Designing a 3D Printed Bone Simulant for Wire Navigation Training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Williams ◽  
Steven Long ◽  
Marcus Tatum ◽  
Donald D. Anderson ◽  
Geb Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cast Parts

Abstract Medical simulation has risen in popularity as a method of improving surgical outcomes for less experienced practitioners. In orthopedic surgery, haptic feedback is an essential element of simulation. In the case of Kirschner wire navigation, for example, a steel pin is drilled through cortical bone and into cancellous bone. Currently, many orthopedic simulations use Sawbones polyurethane foam surrogates as a bone simulant (Sawbones, Vashon Island, WA). When designing a simulator, however, creating or modifying an existing mold for cast parts is costly, which can be a critical limitation. A relatively low-cost alternative is 3D printing prototype bone surrogates. In this experiment, three rapid-prototyped bone samples were printed from light-weight polylactic acid, each with different material densities based on their printing temperature. In a blind test, orthopedic surgeons were asked to drill a Kirschner wire into four bone simulants: three made from polylactic acid, each prepared with different printing temperatures, and a Sawbones control. The surgeons rated their experience with the surface engagement, drill feel, and ability to redirect their wire. The survey found that the densest sample, printed at the lowest temperature, received the highest surgeon rating, with an average score of 13.5/15 ± 2.60; the Sawbones control received the worst rating: 6.5/15 ± 2.96.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Properties of Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanostructures on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Maria Sevastaki ◽  
Vassilis M. Papadakis ◽  
Cosmin Romanitan ◽  
Mirela Petruta Suchea ◽  
George Kenanakis
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
3D Printed

The present paper reports a novel approach for fabrication of eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles onto three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds/structures. Several alcohol-based traditional Greek liquors were used to achieve the corrosion of metallic zinc collected from a typical galvanic anode to obtain photocatalytic active nanostructured ZnO, varying from water, to Greek “ouzo” and “raki”, and pure ethanol, in combination with “Baker’s ammonia” (ammonium bicarbonate), sold worldwide in every food store. The photocatalytic active ZnO nanostructures onto three-dimensional (3D)-printed PLA scaffolds were used to achieve the degradation of 50 ppm paracetamol in water, under UV irradiation. This study provides evidence that following the proposed low-cost, eco-friendly routes for the fabrication of large-scale photocatalysts, an almost 95% degradation of 50 ppm paracetamol in water can be achieved, making the obtained 3D ZnO/PLA structures excellent candidates for real life environmental applications. This is the first literature research report on a successful attempt of using this approach for the engineering of low-cost photocatalytic active elements for pharmaceutical contaminants in waters.

scholarly journals 3D printed PLA Army-Navy retractors when used as linear retractors yield clinically acceptable tolerances

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua V. Chen ◽  
Alexis B. C. Dang ◽  
Carlin S. Lee ◽  
Alan B. C. Dang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Strength Material ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract Background Modern low-cost 3D printing technologies offer the promise of access to surgical tools in resource scarce areas, however optimal designs for manufacturing have not yet been established. We explore how the optimization of 3D printing parameters when manufacturing polylactic acid filament based Army-Navy retractors vastly increases the strength of retractors, and investigate sources of variability in retractor strength, material cost, printing time, and parameter limitations. Methods Standard retractors were printed from various polylactic acid filament spools intra-manufacturer and inter-manufacturer to measure variability in retractor strength. Printing parameters were systematically varied to determine optimum printing parameters. These parameters include retractor width, thickness, infill percentage, infill geometry, perimeter number, and a reinforced joint design. Estimated retractor mass from computer models allows us to estimate material cost. Results We found statistically significant differences in retractor strength between spools of the same manufacturer and between manufacturers. We determined the true strength optimized retractor to have 30% infill, 3 perimeters, 0.25 in. thickness, 0.75 in. width, and has “Triangle” infill geometry and reinforced joints, failing at more than 15X the threshold for clinically excessive retraction and costs $1.25 USD. Conclusions The optimization of 3D printed Army-Navy retractors greatly improve the efficacy of this instrument and expedite the adoption of 3D printing technology in many diverse fields in medicine not necessarily limited to resource poor settings.

scholarly journals 3D printed rodent skin-skull-brain model: A novel animal-free approach for neurosurgical training

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253477
Author(s):  
Marie Bainier ◽  
Arel Su ◽  
Roger L. Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Stereotactic Techniques ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Stereotaxic Surgery ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Brain Models

In neuroscience, stereotactic brain surgery is a standard yet challenging technique for which laboratory and veterinary personnel must be sufficiently and properly trained. There is currently no animal-free training option for neurosurgeries; stereotactic techniques are learned and practiced on dead animals. Here we have used three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to create rat and mouse skin-skull-brain models, specifically conceived for rodent stereotaxic surgery training. We used 3D models obtained from microCT pictures and printed them using materials that would provide the most accurate haptic feedback for each model—PC-ABS material for the rat and Durable resin for the mouse. We filled the skulls with Polyurethane expanding foam to mimic the brain. In order to simulate rodent skin, we added a rectangular 1mm thick clear silicone sheet on the skull. Ten qualified rodent neurosurgeons then performed a variety of stereotaxic surgeries on these rat and mouse 3D printed models. Participants evaluated models fidelity compared to cadaveric skulls and their appropriateness for educational use. The 3D printed rat and mouse skin-skull-brain models received an overwhelmingly positive response. They were perceived as very realistic, and considered an excellent alternative to cadaveric skulls for training purposes. They can be made rapidly and at low cost. Our real-size 3D printed replicas could enable cost- and time-efficient, animal-free neurosurgery training. They can be absolute replacements for stereotaxic surgery techniques practice including but not limited to craniotomies, screw placement, brain injections, implantations and cement applications. This project is a significant step forward in implementing the replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) principles to animal experimentation. These 3D printed models could lead the way to the complete replacement of live animals for stereotaxic surgery training in laboratories and veterinary studies.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Polyester-Tipped Three-Dimensionally Printed Nasopharyngeal Swab for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alghounaim ◽  
Sulaiman Almazeedi ◽  
Sarah Al Youha ◽  
Jesse Papenburg ◽  
Osama Alowaish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
3D Printed

ABSTRACT Case identification, isolation, and contact tracing are fundamental strategies used to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This has led to widespread testing that interrupted the supply chain for testing materials around the world. A prospective study was conducted to compare inexpensive and easily sourced 3-dimensionally (3D)-printed polylactic acid and polyester nasopharyngeal swabs to commercially manufactured swabs for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). During the study period, 287 laboratory-confirmed hospitalized COVID-19 patients, at multiple stages of their illness, were enrolled. The median age for the study population was 47.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 34.4 to 56.6 years), and two-thirds (67.6%) of the subjects were male. The median duration of hospitalization, at the time of sampling, was 13 days (IQR, 10 to 16 days). Overall concordance between the prototype and control swabs was 80.8% (Cohen’s kappa coefficient, 0.61). Most discrepant results were due to prototype-positive control-negative results. When considering all positive results to be true positives, the prototype swab had a higher sensitivity (90.6% versus 80.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 85.7% to 94.0% and 74.7% to 85.7%, respectively; P < 0.015). The cost to produce the prototype swab was estimated to be $0.05 per swab. Polylactic acid 3D-printed polyester-tipped swabs were shown to be effective for nasopharyngeal sample collection. We believe that this design can easily be adopted in countries where commercial swabs are not readily available and can play a vital role in public health efforts for disease control in low-income countries.

scholarly journals Towards Ultra Low-Cost Myoactivated Prostheses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neethu Sreenivasan ◽  
Diego Felipe Ulloa Gutierrez ◽  
Paolo Bifulco ◽  
Mario Cesarelli ◽  
Upul Gunawardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
3D Printed

In developing countries, due to the high cost involved, amputees have limited access to prosthetic limbs. This constitutes a barrier for this people to live a normal life. To break this barrier, we are developing ultra-low-cost closed-loop myoactivated prostheses that are easy to maintain manufacture and that do not require electrodes in contact with the skin to work effectively. In this paper, we present the implementation for a simple but functional hand prosthesis. Our simple design consists of a low-cost embedded microcontroller (Arduino), a wearable stretch sensor (adapted from electroresistive bands normally used for “insulation of gaskets” against EM fields), to detect residual muscle contraction as direct muscle volumetric shifts and a handful of common, not critical electronic components. The physical prosthesis is a 3D printed claw-style two-fingered hand (PLA plastic) directly geared to an inexpensive servomotor. To make our design easier to maintain, the gears and mechanical parts can be crafted from recovered materials. To implement a closed loop, the amount of closure of prosthesis is fed back to the user via a second stretch sensor directly connected to claw under the form of haptic feedback. Our concept design comprised of all the parts has an overall cost below AUD 30 and can be easily scaled up to more complicated devices suitable for other uses, i.e., multiple individual fingers and wrist rotation.

Pioneering Low-Cost 3D-Printed Transtibial Prosthetics to Serve a Rural Population in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel van der Stelt ◽  
Martin P. Grobusch ◽  
Abdul R. Koroma ◽  
Marco Papenburg ◽  
Ismaila Kebbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Printed

Self-Sterilizing 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Surfaces Coated with a BODIPY Photosensitizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 11597-11608
Author(s):  
Sol R. Martínez ◽  
Yohana B. Palacios ◽  
Daniel A. Heredia ◽  
Virginia Aiassa ◽  
Antonela Bartolilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals UV Inscription and Pressure Induced Long-Period Gratings through 3D Printed Amplitude Masks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Liliana M. Sousa ◽  
Ana M. Rocha ◽  
Rogério Nogueira ◽  
Lúcia Bilro
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Gratings ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
First Time

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the capability to inscribe long-period gratings (LPGs) with UV radiation using simple and low cost amplitude masks fabricated with a consumer grade 3D printer. The spectrum obtained for a grating with 690 µm period and 38 mm length presented good quality, showing sharp resonances (i.e., 3 dB bandwidth < 3 nm), low out-of-band loss (~0.2 dB), and dip losses up to 18 dB. Furthermore, the capability to select the resonance wavelength has been demonstrated using different amplitude mask periods. The customization of the masks makes it possible to fabricate gratings with complex structures. Additionally, the simplicity in 3D printing an amplitude mask solves the problem of the lack of amplitude masks on the market and avoids the use of high resolution motorized stages, as is the case of the point-by-point technique. Finally, the 3D printed masks were also used to induce LPGs using the mechanical pressing method. Due to the better resolution of these masks compared to ones described on the state of the art, we were able to induce gratings with higher quality, such as low out-of-band loss (0.6 dB), reduced spectral ripples, and narrow bandwidths (~3 nm).

A gaming system with haptic feedback to improve upper extremity function: A prospective case series

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hamilton Hernandez ◽  
Isabelle Poitras ◽  
Linda Fay ◽  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ◽  
Prospective Case Series ◽  
Paediatric Rehabilitation ◽  
Therapeutic Settings

BACKGROUND: Video games can be used to motivate repetitive movements in paediatric rehabilitation. Most upper limb videogaming therapies do not however include haptic feedback which can limit their impact. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of interactive computer play with haptic feedback for improving arm function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Eleven children with hemiplegic CP attended 12 therapist-guided sessions in which they used a gaming station composed of the Novint Falcon, custom-built handles, physical supports for the child’s arm, games, and an application to manage and calibrate therapeutic settings. Outcome measures included Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The study protocol is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04298411). RESULTS: Participants completed a mean of 3858 wrist extensions and 6665 elbow/shoulder movements during the therapist-guided sessions. Clinically important improvements were observed on the dissociated and grasp dimensions on the QUEST and the performance and satisfaction scales of the COPM (all p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that computer play with haptic feedback could be a useful and playful option to help improve the hand/arm capacities of children with CP and warrants further study. The opportunities and challenges of using low-cost, mainstream gaming software and hardware for therapeutic applications are discussed.

scholarly journals BoSL FAL Pump: a small, low-cost, easily constructed, 3D-printed peristaltic pump for sampling of waters

HardwareX ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e00214
Author(s):  
David T. McCarthy ◽  
Baiqian Shi ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Stephen Catsamas
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Peristaltic Pump ◽  
3D Printed
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