Preliminary Development of a Composite Pipe Tee-Joint Using Heat Coupling Technology

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Seng Pang ◽  
Liangfeng Sun ◽  
Arthur M. Sterling ◽  
Randy A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Thermal Cure ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Cure Cycle ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Preliminary Study

Preliminary study of a composite pipe Tee-joint using heat coupling technology was conducted in this paper. The cutting process of the pipes for the Tee-joint was developed. Because the cutting edges of the pipes were coarse, it is necessary to smooth them. Both epoxy resin and prepreg were applied to the joined areas of the pipes. Shrink tape was also applied to the outside of the prepreg to add pressure and compression force. An optimized cure cycle for the epoxy prepreg used as the bonding materials was determined from the thermal cure analysis. The cure process of the joined pipes by epoxy prepreg was conducted in a specially designed oven. The total cure time was about 138 minutes. Several factors, including the thickness and length of the prepreg applied and the adhesive applied to the joints, have been considered in designing Teejoints. The hydrostatic pressure test results showed that the thickness of the wrapped epoxy prepreg had a very important effect on the quality of the joined pipes in terms of pressure.

scholarly journals Uji aktivitas gel ekstrak daun pohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.) terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Via Fitria ◽  
Rafiki Fahrul Arifin ◽  
Nia Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Spreading Test ◽  
Wound Healing Activity ◽  
Non Parametric

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Masyarakat Indonesia mengenal dan memanfaatkan tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai salah satu upaya dalam penanggulangan masalah kesehatan. Salah satu tanaman berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan luka bakar adalah daun pohpohan (<em>Pilea trinervia </em>W.). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas gel ekstrak daun pohpohan (<em>Pilea trinervia W</em>.) terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kelinci. Pembuatan gel dilakukan pada beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak daun pohpohan, yaitu 0,5, 1, dan 2%, Setelah dilakukan pembuatan gel, maka dilakukan evaluasi gel untuk mengetahui kualitas sediaan, meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji aktivitas luka bakar. Uji aktivitas luka bakar dilakukan pada 3 ekor kelinci jantan dengan 5 sisi perlakuan pada tiap kelinci, dan diinduksi dengan logam panas dengan alat uji Rafiky’sTool Pressure Test. Sebagai pembanding digunakan Bioplacenton®. Pemberian gel pada pengobatan luka bakar dilakukan 2 kali sehari. Parameter yang diukur adalah diameter luka bakar selama 10 hari. Data hasil uji aktivitas luka bakar diuji statistik menggunakan uji non parametric Kruskal-Wallis dan uji lanjut Mann Whitney. Hasil evaluasi gel menunjukkan bahwa gel yang mengandung ekstrak daun pohpohan konsentrasi 0,5, 1, dan 2% memenuhi persyaratan homogenitas, pH, daya penyebaran dan daya lekat. Hasil uji aktivitas luka bakar menunjukkan bahwa gel dengan konsentrasi ekstrak pohpohan 0,5, 1, dan 2% mampu menurunkan diameter luka bakar lebih cepat dibandingkan kontrol. Kelompok ekstrak daun pohpohan 2% memiliki aktivitas penyembuhan luka bakar paling cepat dan hampir sama dengan kontrol positif Bioplacenton®. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa gel yang mengandung ekstrak pohpohan mempunyai aktivitas menyembuhkan luka bakar.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong>     Daun pohpohan (<em>Pilea trinervia</em> W.), Gel, Luka bakar</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Wound healing activity of pohpohan </em></strong><strong>(<em>Pilea trinervia </em>W.) </strong><strong><em>extract gel on rabbit</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Indonesian people recognize and utilize nutritious crops as one of the efforts in the prevention of health problems. One of the nutritious plants to heal burns is the leaves of pohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.). This study aims to test the activity of pohpohan leaf extract (Pilea trinervia W.) on the healing of burns in rabbits. Preparation of gel is done on some concentration of pohpohan leaf extract, that is 0,5, 1, and 2%. After gel making, gel evaluation is done to know the quality of preparation, including organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH test, spreading test, sticky, and burn activity test. Burning activity test was performed on 3 male rabbits with 5 treatment sides on each rabbit, and induced with hot metal by Rafiky'sTool Pressure Test. For comparison use Bioplacenton®. Gels on the treatment of burns done 2 times a day. Parameters measured were burn diameter for 10 days. Data on burn activity test results were tested statistically using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and further test of Mann Whitney. The results of gel evaluation showed that the gel containing pohpohan leaves extract concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2% fulfilled the homogeneity, pH, dispersion and stickiness requirements. The result of burn activity test showed that gel with concentration of 0,5, 1, and 2% extract pohpohan able to reduce burn burn diameter faster than control. The 2% pohpohan leaf extract group has the fastest burn healing activity and almost equal to the positive control of Bioplacenton®. It can be concluded that gel containing pohpohan extract has activity to heal burns.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>  P</em><em>ohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.), Gel, Wound healing</em></p>

scholarly journals Uji aktivitas gel ekstrak daun pohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.) terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Via Fitria ◽  
Rafiki Fahrul Arifin ◽  
Nia Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Spreading Test ◽  
Wound Healing Activity ◽  
Non Parametric

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Masyarakat Indonesia mengenal dan memanfaatkan tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai salah satu upaya dalam penanggulangan masalah kesehatan. Salah satu tanaman berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan luka bakar adalah daun pohpohan (<em>Pilea trinervia </em>W.). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas gel ekstrak daun pohpohan (<em>Pilea trinervia W</em>.) terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar pada kelinci. Pembuatan gel dilakukan pada beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak daun pohpohan, yaitu 0,5, 1, dan 2%, Setelah dilakukan pembuatan gel, maka dilakukan evaluasi gel untuk mengetahui kualitas sediaan, meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji aktivitas luka bakar. Uji aktivitas luka bakar dilakukan pada 3 ekor kelinci jantan dengan 5 sisi perlakuan pada tiap kelinci, dan diinduksi dengan logam panas dengan alat uji Rafiky’sTool Pressure Test. Sebagai pembanding digunakan Bioplacenton®. Pemberian gel pada pengobatan luka bakar dilakukan 2 kali sehari. Parameter yang diukur adalah diameter luka bakar selama 10 hari. Data hasil uji aktivitas luka bakar diuji statistik menggunakan uji non parametric Kruskal-Wallis dan uji lanjut Mann Whitney. Hasil evaluasi gel menunjukkan bahwa gel yang mengandung ekstrak daun pohpohan konsentrasi 0,5, 1, dan 2% memenuhi persyaratan homogenitas, pH, daya penyebaran dan daya lekat. Hasil uji aktivitas luka bakar menunjukkan bahwa gel dengan konsentrasi ekstrak pohpohan 0,5, 1, dan 2% mampu menurunkan diameter luka bakar lebih cepat dibandingkan kontrol. Kelompok ekstrak daun pohpohan 2% memiliki aktivitas penyembuhan luka bakar paling cepat dan hampir sama dengan kontrol positif Bioplacenton®. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa gel yang mengandung ekstrak pohpohan mempunyai aktivitas menyembuhkan luka bakar.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong>     Daun pohpohan (<em>Pilea trinervia</em> W.), Gel, Luka bakar</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Wound healing activity of pohpohan </em></strong><strong>(<em>Pilea trinervia </em>W.) </strong><strong><em>extract gel on rabbit</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Indonesian people recognize and utilize nutritious crops as one of the efforts in the prevention of health problems. One of the nutritious plants to heal burns is the leaves of pohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.). This study aims to test the activity of pohpohan leaf extract (Pilea trinervia W.) on the healing of burns in rabbits. Preparation of gel is done on some concentration of pohpohan leaf extract, that is 0,5, 1, and 2%. After gel making, gel evaluation is done to know the quality of preparation, including organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH test, spreading test, sticky, and burn activity test. Burning activity test was performed on 3 male rabbits with 5 treatment sides on each rabbit, and induced with hot metal by Rafiky'sTool Pressure Test. For comparison use Bioplacenton®. Gels on the treatment of burns done 2 times a day. Parameters measured were burn diameter for 10 days. Data on burn activity test results were tested statistically using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and further test of Mann Whitney. The results of gel evaluation showed that the gel containing pohpohan leaves extract concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2% fulfilled the homogeneity, pH, dispersion and stickiness requirements. The result of burn activity test showed that gel with concentration of 0,5, 1, and 2% extract pohpohan able to reduce burn burn diameter faster than control. The 2% pohpohan leaf extract group has the fastest burn healing activity and almost equal to the positive control of Bioplacenton®. It can be concluded that gel containing pohpohan extract has activity to heal burns.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>  P</em><em>ohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.), Gel, Wound healing</em></p>

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MOTION SENSOR EKSPERIMENT DALAM PROBLEM BASED LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Johri Sabaryati ◽  
Linda Sekar Utami ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Product Manufacture ◽  
Expert Validation

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengembangkan media motion sensor eksperimen (MSE) dalam problem based learning (PBL) yang layak digunakan.(2) Mengetahui kualitas motion sensor eksperimen (MSE) dalam problem based learning (PBL). Secara umum peneltian ini melalui 3 tahap utama, yaitu:  (1)studi pendahuluan, (2) pembuatan dan pengembangan produk, (3) dan evaluasi. Tahapan pertama dan kedua telah dilakukan,sedangkan tahap ketiga sudah dilakukan kegiatan validasi ahli. Kemudian juga telah dilakukan uji coba pada siswa kelas X MA NW Narmada. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan,maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:(1) Berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk motion sensor eksperimen (MSE) dalam problem based learning (PBL) yang telah dikembangkan telah layak untuk digunakan.(2) Berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul motion sensor eksperimen (MSE) dalam problem based learning (PBL) yang telah dikembangkan telah layak untuk digunakan. Berdasarkan hasi luji coba diketahui bahwa produk hasil pengembangan dapat menumbuhkan karakter siswa dalam kategori baik. Kata Kunci: motion sensor eksperiment; PBL; karakter siswa ABSTRACTThis study aims to: (1) Develop experimental motion sensor media (MSE) in problem based learning (PBL) that is feasible to use. (2) Determine the quality of experimental motion sensor (MSE) in problem based learning (PBL). In general, this research goes through 3 main stages, namely: (1) preliminary study, (2) product manufacture and development, (3) and evaluation. The first and second stages have been carried out, while the third stage has carried out expert validation activities. Then a trial has also been carried out on class X MA NW Narmada students. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded as follows: (1) Based on the results of expert validation, it can be concluded that the experimental motion sensor (MSE) product in problem based learning (PBL) that has been developed is feasible to use. (2) Based on the results Expert validation can be concluded that the experimental motion sensor module (MSE) in problem based learning (PBL) that has been developed is feasible to use. Based on the test results, it is known that the product developed can grow the character of students in the good category. Keywords: motion sensor experiment; PBL; student character

Optimal cure cycle parameters for minimizing residual stresses in fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Shah ◽  
VA Halls ◽  
JQ Zheng ◽  
RC Batra
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Effective Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Cure Cycle ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Modeling Software

The curing of a fiber-reinforced composite laminate in an autoclave generally induces residual stresses that may make the cured laminate curved. Here, we find optimal cure cycle parameters for asymmetric cross-ply laminates that (i) provide uniform and nearly complete curing of the laminate (i.e., the degree of curve is the same everywhere and equals at least 0.96) within a specified time period and (ii) minimize residual stresses without adversely affecting the transverse effective elastic modulus of the laminate. We simulate the cure process by using functionalities built in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, the cure process modeling software COMPRO and the multi-purpose software MATLAB. After having satisfactorily compared the presently computed results for the curing of two laminates with either experimental or numerical findings available in the literature, we use a genetic algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling method to optimize the cure cycle parameters. It is found that in comparison to the manufacturer’s recommended cure cycle (MRCC), for a cross-ply laminate with the span/thickness equal to 12.5, one optimal cycle reduces residual stresses by 47% and the total cure time from the MRCC time of 5 h to 4 h and another optimal cycle reduces the total cure time to 2 h and residual stresses by 8%. For the same cross-ply laminate with the span to thickness ratio of 125, an optimal cycle reduces the process induced curvature by 13% in comparison to the MRCC but increases the total cure time from 5 to 7.4 h. The approach presented here can be used by manufacturing engineers to obtain cure cycle parameters for fabricating composite laminates of desired quality.

Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rabbai San Arif ◽  
Yuli Fitrisia ◽  
Agus Urip Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.

Sinonasal effects of external dacryocystorhinostomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
H Eyigor ◽  
E A Cetinkaya ◽  
D T Coban ◽  
G Ozturk ◽  
Ö Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Saccharine Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Endoscopic Score ◽  
External Dacryocystorhinostomy

Abstract Objective External dacryocystorhinostomy is thought to cause mucociliary dysfunction by damaging the mucosa, in turn affecting ciliary activity and mucus quality. This study investigated the effect of external dacryocystorhinostomy on sinonasal function. Methods Patients scheduled for unilateral external dacryocystorhinostomy who underwent endoscopic nasal examination and paranasal sinus computed tomography were included in this study. A saccharine test was performed on the planned surgical side and the mucociliary clearance time was determined. The sinonasal quality of life was measured in all patients, pre-operatively and at six months post-operatively, using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22. The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score was also determined in all patients, both pre- and post-operatively. Results The study comprised 28 patients (22 females and 6 males). A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-operative saccharine test results (p = 0.006), but not between the pre- and post-operative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study is one of only a few to investigate the effect of external dacryocystorhinostomy on sinonasal function. The results showed that external dacryocystorhinostomy impairs mucociliary clearance. The surgical procedure is well tolerated and does not significantly change nasal symptom scores.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and development of a bolted GFRP flange joint for oil and gas applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542198951
Author(s):  
Muhsin Aljuboury ◽  
Md Jahir Rizvi ◽  
Stephen Grove ◽  
Richard Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Composite Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Composite Pipes

The goal of this experimental study is to manufacture a bolted GFRP flange connection for composite pipes with high strength and performance. A mould was designed and manufactured, which ensures the quality of the composite materials and controls its surface grade. Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section X, this GFRP flange was fabricated using biaxial glass fibre braid and polyester resin in a vacuum infusion process. In addition, many experiments were carried out using another mould made of glass to solve process-related issues. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to compare the drilling of the GFRP flange using two types of tools; an Erbauer diamond tile drill bit and a Brad & Spur K10 drill. Six GFRP flanges were manufactured to reach the final product with acceptable quality and performance. The flange was adhesively bonded to a composite pipe after chamfering the end of the pipe. Another type of commercially-available composite flange was used to close the other end of the pipe. Finally, blind flanges were used to close both ends, making the pressure vessel that will be tested under the range of the bolt load and internal pressure.

scholarly journals Impact of a Smart-Ring-Based Feedback System on the Quality of Chest Compressions in Adult Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5408
Author(s):  
Chiwon Ahn ◽  
Seungjae Lee ◽  
Jongshill Lee ◽  
Jaehoon Oh ◽  
Yeongtak Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Ideal

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel chest compression (CC) smart-ring-based feedback system in a manikin simulation. In this randomized, crossover, controlled study, we evaluated the effect of smart-ring CC feedback on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The learnability and usability of the tool were evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Participants were divided into two groups and each performed CCs with and without feedback 2 weeks apart, using different orders. The primary outcome was compression depth; the proportion of accurate-depth (5–6 cm) CCs, CC rate, and the proportion of complete CCs (≤1 cm of residual leaning) were assessed additionally. The feedback group and the non-feedback group showed significant differences in compression depth (52.1 (46.3–54.8) vs. 47.1 (40.5–49.9) mm, p = 0.021). The proportion of accurate-depth CCs was significantly higher in the interventional than in the control condition (88.7 (30.0–99.1) vs. 22.6 (0.0–58.5%), p = 0.033). The mean SUS score was 83.9 ± 8.7 points. The acceptability ranges were ‘acceptable’, and the adjective rating was ‘excellent’. CCs with smart-ring feedback could help achieve the ideal range of depth during CPR. The smart-ring may be a valuable source of CPR feedback.

An improved nonlinear model considering relative velocity for the friction behavior between untwisted glass-fiber tow and roller

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110308
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Zhong Xiang ◽  
Xiangqin Zhou ◽  
Zhenyu Wu ◽  
Xudong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Improved Model

Friction between the tow and tool surface normally happens during the tow production, fabric weaving, and application process and has an important influence on the quality of the woven fabric. Based on this fact, this paper studied the influence of tension and relative velocity on the three kinds of untwisted-glass-fiber tow-on-roller friction with a Capstan-based test setup. Furthermore, an improved nonlinear friction model taking both tension and velocity into account was proposed. According to statistical test results, firstly, the friction coefficient was found to be positively correlated with tension and relative velocity. Secondly, tension and velocity were complementary on the tow-on-roller friction behavior, with neither being superior to the other. Thirdly, an improved model was found to present well the nonlinear characteristics between friction coefficient and tension and velocity, and predicational results of the model were found to agree well with the observations from Capstan tests.

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