scholarly journals The Increasing Role of Heat Exchangers in Gas Turbine Plants

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prime Movers

In the introductory phase of gas turbine deployment for industrial service there was a natural reluctance to incorporate heat exchangers, although some variants included recuperators and intercoolers to enhance performance, since only modest values of compressor and turbine efficiency could be realized. Today, following half a century of intensive development, the situation is quite different, since high turbomachinery efficiencies contribute to attractive levels of performance for contemporary simple cycle plants. Because further aerodynamic advancements are likely to be incremental in nature, significant increase in plant performance can only be realized by either going to higher turbine inlet temperature, or utilizing more complex thermodynamic cycles, or both. It is in the latter two cases that heat exchangers will play an increasing role in the evolutionary advancement of gas turbine plant efficiency. This paper highlights the potential use of heat exchangers for a wide range of gas turbine applications, including industrial prime-movers, electrical power generation, marine service, and perhaps their ultimate use in aircraft propulsion systems. In the last decade, significant heat exchanger technology advancements have been made, to the point where previous impediments (to their widespread acceptance) associated with reliability, have been overcome. It is encouraging that today many proven heat exchanger hardware options are available to gas turbine users, and this will enhance their utilization across the full spectrum of applications, and indeed in the long-term may well make the simple cycle gas turbine obsolete.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Biomass Fuel Driven EFMGT Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2421-2425
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Biomass fuel as carbon neutral, abundant, domestic, cost effective is being reconsidered to fuel-up the power plant to produce electricity in clean way. But utilization of biomass fuel directly in existing conventional power plant causes problem in turbine such as erosion, hot corrosion, clogging and depositions [1]. As such combustion of biomass fuel outside the primary cycle eradicates potential hazards for turbine. In such a case indirectly fired micro gas turbine opens a door to biomass fuel as this technology is free from negative aspects of direct combustion as well as making micro gas turbine feasible to generate electricity in small scale at non-grid areas for individual consumer or group of consumers. In this research, the effect of different types of biomass fuel on operating parameters as well as on output electrical power of externally fired micro gas turbine (EFmGT)has been analyzed. The biomass fuels are categorized on the basis of air to fuel ratio (AFR) using stoichiometry combustion theory. It is found from results that parameters like air mass flow rate, compression ratio, heat exchanger effectiveness, turbine inlet temperature, combustion temperature, and temperature difference in heat exchanger affect the performance of EFmGT. Also types of biomass fuel have substantial impacts on these performance parameters as well as on electrical power output of EFmGT cycle.

scholarly journals Analysis of Three-Fluid, Crossflow Heat Exchangers

1968 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Willis ◽  
A. J. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Countercurrent Flow ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Effectiveness Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Parameter

In this study, the performance of three-fluid, crossflow heat exchangers is determined and presented graphically in terms of the temperature effectiveness of two of the fluids. The effectiveness is determined as a function of heat exchanger size for sets of fixed operating conditions. The introduction of nondimensional operating variables reduces the volume of data required to represent a practical range of operating conditions. The number of boundary conditions for the temperatures is reduced from three to one by the introduction of a nondimensional inlet temperature parameter. Effectiveness factors are determined for a wide range of operating parameters for single-pass, three-fluid heat exchangers. Performance of multipass three-fluid heat exchangers for both cocurrent and countercurrent flow is studied for selected operating conditions.

Diffusion Bonded Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) in Fuel Gas Heating to Improve Efficiency of CCGTs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Shiferaw ◽  
Robert Broad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Compact Heat Exchanger ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Heating

The purpose of this paper is to show how compact heat exchanger technology can offer energy savings and hence cycle efficiency improvements on new and existing gas turbine installations by being utilised for fuel gas heating. After a brief introduction to high temperature compact heat exchanger technology and comparison to traditional equipment, thermodynamic cycle analysis for a combined cycle gas turbine plant (CCGT) is used show the advantages of compact technology over conventional technology, analysing the fuel gas heating, to illustrate the overall savings. A case study is used to demonstrate an increase in net LHV electric efficiency in the range of 0.5 to 1.17 % achievable using high effectiveness compact diffusion bonded heat exchangers in fuel gas heating. Intermediate pressure and high pressure feed water heating is considered for increasing the fuel gas inlet temperature to the combustor. The model is built in Excel and is extended to a capital expenditure overview based on new or a retrofitting in existing plants.

The Key Role of Heat Exchangers in Closed Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plants

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
External Source ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Enhance Efficiency

In the power generation field, simple cycle gas turbines are dominant, with heat exchanged variants only selected based on particular user’s requirements. For the lesser known closed Brayton cycle (CBC) power plant, heat exchangers are mandatory. The following three categories of heat exchangers are addressed in this paper, 1) heat input to the closed cycle from an external source; for example the heat exchanger in a fluidized bed combuster in the case of a fossil-fired plant, or an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) in the case of an indirect cycle nuclear gas turbine, 2) recuperator in the system to enhance efficiency, and 3) exchangers (i.e., precooler and intercooler) for heat rejection from the system. The influence that these heat exchangers have on the selection of system parameters, and plant performance is discussed. Heat exchanger technology state-of-the-art for CBC systems is highlighted.

The Effects of Ambient Conditions on Gas Turbine Emissions—Generalized Correction Factors

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Donovan ◽  
T. Cackette
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Emission ◽  
Wide Range

A set of factors which reduces the variability due to ambient conditions of the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen emission indices has been developed. These factors can be used to correct an emission index to reference day ambient conditions. The correction factors, which vary with engine rated pressure ratio for NOx and idle pressure ratio for HC and CO, can be applied to a wide range of current technology gas turbine engines. The factors are a function of only the combustor inlet temperature and ambient humidity.

Plasma-Assisted Combustor Dynamics Control at Ambient and Realistic Gas Turbine Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wookyung Kim ◽  
Jeffrey Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Plasma ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Baseline Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The central objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a plasma discharge to improve combustor dynamics and flame stability. Specifically, a nano-second pulsed plasma discharge (NSPD) was applied to a premixed gaseous fuel/air dump combustor for mitigation of dynamic combustion instabilities with a minimal NOX penalty. This paper addresses the scaling of this technology from ambient pressure and temperature conditions to more realistic gas turbine combustor conditions. A model combustor operating at representative conditions of O (102) m/s flow velocity, ∼ 580 K combustor inlet temperature, and ∼ 5 atm in-combustor pressure was selected to simulate a typical low-power environment of future aero engine gas turbine combustors. Fully premixed methane or propane was utilized as a fuel. Similar to a previous ambient-pressure study, a significant reduction of pressure fluctuation level was observed, by a factor of 2X to 4X over a wide range of velocity at the baseline temperature and pressure. The plasma power required for the reduction increased linearly with increasing velocity. The change of fuel from methane to propane showed that propane requires significantly (2X) higher plasma power to achieve a similar level of noise reduction. It was also observed that the lean blowout (LBO) limit was significantly extended in the presence of the plasma, however, substantial incomplete combustion occurs in the extended regime. NOX measurements showed that the incremental NOX production due to the presence of the plasma was low (∼ < 1EINOX) in general, however, it increased with decreasing velocity and pressure, and increasing temperature.

Advanced and Transformational Hydrogen Turbines for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Shelton ◽  
Robin W. Ames ◽  
Richard A. Dennis ◽  
Charles W. White ◽  
John E. Plunkett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
System Level ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Integrated Gasification

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) provides a worldwide leadership role in the development of advanced fossil fuel-based energy conversion technologies, with a focus on electric power generation with carbon capture and storage (CCS). As part of DOE’s Office of Fossil Energy, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) implements research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) programs that address the challenges of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To meet these challenges, NETL evaluates advanced power cycles that will maximize system efficiency and performance, while minimizing CO2 emissions and the costs of CCS. NETL’s Hydrogen Turbine Program has sponsored numerous R&D projects in support of Advanced Hydrogen Turbines (AHT). Turbine systems and components targeted for development include combustor technology, materials research, enhanced cooling technology, coatings development, and more. The R&D builds on existing gas turbine technologies and is intended to develop and test the component technologies and subsystems needed to validate the ability to meet the Turbine Program goals. These technologies are key components of AHTs, which enable overall plant efficiency and cost of electricity (COE) improvements relative to an F-frame turbine-based Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) reference plant equipped with carbon capture (today’s state-of-the-art). This work has also provided the basis for estimating future IGCC plant performance based on a Transformational Hydrogen Turbine (THT) with a higher turbine inlet temperature, enhanced material capabilities, reduced air cooling and leakage, and higher pressure ratios than the AHT. IGCC cases from using system-level AHT and THT gas turbine models were developed for comparisons with an F-frame turbine-based IGCC reference case and for an IGCC pathway study. The IGCC pathway is presented in which the reference case (i.e. includes F-frame turbine) is sequentially-modified through the incorporation of advanced technologies. Advanced technologies are considered to be either 2nd Generation or Transformational, if they are anticipated to be ready for demonstration by 2025 and 2030, respectively. The current results included the THT, additional potential transformational technologies related to IGCC plant sections (e.g. air separation, gasification, gas cleanup, carbon capture, NOx reduction) are being considered by NETL and are topics for inclusion in future reports.

scholarly journals Analytical and Experimental Investigation of a Plate Fin Heat Exchanger at Cryogenics Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Gupta ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Ranjit K. Sahoo ◽  
Sunil K. Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Compact Size

Plate-fin heat exchangers provide a broad range of applications in many cryogenic industries for liquefaction and separation of gasses because of their excellent technical advantages such as high effectiveness, compact size, etc. Correlations are available for the design of a plate-fin heat exchanger, but experimental investigations are few at cryogenic temperature. In the present study, a cryogenic heat exchanger test setup has been designed and fabricated to investigate the performance of plate-fin heat exchanger at cryogenic temperature. Major parameters (Colburn factor, Friction factor, etc.) that affect the performance of plate-fin heat exchangers are provided concisely. The effect of mass flow rate and inlet temperature on the effectiveness and pressure drop of the heat exchanger are investigated. It is observed that with an increase in mass flow rate effectiveness and pressure drop increases. The present setup emphasis the systematic procedure to perform the experiment based on cryogenic operating conditions and represent its uncertainties level.

scholarly journals Coal Mine Methane Utilization in Gas Turbine Units for Electricity and Heat Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кулаков ◽  
D. Kulakov ◽  
Щёголев ◽  
N. Shchegolev ◽  
Тумашев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Coal Mine Methane ◽  
Wide Range

Coal mining is accompanied by the release of coal mine methane. Its emissions into the atmosphere within methane-air mixture have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The modern approach involves the use of methane-air-mixture for heat boilers or units to generate electricity. For the generation of heat and electrical energy the coal mine methane could be used in cogeneration gas turbine plants with an altered sequence of processes. Thermo — and gas dynamics studies were conducted in a wide range of parameters of gas turbine plants. For small power plants recommended are: 2.8 compression ratio, turbine inlet — 1173 K, gas cooler inlet temperature — 303 K, 0.8 regeneration ratio. In this case the electrical efficiency of gas turbine plant is 25–26% and even 63–64% if produced heat is counted. Cogeneration gas turbine plant with an altered sequence of process has smaller capital and operating costs compared to traditional gas turbine unit. The use of methane-air mixture as fuel in such gas turbine units increases the profitability of coal mining and improves the ecological situation in the region.

scholarly journals The Role of the Recuperator in High Performance Gas Turbine Applications

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Waste Heat ◽  
Prime Movers

With soaring fuel costs and diminishing clean fuel availability, the efficiency of the industrial gas turbine must be improved by utilizing the exhaust waste heat by either incorporating a recuperator or by co-generation, or both. In the future, gas turbines for power generation should be capable of operation on fuels hitherto not exploited in this prime-mover, i.e., coal and nuclear fuel. The recuperative gas turbine can be used for open-cycle, indirect cycle, and closed-cycle applications, the latter now receiving renewed attention because of its adaptability to both fossil (coal) and nuclear (high temperature gas-cooled reactor) heat sources. All of these prime-movers require a viable high temperature heat exchanger for high plant efficiency. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the increasingly important role of the recuperator and the complete spectrum of recuperative gas turbine applications is surveyed, from lightweight propulsion engines, through vehicular and industrial prime-movers, to the large utility size nuclear closed-cycle gas turbine. For each application, the appropriate design criteria, types of recuperator construction (plate-fin or tubular etc.), and heat exchanger material (metal or ceramic) are briefly discussed.

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