Evaluation of the Impact on CGT Operation When Converting to Crude Oil Fuel

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The present energy availability and pricing situation has caused many users to consider the use of less refined fuels for combustion gas turbines. The use of these fuels will have a definite impact on the cost of operation and unit availability. It is necessary that a user be aware of the extent of this impact prior to making the decision to convert to a lower quality fuel. This paper discusses the method employed by one user to evaluate this impact and presents the results that were obtained.

Crude Oil Burning Experience in MS5001P Gas Turbines

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bunz ◽  
G. N. Ziady ◽  
H. vonE. Doering ◽  
R. J. Radice
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Purification System ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
The Impact

At Qaisumah, Saudi Arabia, there are four GE MS5001P Gas Turbines operated by the Saudi Consolidated Electric Company in the Eastern Province (SCECO East). The Power Plant is not connected to the main SCECO grid and experiences near-capacity peak load demands in the summer months. Its remoteness and proximity to the Trans-Arabian Pipeline (TAPLINE) dictates the burning of Light Saudi Arabian Crude Oil which is desalted by centrifugal purification without the addition of wash water. Eliminating the need for wash water is important because of the scarcity of water at this site. Power loss is controlled and shutdowns minimized during the critical summer months by removing the ash accumulation on the turbine components by on-line nutshell cleaning. This paper describes the first application of this waterless (dry centrifuge) fuel purification system and the impact of various turbine cleaning methods (particularly on-line nutshelling) on turbine performance, availability, and maintenance.

Evaluation of Air Filtration Options for an Industrial Gas Turbine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Perullo ◽  
Josh Barron ◽  
Dale Grace ◽  
Leonard Angello ◽  
Tim Lieuwen
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Unit Output ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unit Performance

Gas turbines ingest large quantities of air during operation. As a result, large quantities of foreign particles ranging in size from smoke (0.01 to 1.0 micron) to pollen (10 micron) enter the unit and can contribute to both fouling and erosion depending on particle size. Fouling and erosion both lead to reductions in unit output and efficiency resulting in increased operational cost. Operators have historically combatted fouling through a combination of online water washes, more effective off-line water washes, and air filtration. As is the case with almost all engineering problems, the trade-off between the cost and effectiveness of these methods must be evaluated. Online washing is somewhat effective but has led to first stage blade erosion and unit trips in some cases. Off-line washing is more effective at cleaning the unit, but requires the unit to be shut down for extended periods of time. Air filtration can help prevent foreign particles from entering the unit, but higher efficiency filters are generally associated with a larger inlet pressure drop, leading to decreased unit output; this is balanced against reduced fouling rates. These tradeoffs between the costs associated with higher efficiency filters and the frequency of compressor washing need to be evaluated on a plant-by-plant basis to determine the best combination of air filtration and compressor washing programs. This paper presents a field study carried out to determine the effectiveness of high efficiency filters in preventing compressor fouling. Fourteen units at four sites were monitored over a 9 month to 3 year time period to determine the changes in unit performance and the impact of water washes on unit performance for both pre and final filters of lower and higher efficiency ratings. Results to date indicate that higher efficiency filters are effective at reducing the need for off-line water washes and potentially reduce life-cycle cost. Reduced output from the higher pressure drop, high efficiency filters is offset by the better performance retention offered from reduced fouling rates.

scholarly journals Reduction of Crude Oil Production Cost in Nigerian Indigenous Company using Activity Based Costing

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Adebisi Osetoba ◽  
Nkoi Barinyima ◽  
Rex Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Service Company ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of activity based costing in reducing crude oil production cost in Nigerian indigenous oil and gas company. This research work identified strategies to effectively reduce the cost of crude oil production by adopting a cost reduction tool for crude oil production and to establish a good crude oil flow to the surface for production. Activity based costing was the cost reduction tool used for this work. The tool helps to differentiate between value added costing and non-value added costing. Non-value added costs must be reduced or eliminated during production so as to maximise profit. Data was collected from an indigenous oil service company. The collated data were tabulated and graphs were plotted with the aid of Microsoft excel. The analysis revealed a total sum of ₦ 416,978,977 was wrongly spent for a duration of three years on crude oil production due to non-value added costing. The activities are: poor transportation of crude oil, that is, use of mobile tanker for haulage instead of laying 4 inches coated pipes for a distance of 5km and contracting the treatment of produced water to a contractor instead of setting up a water treatment plant. Also, using a diesel engine generator for electric power supply while gas was available as a fuel gas for natural gas consuming generator was a non-value added activity. Lastly, inadequate oil well flowing practice by flowing the well through an adjustable choke for a long period of time instead of using a fixed choke. This is a huge loss for indigenous oil producing fields operated by an indigenous oil service company in Nigeria. The loss was due to inability of the producers/field location owners to set up few equipment to meet up with complete operation standard.

scholarly journals Helium and Combustion Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems Comparison

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
The Impact

For closed-cycle gas turbines, in a size to meet utility power generation needs, the selection of helium as the working fluid represents the best solution in terms of the overall power conversion system considering the differing requirements of the turbomachinery and heat exchangers. Helium is well suited for the nuclear Brayton cycle because it is neutronically inert. The impact of helium’s unique properties on the performance and size of the power conversion system components is discussed in this paper. The helium gas turbine plants, that have operated were based on 1950s and 1960s technology, represent a valuable technology base in terms of practical experience gained. However, the design of the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR), which could see utility service in the first decade of the 21st century will utilize turbomachinery and heat exchanger technologies from the combustion gas turbine and aerospace industries. An understanding of how the design of power conversion systems for closed-cycle plants and combustion gas turbines are affected by the working fluids (i.e., helium and air, respectively) is the major theme of this paper.

Solar Desalination Based on Micro Gas Turbines Driven by Parabolic Dish Collectors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Rollán ◽  
Lourdes García-Rodríguez ◽  
G. S. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents the preliminary design and techno-economic assessment of an innovative solar system for the simultaneous production of water and electricity at small scale, based on the combination of a solar micro gas turbine and a bottoming desalination unit. The proposed layout is such that the former system converts solar energy into electricity and rejects heat that can be used to drive a thermal desalination plant. A design model is developed in order to select the main design parameters for two different desalination technologies, phase change and membrane desalination, in order to better exploit the available electricity and waste heat from the turbine. In addition to the usual design parameters of the mGT, the impact of the size of the collector is also assessed and, for the desalination technologies, a tailored multi-effect distillation unit is analysed through the selection of the corresponding design parameters. A reverse osmosis desalination system is also designed in parallel, based on commercial software currently used by the water industry. The results show that the electricity produced by the solar micro gas turbine can be used to drive a Reverse Osmosis system effectively whereas the exhaust gases could drive a distillation unit. This would decrease the stack temperature of the plant, increasing the overall energy efficiency of the system. Nevertheless, the better thermodynamic performance of this fully integrated system does not translate into a more economical production of water. Indeed, the cost of water turns out lower when coupling the solar microturbine and Reverse Osmosis units only (between 3 and 3.5 €/m3), whilst making further use the available waste heat in a Multi Effect Distillation system rises the cost of water by 15%.

scholarly journals Post-Combustion Capture or Direct Air Capture in Decarbonizing US Natural Gas Power?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Azarabadi ◽  
Klaus S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p>This analysis investigates the cost of carbon capture from the US natural gas-fired electricity generating fleet comparing two technologies: Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC). Many Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) units are suitable for post-combustion capture. We estimated the cost of post-combustion retrofits and investigated the most important unit characteristics contributing to this cost. Units larger than 350 MW, younger than 15 years, more efficient than 42% and with a utilization (capacity factor) higher than 0.5 are economically retrofittable. Counterintuitively, DAC (which is usually not considered for point-source capture) may be cheaper in addressing emissions from non-retrofittable NGCCs. DAC can also address the residual emissions from retrofitted plants. Moreover, economic challenges of post-combustion capture for small natural gas-fired units with low utilization, such as gas turbines, make DAC look favorable for these units. Considering the cost of post-combustion capture for the entire natural gas-related emissions after incorporating the impact of learning-by-doing for both carbon capture technologies, DAC is the cheaper capture solution for at least 1/3 of all emissions. </p>

Post-Combustion Capture or Direct Air Capture in Decarbonizing US Natural Gas Power?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Azarabadi ◽  
Klaus S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p>This analysis investigates the cost of carbon capture from the US natural gas-fired electricity generating fleet comparing two technologies: Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC). Many Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) units are suitable for post-combustion capture. We estimated the cost of post-combustion retrofits and investigated the most important unit characteristics contributing to this cost. Units larger than 350 MW, younger than 15 years, more efficient than 42% and with a utilization (capacity factor) higher than 0.5 are economically retrofittable. Counterintuitively, DAC (which is usually not considered for point-source capture) may be cheaper in addressing emissions from non-retrofittable NGCCs. DAC can also address the residual emissions from retrofitted plants. Moreover, economic challenges of post-combustion capture for small natural gas-fired units with low utilization, such as gas turbines, make DAC look favorable for these units. Considering the cost of post-combustion capture for the entire natural gas-related emissions after incorporating the impact of learning-by-doing for both carbon capture technologies, DAC is the cheaper capture solution for at least 1/3 of all emissions. </p>

Post-Combustion Capture or Direct Air Capture in Decarbonizing US Natural Gas Power?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Azarabadi ◽  
Klaus S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

<p>This analysis investigates the cost of carbon capture from the US natural gas-fired electricity generating fleet comparing two technologies: Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture (DAC). Many Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) units are suitable for post-combustion capture. We estimated the cost of post-combustion retrofits and investigated the most important unit characteristics contributing to this cost. Units larger than 350 MW, younger than 15 years, more efficient than 42% and with a utilization (capacity factor) higher than 0.5 are economically retrofittable. Counterintuitively, DAC (which is usually not considered for point-source capture) may be cheaper in addressing emissions from non-retrofittable NGCCs. DAC can also address the residual emissions from retrofitted plants. Moreover, economic challenges of post-combustion capture for small natural gas-fired units with low utilization, such as gas turbines, make DAC look favorable for these units. Considering the cost of post-combustion capture for the entire natural gas-related emissions after incorporating the impact of learning-by-doing for both carbon capture technologies, DAC is the cheaper capture solution for at least 1/3 of all emissions. </p>

scholarly journals REGRESSION MODELS OF ASSESSING INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS ON AMOUNT OF SERVICES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Sergey Noskov ◽  
Alexandr Sergeevich Vergasov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The paper highlights the results of a regression model contest organized using the computing technology and presents the mathematical models of the impact of economic indicators (the cost of exported crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas, direct investment abroad and to Russia, the volume of GDP) on the amount of exports and imports of telecommunications, computer and information services (ICT). The choice of such output indicators in the model is stipulated by a significant growth of the ICT world market over the past decades. Besides, the relative growth of telecommunications, computer and information services is much more dynamic compared to services in the conventional spheres such as transportation, construction, and goods processing. Another important reason for choosing these particular indicators is a high level of participation of IT enterprises in the ICT services export. According to some estimates, about 2,000 firms in the in-dustry are involved. In other words, more than 60% of ICT enterprises in Russia are exporting their services to foreign countries, the most countries-importers of ICT services from Russia being the European countries and the United States. The amount of ICT services, as follows from the formal and meaningful analysis of the constructed models, is more than 50% provided by the level of de-velopment of the country's economy, in which GDP is the main indicator. At the same time, the dynamics of both export and import of telecommunications, computer and information services is also significantly influenced by the cost of exported raw materials: crude oil, oil products and natural gas. The models presented in the work can be effectively used for further detailed analysis of the influence of macroeconomic factors on the development of information and computer technologies and for solving a wide range of medium and short term forecasting problems.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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