospects of the future solar market based on extensive background research and the latest statistics. In addition, the paper categorizes the U.S. states into five tiers based on their solar prospects calculated using analytical hierarchy process and regression analysis. The price of solar technologies in the U.S. is also predicted up to 2031 using Wright’s law, which projected a 77% reduction in the next decade.

Assessment of Renewable Energy Technologies in a Standalone Microgrid System

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 146-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Adefarati ◽  
G.D. Obikoya
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Impact Reduction

The rapid growth of the global economy has led to a high demand of electric energy and utilization of fossil fuels to meet the power demand. This has motivated the utilities or independent power providers to incorporate renewable energy resources (RERs) into their power systems. Moreover, with the increasing concerns of environmental protection and fossil fuel depletion, RERS are universally accepted as the potential alternative to fossil fuels. Consequently, this work aims at exploring the application of the photovoltaic (PV), electric storage system (ESS) and wind turbine generator (WTG) in a microgrid (MG) system to reduce the total annual cost (TAC) and environmental impact reduction index (EIR) while maintaining the power system constraints and load requirements. The problem is formulated by using the fmincon optimization solver in the MATLAB environment to assess the environmental and economic effects of utilizing RERs in a MG system. The values of TAC and EIR obtained in the study are compared with the base case study where a reciprocating engine is only utilized to meet the same power demand without using RERs and ESS. The results obtained from the study indicate that a WTG/PV/ ESS/ diesel generator MG system has achieved good results. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that utilization of green technologies is suitable for achieving global sustainable energy development.

scholarly journals Use of a Hybrid Wind—Solar—Diesel—Battery Energy System to Power Buildings in Remote Areas: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8764
Author(s):  
Khalid Almutairi ◽  
Seyyed Shahabaddin Hosseini Dehshiri ◽  
Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri ◽  
Ali Mostafaeipour ◽  
Alibek Issakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Battery Energy

The emerging environmental consequences of overdependence on fossil fuels have pushed many countries to invest in clean and renewable sources of power. Countries like Iran where these sources can be found in abundance can take advantage of this potential to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. This study investigated the feasibility of the standalone use of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to power buildings in the Bostegan village in the Hormozgan province of Iran. Technical, economic, and environmental assessments were performed with the help of the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software, and the optimal configuration for the system components was determined accordingly. The results showed that the simultaneous use of wind and solar systems with a converter and a backup system comprised of a diesel generator and batteries will be the most economic option, offering electricity at a cost of 1.058 USD/kWh and with a renewable fraction of 64%. After selecting the most optimal system using the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) techniques, a sensitivity analysis with 27 parameter settings was performed to determine the effect of fuel price fluctuations and the uncertainty in the renewable energy potentials on the results. This analysis showed that in the worst-case scenario, the price of electricity will reach as high as 1.343 $/kWh. In the end, the study investigated an alternative scenario where the generated power is used for hydrogen production, which showed that the system output can be used to produce 643.63 ton-H2/year.

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