Low NOx Emission Technology for the Vx4.3A Gas Turbine Series in Fuel Oil Operation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Meisl ◽  
Gerald Lauer ◽  
Stefan Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Low Nox Emission ◽  
Distillate Fuel

This contribution describes the systematic refinement of the hybrid burner used in Siemens Vx4.3A gas turbines for lean premix combustion of various liquid fuels such as Distillate fuel No. 2, Naphtha and Condensate. Additionally to the dry premix operation fuel/water emulsions are used in premix mode for a further reduction of NOx emissions or power augmentation. NOx emissions of less than 72 ppm are already achieved with the HR3 hybrid burner in dry premix mode. These can be reduced to values below of 42 ppm NOx in emulsion mode.

scholarly journals A Fuel Oilpremix Burner for Gas Turbines: Development and Initial Operating Experience

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schetter ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Schabbehard ◽  
Ulf Josefson ◽  
Anders Ahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation

Premix combustion of natural gas in Siemens hybrid burners has been carried out successfully in gas turbine power plant since 1986 and has enabled NOx emissions below 10 ppm to be achieved without additional water or steam injection. Based on this experience, the hybrid burner has been further developed for the premix combustion of fuel oil and is now in commercial operation in a Siemens Model V94.2 gas turbine at the Halmstad power plant in Sweden. The final testing of the new burners on site was carried out from January to September 1993 by courtesy of and in a fruitful cooperation with the client, SYDKRAFT AB. This paper sets out a number of requirements for successful premix combustion of fuel oil, describes how these requirements have been met and concludes with the results of site measurements of NOx and CO emissions. Base load NOx emissions were reduced to less than a quarter of their previous values without additional water or steam injection.

A Potential Low NOx Emission Combustor for Gas Turbines Using the Concept of Hybrid Combustion

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Mumford ◽  
W. S. Y. Hung ◽  
P. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Viable System ◽  
Low Nox Emission

An experimentally verified NOx emission model has been described previously to predict accurately the NOx emission characteristics of conventional gas turbine combustors as well as laboratory scaled premixed combustor. Experimental data and analyses indicated that a hybrid combustor, which utilizes features of both the conventional and the premixed combustors, has the potential to be a viable low NOx emission combustor. Initial calculations indicated low NOx emission levels for the hybrid combustor. This hybrid combustion concept was tested in the laboratory. The measured NOx emissions from this laboratory-scaled hybrid combustor were in excellent agreement with the analytical predictions. The emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons were also measured. It has been concluded from an analysis of the measured data that a gas turbine combustor, designed with the hybrid combustion concept, has the best potential to be a near-term viable combustor in meeting the EPA proposed gas turbine emission regulations. The experimental effort thus far has focused on the emission characteristics. Other areas of the design, such as the vaporization of liquid fuels, require additional development work prior to the incorporation of this concept into a viable system for an engine application.

scholarly journals Conversion of Liquid to Gaseous Fuel for Prevaporised Premixed Combustion in Gas Turbines

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
L. Reh ◽  
D. Pennell ◽  
D. Winkler ◽  
K. Döbbeling
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion Tests

Stationary gas turbines for power generation are increasingly being equipped with low emission burners. By applying lean premixed combustion techniques for gaseous fuels both NOx and CO emissions can be reduced to extremely low levels (NOx emissions <25vppm, CO emissions <10vppm). Likewise, if analogous premix techniques can be applied to liquid fuels (diesel oil, Oil No.2, etc.) in gas-fired burners, similar low level emissions when burning oils are possible. For gas turbines which operate with liquid fuel or in dual fuel operation, VPL (Vaporised Premixed Lean)-combustion is essential for obtaining minimal NOx-emissions. An option is to vaporise the liquid fuel in a separate fuel vaporiser and subsequently supply the fuel vapour to the natural gas fuel injection system; this has not been investigated for gas turbine combustion in the past. This paper presents experimental results of atmospheric and high-pressure combustion tests using research premix burners running on vaporised liquid fuel. The following processes were investigated: • evaporation and partial decomposition of the liquid fuel (Oil No.2); • utilisation of low pressure exhaust gases to externally heat the high pressure fuel vaporiser; • operation of ABB premix-burners (EV burners) with vaporised Oil No.2; • combustion characteristics at pressures up to 25bar. Atmospheric VPL-combustion tests using Oil No.2 in ABB EV-burners under simulated gas turbine conditions have successfully produced emissions of NOx below 20vppm and of CO below 10vppm (corrected to 15% O2). 5vppm of these NOx values result from fuel bound nitrogen. Little dependence of these emissions on combustion pressure bas been observed. The techniques employed also ensured combustion with a stable non luminous (blue) flame during transition from gaseous to vaporised fuel. Additionally, no soot accumulation was detectable during combustion.

Operating Experience of the GT13E2 at Kawasaki Gas Turbine Research Center

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Fujii ◽  
Takakazu Uenaka ◽  
Hitoshi Masuo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Nox Emissions

The first Kawasaki-ABB GT13E2 gas turbine began operating at Kawasaki Gas Turbine Research Center (KGRC) in Sodegaura city, Japan in January 1994. This facility is a simple-cycle power station and is operated in DSS (Daily Start and Stop) operation mode as a peaking unit, and its output electricity is delivered to Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). The GT13E2 gas turbine at KGRC was manufactured jointly by Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) and Asea Brown Boveri (ABB). KHI and ABB have a joint test program with this facility to research for high reliability, high performance and low emission for the GT13E2 and future gas turbines. The performance of the KGRC GT13E2 has been monitored continuously. It was found from these monitored data that the thermal efficiency has been maintained at a high level and could be recovered by compressor washing when the compressor was fouled. Several factors which influence NOx emissions were studied on the gas turbine, and it was found that atmospheric humidity has a major influence on NOx emissions. Also other factor such as the position of the variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) and fuel gas flow through each burner of the combustor were adjusted to reduce NOx emission. As a result, NOx emission from the KGRC GT13E2 has been maintained at a very low level. Reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) has been evaluated by Operational Reliability Analysis Program (ORAP®) of Strategic Power Systems, Inc. (SPS) in order to identify and improve RAM performance of the GT13E2 at KGRC. These analyses made it clear what kind of outage had an impact on the reliability, availability and starting reliability of the KGRC GT13E2 and appropriate actions have increased the starting reliability. This paper describes operating experiences of the KGRC GT13E2 including performance, emissions and RAM performance.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in Gas Turbine NOx Emission Measurements

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred S. Y. Hung ◽  
Alan Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Good Agreement

The advent of dry, low-emissions combustion systems for gas turbine applications and the trend towards requiring emissions monitoring and lower NOx limits by regulatory agencies, have created renewed interests in the uncertainty of NOx emissions measurements. This paper addresses the uncertainty of measuring NOx emissions from gas turbines in the field, including gas turbines equipped with conventional combustion systems, with or without water injection, with dry, low-emissions combustion systems and with exhaust clean-up systems. The sources of errors, using current state-of-the-art instruments, in field emissions testing or continuous emission monitoring of gas turbines to meet specific emission (ppmvd @ 15% O2) as well as mass emission rate (kg/hr) limits are identified. The uncertainty of measuring NOx emissions from gas turbines is estimated and compared with Geld data. The effect of NOx emission levels on measurement uncertainty is also addressed. The minimus NOx measurement uncertainty is determined and is in good agreement with what is currently allowed by regulatory agencies.

Development of the DLE Combustor for L30A Gas Turbine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Sakurazawa ◽  
Takeo Oda ◽  
Satoshi Takami ◽  
Atsushi Okuto ◽  
Yasuhiro Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Analyses

This paper describes the development of the Dry Low Emission (DLE) combustor for L30A gas turbine. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD (KHI) has been producing relatively small-size gas turbines (25kW to 30MW class). L30A gas turbine, which has a rated output of 30MW, achieved the thermal efficiency of more than 40%. Most continuous operation models use DLE combustion systems to reduce the harmful emissions and to meet the emission regulation or self-imposed restrictions. KHI’s DLE combustors consist of three burners, a diffusion pilot burner, a lean premix main burner, and supplemental burners. KHI’s proven DLE technologies are also adapted to the L30A combustor design. The development of L30 combustor is divided in four main steps. In the first step, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were carried out to optimize the detail configuration of the combustor. In a second step, an experimental evaluation using single-can-combustor was conducted in-house intermediate-pressure test facility to evaluate the performances such as ignition, emissions, liner wall temperature, exhaust temperature distribution, and satisfactory results were obtained. In the third step, actual pressure and temperature rig tests were carried out at the Institute for Power Plant Technology, Steam and Gas Turbines (IKDG) of Aachen University, achieving NOx emission value of less than 15ppm (O2=15%). Finally, the L30A commercial validation engine was tested in an in-house test facility, NOx emission is achieved less than 15ppm (O2=15%) between 50% and 100% load operation point. L30A field validation engine have been operated from September 2012 at a chemical industries in Japan.

Development and Integration of the Dual Fuel Combustion System for the MGT Gas Turbine Family

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ćosić ◽  
Frank Reiss ◽  
Marc Blümer ◽  
Christian Frekers ◽  
Franklin Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Abstract Industrial gas turbines like the MGT6000 are often operated as power supply or as mechanical drives. In these applications, liquid fuels like 'Diesel Fuel No.2' can be used either as main fuel or as backup fuel if natural gas is not reliably available. The MAN Gas Turbines (MGT) operate with the Advanced Can Combustion (ACC) system, which is capable of ultra-low NOx emissions for gaseous fuels. This system has been further developed to provide dry dual fuel capability. In the present paper, we describe the design and detailed experimental validation process of the liquid fuel injection, and its integration into the gas turbine package. A central lance with an integrated two-stage nozzle is employed as a liquid pilot stage, enabling ignition and start-up of the engine on liquid fuel only. The pilot stage is continuously operated, whereas the bulk of the liquid fuel is injected through the premixed combustor stage. The premixed stage comprises a set of four decentralized nozzles based on fluidic oscillator atomizers, wherein atomization of the liquid fuel is achieved through self-induced oscillations. We present results illustrating the spray, hydrodynamic, and emission performance of the injectors. Extensive testing of the burner at atmospheric and full load high-pressure conditions has been performed, before verification within full engine tests. We show the design of the fuel supply and distribution system. Finally, we discuss the integration of the dual fuel system into the standard gas turbine package of the MGT6000.

Analysis of air-staged combustion of NH3/CH4 mixture with low NOx emission at gas turbine conditions in model combustors

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Li ◽  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Hua Zhou ◽  
Zhuyin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Staged Combustion ◽  
Low Nox Emission

scholarly journals The Effect of Discrete Pilot Hydrogen Dopant Injection on the Lean Blowout Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh Nguyen ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor

In view of increasingly stringent NOx emissions regulations on stationary gas turbines, lean combustion offers an attractive option to reduce reaction temperatures and thereby decrease NOx production. Under lean operation, however, the reaction is vulnerable to blowout. It is herein postulated that pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, can enhance the lean blowout performance without sacrificing overall performance. The present study addresses this hypothesis in a research combustor assembly, operated at atmospheric pressure, and fired on natural gas using rapid mixing injection, typical of commercial units. Five hydrogen injector scenarios are investigated. The results show that (1) pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, leads to improved lean blowout performance and (2) the location of discrete injection has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the doping strategy.

The Effect of Water Injection for Emissions Control on Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Antos ◽  
W. C. Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

One common method of reducing the NOx emissions from industrial gas turbines is to inject water into the combustion process. The amount of water injected depends on the emissions rules that apply to a particular unit. Westinghouse W501B industrial gas turbines have been operated at water injection levels required to meet EPA NOx emissions regulations. They also have been operated at higher injection levels required to meet stricter California regulations. Operation at the lower rates of water did not affect combustor inspection and/or repair intervals. Operation on liquid fuels with high rates of water also did not result in premature distress. However, operation on gas fuel at high rates of water did cause premature distress in the combustors. To evaluate this phenomenon, a comprehensive test program was conducted; it demonstrated that the distress is the result of the temperature patterns in the combustor caused by the high rates of water. The test also indicated that there is no significant change in dynamic response levels in the combustor. This paper presents the test results, and the design features selected to substantially improve combustor wall temperature when operating on gas fuels, with the high rates of water injection required to meet California applications. Mechanical design features that improve combustor resistance to water injection-induced thermal gradients also are presented.

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