Oil-Water Separation in a Novel Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) Compact Separator: Experiments and Modeling

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oropeza-Vazquez ◽  
E. Afanador ◽  
L. Gomez ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Water ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Water Dispersion ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Layer Flow

The hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in a Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) compact separator have been studied experimentally and theoretically for evaluation of its performance as a free water knockout device. In the LLCC, no complete oil-water separation occurs. Rather, it performs as a free water knockout, delivering a clean water stream in the underflow and an oil rich stream in the overflow. A total of 260 runs have been conducted for the LLCC for water-dominated flow conditions. Four different flow patterns in the inlet have been identified, namely, Stratified flow, Oil-in-Water Dispersion and Water Layer flow, Double Oil-in-Water Dispersion flow, and Oil-in-Water Dispersion flow. For all runs, an optimal split ratio (underflow to inlet flow rate ratio) exists, where the flow rate in the water stream is maximum with 100% water cut. The value of the optimal split ratio depends upon the existing inlet flow pattern, varying between 60% (for Stratified and Oil-in-Water Dispersion and Water Layer flow patterns) to 20% for the other inlet flow patterns. For split ratios higher than the optimal one, the water cut in the underflow stream decreases as the split ratio increases. A novel mechanistic model has been developed for the prediction of the complex flow behavior and the separation efficiency in the LLCC. The model consists of several sub-models, including inlet analysis, nozzle analysis, droplet size distribution model, and separation model based on droplet trajectories in swirling flow. Comparisons between the experimental data and the LLCC model predictions show excellent agreement. The model is capable of predicting both the trend of the experimental data as well as the absolute measured values. The developed model can be utilized for the design and performance analysis of the LLCC.

Oil-Water Separation in a Novel Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) Compact Separator—Experiments and Modeling

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oropeza-Vazquez ◽  
E. Afanador ◽  
L. Gomez ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Cylindrical Cyclone ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

The hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in a Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) compact separator have been studied experimentally and theoretically for evaluation of its performance as a free water knockout device. In the LLCC, no complete oil-water separation occurs. Rather, it performs as a free-water knockout, delivering a clean water stream in the underflow and an oil rich stream in the overflow. A total of 260 runs have been conducted, measuring the LLCC separation efficiency for water-dominated flow conditions. For all runs, an optimal split-ratio (underflow to inlet flow rate ratio) exists, where the flow rate in the water stream is maximum, with 100% watercut. The value of the optimal split-ratio depends upon the existing inlet flow pattern, and varies between 60% and 20%. For split-ratios higher than the optimal one, the watercut in the underflow stream decreases as the split-ratio increases. A novel mechanistic model has been developed for the prediction of the complex flow behavior and the separation efficiency in the LLCC. Comparisons between the experimental data and the LLCC model predictions show excellent agreement. The model is capable of predicting both the trend of the experimental data as well as the absolute measured values. The developed model can be utilized for the design and performance analysis of the LLCC.

Experimental Study of (Water–Oil) Flow Patterns and Pressure Drop in Vertical and Horizontal Pipes

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabreen A. Abood ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdulwahid ◽  
Mujtaba A. Al-Mudhafar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Vertical Pipe ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Horizontal Pipes ◽  
Interface Scattering ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Inner Diameter

This paper provides the results of experimental stream flow patterns (water–oil) investigated in vertical and horizontal pipes with an elbow. The pipes are made from Perspex; the inner diameter is 0.024[Formula: see text]m, and the lengths of the vertical and horizontal pipes are 6 and 3[Formula: see text]m, respectively. The values of pressure at the four locations where [Formula: see text], 138, 248, and 304 are measured in various cases. The superficial velocities of the water range from 0.1 to 0.4[Formula: see text]m/s and of the oil from 0.1 to 0.9[Formula: see text]m/s. The pressure decreases with an increase in the height and the speed. Droplet/elongated/churn and annular streams are observed in a vertical pipe. The flow patterns are the stratified wavy stream with droplets at the interface, scattering (dispersion) of oil in water with a water layer, and annular flow in the horizontal pipe. These results of flow patterns are determined by a digital camera.

Decanting Tests at Ohmsett with and Without Emulsion Breakers1

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-831
Author(s):  
Ian Buist ◽  
Steve Potter ◽  
Alun Lewis ◽  
Alan Guarino ◽  
Dave Devitis
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Temporary Storage ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimum Water

ABSTRACT This paper summarizes a multi-year research program to address the decanting of water from oil spill fluids recovered by skimmers. The first series of tests, with two weir-type skimmers at Ohmsett, was conducted to study the rate and amount of free water separation that can be expected in temporary storage containers. The goal of this study was to predict the best time to decant water back into the boomed area and optimize the available onsite storage space. The results indicated that “primary break” (the initial separation of the recovered liquids) occurred within a few minutes to one hour, depending on the physical characteristics of the oil. Rapidly decanting this free water layer may offer immediate increases of 200 to 300% in available temporary storage volume. Initial oil concentrations in the decanted water also depended on the physical properties of the oil; they ranged from 100 to 3000 mg/L These declined by a factor of approximately 3 after one hour of settling, and by a factor of approximately 5 after one day. The second series of tests was undertaken to develop a more complete understanding of the use of emulsion breakers injected into an oil spill recovery system at both lab-scale (at SL Ross) and mid-scale (at Ohmsett). The experiments were designed to assess the injection/mixing/settling regimes required for optimum water-removal from a meso-stable water-in-oil emulsion with an oil spill demulsifier. The use of a demulsifier injected into a recovery system, combined with decanting, did substantially reduce the volume of water in temporary storage tanks and the water content of emulsions for disposal/recycling.

Remote turbidity measurement with a laser reflectometer

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Optical Scattering ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Water Colour ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Better Than

A simple, laser-based reflectometer is described for the measurement of water turbidity via 180° optical scattering. Applications exist both in clean source waters (0-1000NTU) with a minimum detectable turbidity better than 1NTU, and in dense wastewater primary-clarifier sludges. The non-contact measurement is performed from a distance at least up to 10m, substantially avoiding the usual window fouling problems of optical instruments. By measuring directly in the process, through a free water surface or on the side of a flowing water stream, the difficulties of transporting sample to the instrument are also avoided. Extensions to be described allow measurement also of water colour.

scholarly journals Novel Surfactant-Free Water Dispersion Technique of TiO2 NPs Using Focused Ultrasound System

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Seon Ae Hwangbo ◽  
Minjeong Kwak ◽  
Jaeseok Kim ◽  
Tae Geol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Dispersion Stability ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Water Dispersion ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Dispersion Technique

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are used in a wide variety of products, such as renewable energy resources, cosmetics, foods, packaging materials, and inks. However, large quantities of surfactants are used to prepare waterborne TiO2 nanoparticles with long-term dispersion stability, and very few studies have investigated the development of pure water dispersion technology without the use of surfactants and synthetic auxiliaries. This study investigated the use of focused ultrasound to prepare surfactant-free waterborne TiO2 nanoparticles to determine the optimal conditions for dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in water. Under 395–400 kHz and 100–105 W conditions, 1 wt% TiO2 colloids were prepared. Even in the absence of a surfactant, in the water dispersion state, the nanoparticles were dispersed with a particle size distribution of ≤100 nm and did not re-agglomerate for up to 30 days, demonstrating their excellent dispersion stability.

Flow patterns of vertical plane thermal buoyant jet in shallow water

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12n13) ◽  
pp. 1840041
Author(s):  
Li-Qing Zhao ◽  
Jian-Hong Sun ◽  
Yang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Boussinesq Approximation ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Impinging Flow

A heated plane water jet impinging vertically onto free water surface has been numerically studied based on large eddy simulation method coupled with the volume of fluid approach. The Boussinesq approximation is adopted to simulate the effect of buoyancy. Results showed that there exist two flow patterns for the plane thermal buoyant jet, which are the stable impinging flow pattern and the flapping impinging flow pattern. Distinct temperature stratification can be found in the stable impinging flow pattern, while it disappears in the flapping impinging flow pattern.

Prediction of Particle Resuspension and Particle Accumulation in Hydraulic Reservoirs Using Three-Phase CFD Simulations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Muttenthaler ◽  
Bernhard Manhartsgruber
Keyword(s):  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Particle Resuspension ◽  
Particle Accumulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Flow

Abstract The reduction of hydraulic oil contamination in gaseous (air), liquid (water) and solid (particles) form is highly relevant for hydraulic systems. It minimizes machine downtime, avoids technical failures, and reduces wear of mechanical components and fluid degradation. Particle and water separation are achieved by hydraulic filters. The separation of air bubbles must be undertaken by the reservoir, furthermore the reservoir can support the separation of (free) water and particles. In this paper, stationary results over a wide range of oil flow rates were determined using Eulerian CFD codes. Thus, codes are extended with Lagrangian particle tracking, to determine the size-dependent particle resuspension rate and particle accumulation areas. The results of the particle model were compared and adjusted to experiments, using mineral oil and aluminum oxide test dust. Particle accumulation areas are identified by local deposition distributions for each particle size. An overall distribution was identified by weighting distributions for each particle diameter.

An Experimental Study of Natural Convection in an Inclined Rectangular Cavity Filled With Water at Its Density Extremum

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Inaba ◽  
T. Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Average Nusselt Number ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Rectangular Cavity ◽  
Density Inversion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Inclination Angles

An experimental investigation pertaining to the effect of the density inversion of water on steady natural convective flow patterns and heat transfer in an inclined rectangular cavity whose two opposing walls are kept at different temperatures is carried out. Water as a testing fluid has its maximum density at about 4 °C. The temperature of one wall is maintained at 0 °C, while that of the opposing hot wall is varied from 2 to 20 °C. Photographs of the flow patterns, temperature distribution in the water layer, and average Nusselt number are presented under various hot wall temperatures and inclination angles of the cavity. The present results could indicate that the density inversion of water has an influential effect on the natural convective heat transfer in the prescribed water layer. Moreover, the average Nusselt number is a peculiar function of the temperature difference between the cold and hot walls and inclination angle, unlike the previous results for common fluids without density inversion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document