Reverse Engineering and Optimization of a Steering Mechanism Component in a Competition Ground Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheo López-Pachón ◽  
Diego Gonzalez-Cárdenas ◽  
Andres Gonzalez-Mancera
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Failure Diagnosis ◽  
Topological Optimization ◽  
System Component ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Faulty Component ◽  
Mechanism Component

Abstract In this paper, reverse engineering of a steering system component in a competition vehicle was successfully carried out. A CAD model was generated by means of NURBS curves from 3D scanning. Additionally, two manufacturing methods were compared to obtain the component namely, CNC and Casting. Simultaneously, a topological optimization was carried out from the failure diagnosis of the part; hence, to determine the failure, different loads were simulated in a transient and elastoplastic FEM simulation using an isotropic bilinear hardening model, in order to detect the displacement of a faulty component. The methodology implemented in the study showed satisfactory results for the different stages of the process.

PROJECT ON ELECTRONIC STEERING SYSYTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Shivam Dwivedi ◽  
Prof. Vikas Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Steering System ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Electronic Steering ◽  
And Control

As the four-wheel steering (4WS) system has great potentials, many researchers' attention was attracted to this technique and active research was made. As a result, passenger cars equipped with 4WS systems were put on the market a few years ago. This report tries to identify the essential elements of the 4WS technology in terms of vehicle dynamics and control techniques. Based on the findings of this investigation, the report gives a mechanism of electronically controlling the steering system depending on the variable pressure applied on it. This enhances the controlling and smoothens the operation of steering mechanism.

A critical review on automation of steering mechanism of load haul dump machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-182
Author(s):  
Sreeharsha Rowduru ◽  
Niranjan Kumar ◽  
Ajit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Automatic Steering ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Future Work

This article presents a brief note on the evolution of steering mechanisms and more emphasized on articulated steering system of the load haul dump machine. In this respect, pictorial representation of the evolution of steering mechanisms for on-road and articulated steering mechanisms of the load haul dump machine is made from the available literature. Critical review on basic elements required for the complete automation of the load haul dump vehicle steering system is presented. Different types of controllers for path tracking error minimization of the scale-modeled or simulated model of the load haul dump steering system are tabulated. Few case studies stimulating the complete automation of the load haul dump steering system employed on the field are also discussed. Challenges and some research gaps in making fully automated steering system of the load haul dump machine are identified in this review article. At the end, based on the critical review, some novel methods for making the fully automated steering system of the load haul dump machine is provided, which is the potential future work for the design and development of feasible automatic steering system.

Optimum Design of Multi-Axle Trailer’s Steering Mechanism Based on ADAMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Simulation Optimization ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Adams Software

Take the German Scheuerler’s four-axle trailer steering mechanism for the study, establish the simulation model of the steering system. After this, the simulation optimization and analysis to model was done with ADAMS software. The results of the analysis show that the objective function’s value of the optimal vehicle steering mechanism model is superior to the objective function’s value of the initial model.

Comparative Study on Optimization Design Methods of Steering Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 2191-2195
Author(s):  
Jing Gao Lin ◽  
Jue Yang ◽  
Wen Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Optimal Design Method ◽  
Mining Dump Truck

In the paper, analysis and comparison is made for different optimization design methods of the separation steering trapezoidal mechanism based on the steering system of 170 tons mining dump truck. The optimal design method is obtained, and research shows that the steering mechanism analysis method introduced in many automotive design textbooks has errors and should be improved.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Optimization of Steering Mechanism for Rotary Steering System Using Modified NSGA-II and Fuzzy Set Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Li ◽  
Wentie Niu ◽  
Shengli Fu ◽  
Dawei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Steering Mechanism

Due to the complicated design process of gear train, optimization is a significant approach to improve design efficiency. However, the design of gear train is a complex multiobjective optimization with mixed continuous-discrete variables under numerous nonlinear constraints, and conventional optimization algorithms are not suitable to deal with such optimization problems. In this paper, based on the established dynamic model of steering mechanism for rotary steering system, the key component of which is a planetary gear set with teeth number difference, the optimization problem of steering mechanism is formulated to achieve minimum dynamic responses and outer diameter by optimizing structural parameters under geometric, kinematic, and strength constraints. An optimization procedure based on modified NSGA-II by incorporating dynamic crowding distance strategies and fuzzy set theory is applied to the multiobjective optimization. For comparative purpose, NSGA-II is also employed to obtain Pareto optimal set, and dynamic responses of original and optimized designs are compared. The results show the optimized design has better dynamic responses with minimum outer diameter and the response decay decreases faster. The optimization procedure is feasible to the design of gear train, and this study can provide guidance for designer at the preliminary design phase of mechanical structures with gear train.

Robust Integrated Design for Vehicle Chassis Based on Uncertainties

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jie Xuan Lou ◽  
En Guo Dong
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Design ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Turning Angle ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Steering Torque ◽  
Vehicle Chassis ◽  
Noise Factors

In order to improve overall vehicle performance and decrease movement deviation caused by uncertainties from automobile chassis, a robust vehicle chassis model is built with steering system, suspension system and braking system. In the model, the length of the steering trapezoid arm, the bottom angle of trapezoid mechanism, inclination angle, caster, camber and toe-in are defined as controllable variables, and load, driving force, steering torque are defined as noise factors. The optimum objectives include the maximum turning angle error of steering mechanism, the maximum braking sideslip and the maximum swing angle of front wheel on bumpy road. Taguchi method is applied to solve the robust result for automobile chassis model. Compared that the variances of objective values are decreased with the same noise factors and the robustness of sub-systems of chassis is improved.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Steering Gear Mechanism with Movable Headlights Using Embedded Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Kemparaju C.R. ◽  
Mohammed Nabeel Ahmed ◽  
B Meghanath ◽  
Mayur Laxman Kesarkar ◽  
Manoj DR
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
The Road ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Individual

The main aim of any design must not solely be targeted on customer satisfaction however conjointly customer safety following this the amount of accidents are witness solely because of poor lighting facilities provided in automobiles on curved road static headlights are insufficient since they point tangential it along any point of curve instead of pointing in the vehicles direction so to avoid this problem steering controlled headlamp system has been projected which might hopefully flip out to be a boon to the individual driving through the sinusoidal roads throughout night times. Special safety features are built into cars for years some for the security of car’s occupants only, and some for the security of others. One among the alternatives available in design and fabrication of steering controlled headlight system. car safety is important to avoid automobile accidents or to minimise the harmful effect of accidents, especially as concerning human life and health. automobiles are controlled by incorporating steering controlled headlight mechanism. The Ackerman steering mechanism helps the motive force to guide the moving vehicles calls on the road by turning it right or left consistent with his needs thus a combination of the steering system and embedded system link kills the headlights within the direction as per the rotation of the steering wheel. this mechanism has been incorporated in BMW, Audi Q-7 and Benz etc., to make sure a safer drive, but our main aim is to implement the system in all vehicles at lower cost.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Synchronization Control Strategy of Active Rear Axle Independent Steering System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3537
Author(s):  
Bin Deng ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Ke Shao ◽  
Weihan Li ◽  
Andong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Synchronization Control ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Disturbance Rejection Control ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Uncertain Disturbances

The synchronization error of the left and right steering-wheel-angles and the disturbances rejection of the synchronization controller are of great significance for the active rear axle independent steering (ARIS) system under complex driving conditions and uncertain disturbances. In order to reduce synchronization error, a novel hierarchical synchronization control strategy based on virtual synchronization control and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) is proposed. The upper controller adopts the virtual synchronization controller based on the dynamic model of the virtual rear axle steering mechanism to reduce the synchronization error between the rear wheel steering angles of the ARIS system; the lower controller is designed based on an LADRC algorithm to realize an accurate tracking control of the steering angle for each wheels. Experiments based on a prototype vehicle are conducted to prove that the proposed hierarchical synchronization control strategy for the ARIS system can improve the control accuracy significantly and has the properties of better disturbances rejection and stronger robustness.

scholarly journals Depth Optimization Analysis of Articulated Steering Hinge Position Based on Genetic Algorithm

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-wei Cao ◽  
Xin-hui Liu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Ai-min Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Pressure Function ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Hinge Position ◽  
Hinge Points ◽  
Force Difference

Articulated steering is affected by the position of the articulated points of the steering cylinder. When the two steering cylinders turn, there is a stroke difference and arm of force difference. The existence of the above differences causes the pressure fluctuation of the steering system. Firstly, the mathematical model of the steering mechanism is established through theoretical analysis. Then, the coordinates of the hinge points of the steering cylinder are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) with the stroke difference function and cylinder pressure function as the objective functions. The curves of the stroke difference and the arm of force difference of the steering cylinder are obtained by mathematical modeling, and the correctness of the GA is verified. According to the optimization results, the wheel loader prototype was reconstructed, and the reconstruction verified by corresponding sensors. The experimental curves show that the steering system has no obvious pressure fluctuation. Finally, the arm of force difference and stroke difference curves were analyzed, and it was concluded that the arm of force difference was the main cause of pressure fluctuation. The objective function was improved, and the arm of force function and cylinder pressure function were taken as the objective functions to continue the optimization by GA. The arm of force difference and stroke difference after optimization were reduced, which provides a constructive reference for the design of articulated steering systems in the future.

Solution of steering angle based on homogeneous transformation

2022 ◽  
pp. 095440702110724
Author(s):  
Farong Kou ◽  
Xinqian Zhang ◽  
Jiannan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Steering System ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Wheel Alignment ◽  
Geometric Relation ◽  
Function Expression ◽  
Multi Body

Steering Angle is related to the design and optimization of steering mechanism and suspension, but it is not equal to the angle of knuckle around kingpin because of the existence of wheel alignment parameters. To calculate the steering angle, this paper derives based on homogeneous transformation its function expression by analyzing spatial geometric relation between the two angles and calculating coordinates related to steering trajectory of wheel center. Then, multi-body model of McPherson suspension with steering system is built and the calculation correctness is verified by comparing the function curve plotted by MATLAB software with the curve simulated by Adams/Car software. The calculation and simulation indicate that between the two angles, there is a ratio which is related to wheel alignment parameters and greater than 1.

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