Gas Turbine Control System Integration for Royal Caribbean Millennium Class Cruise Liner

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Olsheski ◽  
William W. Schulke
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Marine Propulsion ◽  
Prime Movers

Traditionally commercial marine propulsion needs have been met with direct drive reciprocating prime movers. In order to increase efficiency, simplify installation and maintenance accessibility, and increase cargo / passenger capacity; indirect electric drive gas and steam turbine combined cycle prime movers are being introduced to marine propulsion systems. One such application is the Royal Caribbean Cruise Line (RCCL) Millennium Class ship. This commercial vessel has two aero-derivative gas turbine generator sets with a single waste heat recovery steam turbine generator set. Each is controlled by independent microprocessor based digital control systems. This paper addresses only the gas turbine control system architecture and the unique safety and dynamic features that are integrated into the control system for this application.

scholarly journals Repowering of a Small Utility: A Unique Solution to a Unique Problem

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Fougere ◽  
H. G. Stewart ◽  
J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Turbine Generator

Citizens Utilities Company’s Kauai Electric Division is the electric utility on the Island of Kauai, fourth largest and westernmost as well as northernmost of the Hawaiian Islands. As a result of growing load requirements, additional generating capacity was required that would afford a high level of reliability and operating flexibility and good fuel economy at reasonable capital investment. To meet these requirements, a combined cycle arrangement was completed in 1978 utilizing one existing gas turbine-generator and one new gas turbine-generator, both exhausting to a new heat recovery steam generator which supplies steam to an existing steam turbine-generator. Damper controlled ducting directs exhaust gas from either gas turbine, one at a time, through the heat recovery steam generator. The existing oil-fired steam boiler remains available to power the steam turbine-generator independently or in parallel with the heat recovery steam generator. The gas turbines can operate either in simple cycle as peaking units or in combined cycle, one at a time, as base load units. This arrangement provides excellent operating reliability and flexibility, and the most favorable economics of all generating arrangements for the service required.

An Integrated Steam/Gas Turbine-Generator for Combined-Cycle Applications

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Steam Cycle

Combined-cycle power plants have been built with the gas turbine, steam turbine, and generator connected end-to-end to form a machine having a single shaft. To date, these plants have utilized a nonreheat steam cycle and a single-casing steam turbine of conventional design, connected to the collector end of the generator through a flexible shaft coupling. A new design has been developed for application of an advanced gas turbine of higher rating and higher firing temperature and exhaust gas temperature with a reheat steam cycle. The gas turbine and steam turbine are fully integrated mechanically, with solid shaft couplings and a common thrust bearing. This paper describes the new machine, with emphasis on the steam turbine section where the elimination of the flexible coupling created a number of unusual design requirements. Significant benefits in reduced cost and reduced complexity of design, operation, and maintenance are achieved as a result of the integration of the machine and its control and auxiliary systems.

Combined Turbine Equipment Performance

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Butler ◽  
Jagadish Nanjappa
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Turbine Equipment ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Equipment Performance

“Combined Turbine Equipment Performance” represents the combined performance of the Gas Turbine-Generator(s) and the Steam Turbine-Generator(s), while disregarding or holding the performance of the remaining equipment in the Power Plant at its design levels. The lack of established industry standards and methods addressing the manner in which combined turbine equipment performance should be determined has invited confusion and has created opportunities for technical errors to go undetected. This paper presents a method and the supporting theory by which the corrected performance of the turbine-generators within a combined cycle plant can be combined to gauge their combined performance levels for either contractual compliance or for diagnostic purposes. The Combined Turbine Equipment Performance methodology provided in this paper, allows the performance engineer to easily separate the performance contribution of each turbine generator from the overall plant performance. As such, this information becomes a powerful diagnostic tool in circumstances where a reconciliation of overall plant performance is desired. Individual (gas or steam) turbine performance can be determined by conducting a test in accordance with the respective test code (ASME PTC 22 or PTC 6.2). However, each of these test codes corrects the measured equipment performance to fundamentally different reference conditions. Where the gas turbine-generator measured performance is corrected primarily to ambient reference conditions, the steam turbine-generator measured performance is corrected to steam flows and other steam reference conditions. The simple mathematical addition of the corrected performance of each turbine ignores the well-known fact that the steam turbine-generator output in a combined cycle plant is impacted by the gas turbine exhaust conditions, in particular the gas turbine exhaust flow and temperature. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for the determination of “Combined Turbine Equipment Performance”, review the supporting theory, highlight the assumptions, and develop useful transfer functions for some commonly used combined cycle plant configurations, and bound the uncertainty associated with the methodology.

Combined Cycle for Process Gas Compression

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Sieck ◽  
N. P. Baudat ◽  
J. I. Alyea
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Combined Cycles

The desire to extract ethane and propane from the natural gas produced by off-shore wells in the Gulf of Mexico, led to the erection of the Cryogenic Gas Processing Plant near Erath, Louisiana. This paper describes the application of a combined cycle (gas/steam turbine) for gas compression and transmission. The installation is none of, if not, the largest and most efficient combined cycles in mechanical drive service, capable of handling over 1200 MMscf/d of gas. The installation incorporates a gas turbine rated 46,800 hp at ISO conditions and a steam turbine rated 29,700 hp. In addition, the cycle incorporates the use of gas turbine variable inlet guide vanes, a supplementary fired waste heat recovery boiler and forced draft fan for independent steam turbine operation.

Spa “Mashproekt” Combined Cycle Plants

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kovalenko ◽  
F. F. Belyayev ◽  
V. V. Lazarev ◽  
V. V. Lupandin
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Special Mode ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
History Of

The paper describes the history of design, development and 15 years’ sea-going experience of the MASHPROEKT combined cycle plants. Four R060 type ships powered by eight combined cycle plants each rated at. 25.000 h.p. and three naval ships with six cruise combined cycle plants each rated at. 10, 000 h.p. are in service now. Using of combined cycle permitted to increase their thermal efficiency by 20–30 per cent. To increase efficiency at a speed of 15…18 knots, a special mode of operation is used: the gas turbine and waste heat boiler operate at one board and steam generated by this waste heat boiler is used for a steam turbine of other board. Total operation life of all marine gas turbine units exceeds 330,000 hours.

Repowering a Steam Turbine-Generator Power Plant Through Heat Recovery Type Combined Cycle: Selection of the Cycle — A Case Study

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Bazzini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Steam Cycle

Much of the steam-turbine based, power generating units all over the word are more than 30 years old now. Within a few years they will face the possibility of retirement from service and replacement. Nonetheless some of them are firm candidates for repowering, a technology able to improve plant efficiency, output and reliability at low costs. This paper summarizes a study performed to establish the feasibility to repower a 2 × 33 MW steam turbine power plant and the procedure followed until selection of the steam cycle more suitable to the project. The preferred solution is compared with direct replacement of the units by a new combined cycle. Various repowering options were reviewed to find “beat recovery” type repowering as the best solution. That well-known technology consists of replacing the steam generator by a gas turbine coupled to an HRSG, supplying steam to the existing steam turbine. Three “GT+HRSG+ST” arrangements were considered. Available gas turbine-generators — both industrial and aero-derivative type —, were surveyed for three power output ranges. Five “typical” gas turbine-generator classes were then selected. Steam flow raised at the HRSG, gross and net power generation, and heat exchanging surface area of the HRSG, were calculated for a broad range of usually applied, steam turbine throttle conditions. Both single pressure and double pressure steam cycles were considered, as well as supplemental fire and convenience of utilizing the existing feed water heaters. Balance of plant constraints were also reviewed. Estimates were developed for total investment, O&M costs, fuel expenses, and revenues. Results are shown through various graphics and tables. The route leading to the preferred solution is explained and a sensitivity analysis added to validate the selection. The preferred solution, consisting in a Class 130 gas turbine in arrangement 1–1–2, a dual-pressure HRSG and a steam cycle without feed-water heaters, win allow delivering 200 MW to the grid, with a heat rate of 7423 kJ/kW-hr. Investment was valued at $MM77.0, with an IRR of 15.3%. Those figures compare well with the option of installing a new GTCC unit: with a better heat rate but an investment valued at $MM97.5, its IRR will only be 12.4%.

Modern opportunities for preparation of ultra-pure water for feeding high-performance boiler plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
A.A. Filimonova ◽  
◽  
N.D. Chichirova ◽  
A.A. Chichirov ◽  
A.A. Batalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Equipment

The article provides an overview of modern high-performance combined-cycle plants and gas turbine plants with waste heat boilers. The forecast for the introduction of gas turbine equipment at TPPs in the world and in Russia is presented. The classification of gas turbines according to the degree of energy efficiency and operational characteristics is given. Waste heat boilers are characterized in terms of design and associated performance and efficiency. To achieve high operating parameters of gas turbine and boiler equipment, it is necessary to use, among other things, modern water treatment equipment. The article discusses modern effective technologies, the leading place among which is occupied by membrane, and especially baromembrane methods of preparing feed water-waste heat boilers. At the same time, the ion exchange technology remains one of the most demanded at TPPs in the Russian Federation.

Externally-Fired Combined Cycle Repowering of Existing Steam Plants

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Vandervort ◽  
Mohammed R. Bary ◽  
Larry E. Stoddard ◽  
Steven T. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Generating Capacity

The Externally-Fired Combined Cycle (EFCC) is an attractive emerging technology for powering high efficiency combined gas and steam turbine cycles with coal or other ash bearing fuels. The key near-term market for the EFCC is likely to be repowering of existing coal fueled power generation units. Repowering with an EFCC system offers utilities the ability to improve efficiency of existing plants by 25 to 60 percent, while doubling generating capacity. Repowering can be accomplished at a capital cost half that of a new facility of similar capacity. Furthermore, the EFCC concept does not require complex chemical processes, and is therefore very compatible with existing utility operating experience. In the EFCC, the heat input to the gas turbine is supplied indirectly through a ceramic heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, coupled with an atmospheric coal combustor and auxiliary components, replaces the conventional gas turbine combustor. Addition of a steam bottoming plant and exhaust cleanup system completes the combined cycle. A conceptual design has been developed for EFCC repowering of an existing reference plant which operates with a 48 MW steam turbine at a net plant efficiency of 25 percent. The repowered plant design uses a General Electric LM6000 gas turbine package in the EFCC power island. Topping the existing steam plant with the coal fueled EFCC improves efficiency to nearly 40 percent. The capital cost of this upgrade is 1,090/kW. When combined with the high efficiency, the low cost of coal, and low operation and maintenance costs, the resulting cost of electricity is competitive for base load generation.

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