Integrated Part Classification for Product Cost and Complexity Reduction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu K. Nagiligari ◽  
Jimish Shah ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Sathishkumar Thirugnanam ◽  
Anurag Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Modeling Strategy

The manufacturing industry is moving towards a truly global arena. Organizations are adopting the philosophy of “design anywhere, manufacture anywhere, and sell anywhere”. Global operations with local focus have become the core of an organization’s strategy. Organizations are trying to have a vast product portfolio with mass customization to meet the customers’ increasing demand for personalized products. While expanding the product portfolio and bringing new products to the market the aspect of product sustenance across its life cycle is often missed out. With regulatory standards becoming more stringent, product maintenance and retirement are becoming challenging and costly. The aspect of “circular economy” is extending the life of the product and individual parts beyond the traditional end of life with re-fabrication, reconditioning and recycling of parts. The part-level detailing is becoming very important at the design stage. This provides huge growth opportunities for organizations, but comes with challenges of increased complexity, variety and cost. One of the potential ways to address the challenges listed above is the availability and maintenance of part-level information and dynamic traceability across the lifecycle, enriched with cross functional inputs. This is important for business decision making during product portfolio planning and product design in both proactive and reactive scenarios. Based on the authors’ industry experience across multiple product development organizations, it is evident that there is limited awareness of the potential of classification and its impact beyond basic part search and reuse. In this paper, we discuss the need for an integrated, cross-functional model and a common database for part information management. We present an agent-based simulation to show the benefits of such an integrated modeling strategy. In the process, the approach has the potential to also bring configurability of the product till the end of life. Configurability is from the aspect of making a product that will perform to meet customer needs along with delivering profit for business and being compliant with various regulatory norms.

scholarly journals A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT COMPANIES IN THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DE-MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Federica Cappelletti ◽  
Marta Rossi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Mohammad Shadman Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complex Activities

AbstractDe-manufacturing and re-manufacturing are fundamental technical solutions to efficiently recover value from post-use products. Disassembly in one of the most complex activities in de-manufacturing because i) the more manual it is the higher is its cost, ii) disassembly times are variable due to uncertainty of conditions of products reaching their EoL, and iii) because it is necessary to know which components to disassemble to balance the cost of disassembly. The paper proposes a methodology that finds ways of applications: it can be applied at the design stage to detect space for product design improvements, and it also represents a baseline from organizations approaching de-manufacturing for the first time. The methodology consists of four main steps, in which firstly targets components are identified, according to their environmental impact; secondly their disassembly sequence is qualitatively evaluated, and successively it is quantitatively determined via disassembly times, predicting also the status of the component at their End of Life. The aim of the methodology is reached at the fourth phase when alternative, eco-friendlier End of Life strategies are proposed, verified, and chosen.

scholarly journals Metrics for Measuring Sustainable Product Design Concepts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3469
Author(s):  
Ji Han ◽  
Pingfei Jiang ◽  
Peter R. N. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sustainable Product Design ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Sustainable Product

Although products can contribute to ecosystems positively, they can cause negative environmental impacts throughout their life cycles, from obtaining raw material, production, and use, to end of life. It is reported that most negative environmental impacts are decided at early design phases, which suggests that the determination of product sustainability should be considered as early as possible, such as during the conceptual design stage, when it is still possible to modify the design concept. However, most of the existing concept evaluation methods or tools are focused on assessing the feasibility or creativity of the concepts generated, lacking the measurements of sustainability of concepts. The paper explores key factors related to sustainable design with regard to environmental impacts, and describes a set of objective measures of sustainable product design concept evaluation, namely, material, production, use, and end of life. The rationales of the four metrics are discussed, with corresponding measurements. A case study is conducted to demonstrate the use and effectiveness of the metrics for evaluating product design concepts. The paper is the first study to explore the measurement of product design sustainability focusing on the conceptual design stage. It can be used as a guideline to measure the level of sustainability of product design concepts to support designers in developing sustainable products. Most significantly, it urges the considerations of sustainability design aspects at early design phases, and also provides a new research direction in concept evaluation regarding sustainability.

A Performance Modeling Language for Automotive Embedded Control Systems Based on UML

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Yin ◽  
Jing Xing Tan ◽  
Xiu Ting Wu ◽  
Zhi Jun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Embedded Control ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
A Performance

To improve the timing related performance of the embedded software of automotive control system, a performance modeling language has been developed based on UML (Unified Modeling Language) using meta-modeling technique. The proposed language consists of three kinds of meta-models used to define the high-level modeling paradigms for software structure, target platform and runtime system respectively. The modeling environment configured by the proposed language and software modules of functional model importation, components allocation, task forming and timing analysis can reuse the existing functional models, add timing requirement as well as resource constraints, and fulfill formal timing analysis at an early design stage. As results, the reliability of the automotive embedded control software can be improved and the development cycle and cost can also be reduced.

Pre-Life and End-of-Life Combined Profit Optimization With Predictive Product Lifecycle Design

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmok Ma ◽  
Minjung Kwak ◽  
Harrison M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Mining Technique ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Trend Mining ◽  
A Company ◽  
Lifecycle Design

The Predictive Product Lifecycle Design (PPLD) model that is proposed in this paper enables a company to optimize its product lifecycle design strategy by considering pre-life and end-of-life at the initial design stage. By combining lifecycle design and predictive trend mining technique, the PPLD model can reflect both new and remanufactured product market demands, capture hidden and upcoming trends, and finally provide an optimal lifecycle design strategy in order to maximize profit over the span of the whole lifecycle. The outcomes are lifecycle design strategies such as product design features, the need for buy-backs at the end of its life, and the quantity of products remanufacturing. The developed model is illustrated with an example of a cell phone lifecycle design. The result clearly shows the benefit of the model when compared to a traditional Pre-life design model. The benefit would be increased profitability, while saving more natural resources and reducing wastes for manufacturers own purposes.

scholarly journals Determinants of pricing objectives and price flexibility policies of pork-based agro-businesses in Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Ngarava ◽  
Abbyssinia Mushunje
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Price Flexibility

Background: The article focuses on the pricing strategies that are used in a dynamic institutional environment of land reform and indigenisation policies. Zimbabwe underwent a land reform incorporating new players in the pork agribusinesses, as well as indigenisation, altering agro-business decision-making structures. One such decision is effective pricing. Aim: The objective of the study was to highlight the determinants of utilising a particular pricing objective and price flexibility policy in the Zimbabwean pork industry. Setting: The study examined the pricing objectives and price flexibility policies of pig producers, pork abattoirs and butcheries in Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative survey of pig producers, pork abattoirs and pork butcheries. A structured precoded questionnaire-based interview of 166 pig producers, 6 pork abattoirs and 24 butchers was used as the data collection tool and method. A logit model was used for analysis, ascertaining determinants of a binary choice model. Results: The study found that agribusinesses’ pricing objectives were determined by the product portfolio, margin, merchandise handled, distance the furthest buyer travels and consideration of other industry players’ pricing at the p < 0.01 level. Furthermore, factors such as seasonality in April to September sales, quality considerations (p < 0.05), frequency of retailers and size considerations (p < 0.1) were also significant determinants of pricing objectives. Also, the agribusinesses’ price flexibility policies were shown to be determined by agribusiness location, average weight of merchandise, frequency of individual customers, size consideration and consideration of other industry players’ pricing at the p < 0.01 level. In addition, margin, frequency of abattoir buyers (p < 0.05) as well as pork product portfolio (p < 0.1) were also observed to be major factors towards a flexible pricing policy. Conclusion: The results suggest that pork industry players in Zimbabwe are myopic in their pricing strategies, having factors such as product portfolio, margin, merchandise handled and considerations of other industry players’ strategies as dualistically determining pricing objective and price flexibility policy utilised. The study recommends that pork industry players shift from myopic pricing objectives of profit and survival and devise new pricing strategies based on sales and competitive pricing. There is also need for less rigidity in flexible price policies to take advantage of the dynamic external environment.

The Quality Mode Control of New Air Conditioning Product-Service Systemdevelopment and its Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 246-247 ◽  
pp. 924-928
Author(s):  
Hai Tian ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Rui Miao ◽  
Shen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
System Development ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Internal Relationship ◽  
Product Service Systems

Based on the methodology and tools of quality control mode, this paper mainly focuses on six stage divisions of a new air conditioning product-service system development, such as concept stage, plan stage and design stage etc. It introduces with an example the application of quality control methods of each stage of this mode, and points out that the quality control methods have internal relationship and they should be organic combined to use to form a system.It not only shows that quality control mode is very effective concept and methodology in manufacturing industry, but also can be learned lesson from for more and more product-service systems to improve the quality control and product quality.

The History and Prospect of ERP Application of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Ji Jiang ◽  
Jia Bing He ◽  
Zhi Gang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Erp Software ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry ◽  
High Level

Since the end of the 1970s and early 1980s, with the introduction of foreign MRPII/ERP software and the advanced business management thought Chinese manufacturing industry began the road to high-level information. After 30 years of development, Chinese manufacturing industry has experienced 20 years start-up and early stage, main features of this period were long-period implementation, expensive spending and poor flexibility, coupled with the low management level and out-dated IT technology. The probability of successful implementation of enterprise ERP is very low. Since then the stage was more than 5 years of growth, and the characteristics of this period were the domestic ERP software. With simple application, short cycle implementation and low cost, many small and medium-sized enterprises had carried on successful application. Since 2005, our country enterprise ERP application entered maturity, the main features of this period are wider range and improving success rate of ERP application. The article also pointed out the deficiencies of ERP applications in different periods, and its development prospects are ERPII

Flow State Logic (FSL) for Analysis of Failure Propagation in Early Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jensen ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer ◽  
Tolga Kurtoglu
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Potential Flows ◽  
Functional Representation ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
System States

For safety critical complex systems, reliability and risk analysis are important design steps. Implementing these analyses early in the design stage can reduce costs associated with redesign and provide important information on design viability. In the past several years, various research methods have been presented in the design community to move reliability analysis into the early conceptual design stages. These methods all use a functional representation as the basis for reliability analysis. This paper asserts that, in non-nominal system states, the functional representation limits the scope of failure analysis. Specifically, when failures are modeled to propagate along energy, material, and signal (EMS) flows, a nominal-state functional model is insufficient for modeling all types of failures. To capture possible failure propagation paths, a function-based reliability method must consider all potential flows, and not be limited to the function structure of the nominal state. In this light, this paper introduces the Flow State Logic (FSL) method as a means for reasoning on the state of EMS flows that allows the assessment of failure propagation over potential flows that were not considered in a functional representation of a “nominally functioning” design. A liquid fueled rocket engine serves as a case study to illustrate the benefits of the methodology.

An Axiomatic Approach to Design for Sustainable End-of-Life: A Review of Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Guang Beng ◽  
Badrul Omar
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Sustainable Product Development ◽  
The One

This paper aims to provide an insight to later researchers on the application of axiomatic design in the area of design for end-of-life (EOL) management. Among all life cycle stages of a product, design and development stage is the one that influences the later stages the most in terms of environmental impacts. In order to achieve sustainable product development, one of the considerations to be taken during the design stage is EOL management. EOL management process can be enhanced by utilizing a robust design method as well as an effective method for evaluating product design. Recent researches show that application of axiomatic design in the field of eco-design (especially design for EOL management) is still in a premature stage despite having a vast application area that covers the aspect of product design, manufacturing and supply chain management. Nonetheless, a case study published recently on eco-design using axiomatic approach has shown adequate feasibility and effectiveness. Therefore, design for sustainable EOL using axiomatic approach is worth further exploration.

An Association Rule Approach for Identifying Physical System-User Interactions and Potential Human Errors Using a Design Repository

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Soria Zurita ◽  
Melissa Anne Tensa ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrero ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Bryony DuPont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Rule Approach

Abstract During the design process, designers must satisfy customer needs while adequately developing engineering objectives. Among these engineering objectives, human considerations such as user interactions, safety, and comfort are indispensable during the design process. Nevertheless, traditional design engineering methodologies have significant limitations incorporating and understanding physical user interactions during early design phases. For example, Human Factors methods use checklists and guidelines applied to virtual or physical prototypes at later design stages to evaluate the concept. As a result, designers struggle to identify design deficiencies and potential failure modes caused by user-system interactions without relying on the use of detailed and costly prototypes. The Function-Human Error Design Method (FHEDM) is a novel approach to assess physical interactions during the early design stage using a functional basis approach. By applying FHEDM, designers can identify user interactions required to complete the functions of the system and to distinguish failure modes associated with such interactions, by establishing user-system associations using the information of the functional model. In this paper, we explore the use of data mining techniques to develop relationships between component, functions, flows and user interactions. We extract design information about components, functions, flows, and user interactions from a set of distinct coffee makers found in the Design Repository to build associations rules. Later, using a functional model of an electric kettle, we compared the functions, flows, and user interactions associations generated from data mining against the associations created by the authors, using the FHEDM. The results show notable similarities between the associations built from data mining and the FHEDM. We are suggesting that design information from a rich dataset can be used to extract association rules between functions, flows, components, and user interactions. This work will contribute to the design community by automating the identification of user interactions from a functional model.

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