Operating Experience of the GT13E2 at Kawasaki Gas Turbine Research Center

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Fujii ◽  
Takakazu Uenaka ◽  
Hitoshi Masuo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Nox Emissions

The first Kawasaki-ABB GT13E2 gas turbine began operating at Kawasaki Gas Turbine Research Center (KGRC) in Sodegaura city, Japan in January 1994. This facility is a simple-cycle power station and is operated in DSS (Daily Start and Stop) operation mode as a peaking unit, and its output electricity is delivered to Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). The GT13E2 gas turbine at KGRC was manufactured jointly by Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) and Asea Brown Boveri (ABB). KHI and ABB have a joint test program with this facility to research for high reliability, high performance and low emission for the GT13E2 and future gas turbines. The performance of the KGRC GT13E2 has been monitored continuously. It was found from these monitored data that the thermal efficiency has been maintained at a high level and could be recovered by compressor washing when the compressor was fouled. Several factors which influence NOx emissions were studied on the gas turbine, and it was found that atmospheric humidity has a major influence on NOx emissions. Also other factor such as the position of the variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) and fuel gas flow through each burner of the combustor were adjusted to reduce NOx emission. As a result, NOx emission from the KGRC GT13E2 has been maintained at a very low level. Reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) has been evaluated by Operational Reliability Analysis Program (ORAP®) of Strategic Power Systems, Inc. (SPS) in order to identify and improve RAM performance of the GT13E2 at KGRC. These analyses made it clear what kind of outage had an impact on the reliability, availability and starting reliability of the KGRC GT13E2 and appropriate actions have increased the starting reliability. This paper describes operating experiences of the KGRC GT13E2 including performance, emissions and RAM performance.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McGraw ◽  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Christian Ba¨hr ◽  
Mary Chiozza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Hot Gas

In order to promote high efficiency combined with high power output, reliability, and availability, Siemens advanced gas turbines are equipped with state-of-the-art turbine blades and hot gas path parts. These parts embody the latest developments in base materials (single crystal and directionally solidified), as well as complex cooling arrangements (round and shaped holes) and coating systems. A modern gas turbine blade (or other hot gas path part) is a duplex component consisting of base material and coating system. Planned recoating and repair intervals are established as part of the blade design. Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost-effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability. This paper gives an overview of the operating experience and key technologies used to repair these parts.

Robust Gas Turbine Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Becker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Very High

Industrial gas turbines utilize numerous design features that cannot be implemented in jet aircraft turbines for weight reasons, but because of their straight-forward and robust nature trim costs and reduce both maintenance effort and operating risks. Regardless of manufacturer, the following design features, for example, have become the established industry standard: • single-shaft rotor; • 2 bearings at atmospheric pressure; • Journal bearing instead of ball bearings; • steel blading in the compressor. For the key components compressor, turbine, rotor, and combustion chamber of its 3A family (Fig. 1), Siemens has developed and tested additional features that reduce wear further and improve operational reliability. Operating experience gathered to date has shown that these features enable achievements of very high reliability and availability. Some of the measures described also contribute to enhanced output and efficiency.

scholarly journals Operating Experience With Prototype Gas Turbines

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Higher Power

Prototype gas turbines must have higher power and efficiency than their forerunners and therefore include new technologies and designs. A high reliability of the new gas turbine can be reached by careful evaluations of operating experience and by the choice of well proven elements for the new design. The first year’s operating experience with several prototype gas turbines, put into operation in the last decade, is given in the paper. It shows what kind of problems have been met in the past. All machines have given satisfactory service. This paper gives gas turbine users an assessment of the risks of running a prototype gas turbine.

Low NOx Emission Technology for the Vx4.3A Gas Turbine Series in Fuel Oil Operation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Meisl ◽  
Gerald Lauer ◽  
Stefan Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Low Nox Emission ◽  
Distillate Fuel

This contribution describes the systematic refinement of the hybrid burner used in Siemens Vx4.3A gas turbines for lean premix combustion of various liquid fuels such as Distillate fuel No. 2, Naphtha and Condensate. Additionally to the dry premix operation fuel/water emulsions are used in premix mode for a further reduction of NOx emissions or power augmentation. NOx emissions of less than 72 ppm are already achieved with the HR3 hybrid burner in dry premix mode. These can be reduced to values below of 42 ppm NOx in emulsion mode.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Gas Turbine NOx Emission Measurements

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred S. Y. Hung ◽  
Alan Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Good Agreement

The advent of dry, low-emissions combustion systems for gas turbine applications and the trend towards requiring emissions monitoring and lower NOx limits by regulatory agencies, have created renewed interests in the uncertainty of NOx emissions measurements. This paper addresses the uncertainty of measuring NOx emissions from gas turbines in the field, including gas turbines equipped with conventional combustion systems, with or without water injection, with dry, low-emissions combustion systems and with exhaust clean-up systems. The sources of errors, using current state-of-the-art instruments, in field emissions testing or continuous emission monitoring of gas turbines to meet specific emission (ppmvd @ 15% O2) as well as mass emission rate (kg/hr) limits are identified. The uncertainty of measuring NOx emissions from gas turbines is estimated and compared with Geld data. The effect of NOx emission levels on measurement uncertainty is also addressed. The minimus NOx measurement uncertainty is determined and is in good agreement with what is currently allowed by regulatory agencies.

scholarly journals A Fuel Oilpremix Burner for Gas Turbines: Development and Initial Operating Experience

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schetter ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Schabbehard ◽  
Ulf Josefson ◽  
Anders Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation

Premix combustion of natural gas in Siemens hybrid burners has been carried out successfully in gas turbine power plant since 1986 and has enabled NOx emissions below 10 ppm to be achieved without additional water or steam injection. Based on this experience, the hybrid burner has been further developed for the premix combustion of fuel oil and is now in commercial operation in a Siemens Model V94.2 gas turbine at the Halmstad power plant in Sweden. The final testing of the new burners on site was carried out from January to September 1993 by courtesy of and in a fruitful cooperation with the client, SYDKRAFT AB. This paper sets out a number of requirements for successful premix combustion of fuel oil, describes how these requirements have been met and concludes with the results of site measurements of NOx and CO emissions. Base load NOx emissions were reduced to less than a quarter of their previous values without additional water or steam injection.

PEMS: Monitoring NOx Emissions From Gas Turbines

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred S. Y. Hung ◽  
Fritz Langenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Report Generation ◽  
Emission Monitoring

Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) was developed in 1990 to provide continuous monitoring of NOx emissions from stationary gas turbines with minimum maintenance. This system will meet the Enhanced Monitoring requirements under Title V of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 when these requirements are finalized. The PEMS has been well received by various United States federal, state and local environmental agencies. It has been certified in the state of Colorado, and accepted in Pennsylvania and Texas. This paper reviews the Enhanced Monitoring requirements for gas turbine NOx emissions monitoring and discusses the technical background of the PEMS. The PEMS design is described, including inputs, outputs and operator interface. Experiences with some of the installed systems are presented. The PEMS predicts NOx emissions from turbine control system inputs and measurements of ambient air conditions. The prediction algorithms are based upon a time tested NOx emission model for gas turbines. This model has successfully predicted all measured NOx emission phenomena from gas turbines since 1974. The PEMS has been proven to be accurate within the 20% relative accuracy required for certification. The PEMS operates unattended, with extremely low maintenance and high reliability. Record keeping and report generation are automated. The PEMS is typically integrated into the turbine control and condition monitoring system. The PEMS meets regulatory requirements with a much lower cost than a conventional Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS).

Development of the DLE Combustor for L30A Gas Turbine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Sakurazawa ◽  
Takeo Oda ◽  
Satoshi Takami ◽  
Atsushi Okuto ◽  
Yasuhiro Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Analyses

This paper describes the development of the Dry Low Emission (DLE) combustor for L30A gas turbine. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD (KHI) has been producing relatively small-size gas turbines (25kW to 30MW class). L30A gas turbine, which has a rated output of 30MW, achieved the thermal efficiency of more than 40%. Most continuous operation models use DLE combustion systems to reduce the harmful emissions and to meet the emission regulation or self-imposed restrictions. KHI’s DLE combustors consist of three burners, a diffusion pilot burner, a lean premix main burner, and supplemental burners. KHI’s proven DLE technologies are also adapted to the L30A combustor design. The development of L30 combustor is divided in four main steps. In the first step, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were carried out to optimize the detail configuration of the combustor. In a second step, an experimental evaluation using single-can-combustor was conducted in-house intermediate-pressure test facility to evaluate the performances such as ignition, emissions, liner wall temperature, exhaust temperature distribution, and satisfactory results were obtained. In the third step, actual pressure and temperature rig tests were carried out at the Institute for Power Plant Technology, Steam and Gas Turbines (IKDG) of Aachen University, achieving NOx emission value of less than 15ppm (O2=15%). Finally, the L30A commercial validation engine was tested in an in-house test facility, NOx emission is achieved less than 15ppm (O2=15%) between 50% and 100% load operation point. L30A field validation engine have been operated from September 2012 at a chemical industries in Japan.

scholarly journals The Effect of Discrete Pilot Hydrogen Dopant Injection on the Lean Blowout Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh Nguyen ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor

In view of increasingly stringent NOx emissions regulations on stationary gas turbines, lean combustion offers an attractive option to reduce reaction temperatures and thereby decrease NOx production. Under lean operation, however, the reaction is vulnerable to blowout. It is herein postulated that pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, can enhance the lean blowout performance without sacrificing overall performance. The present study addresses this hypothesis in a research combustor assembly, operated at atmospheric pressure, and fired on natural gas using rapid mixing injection, typical of commercial units. Five hydrogen injector scenarios are investigated. The results show that (1) pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, leads to improved lean blowout performance and (2) the location of discrete injection has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the doping strategy.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines for the Chemical Industry

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stanley Stys
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Construction

Application of the gas turbine in nitric-acid plants appears attractive. Several of these units have been installed recently in this country and performance and operating experience already have been gained. Design, construction, and layout of “package” units for this particular process are described.

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