Techno-Economic Analysis and Comparative Evaluation of the Use of Gas Turbines and Reciprocating Engines in Small Scale Applications of Industrial Cogeneration

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Arcioni ◽  
Alessandro Corradetti ◽  
Umberto Desideri ◽  
Stefania Proietti ◽  
Paolo Pogliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the results of a research made by University of Perugia in collaboration with Energia Spa (now Sorgenia Spa). Various analysis have been carried out to determine the techno-economic feasibility of industrial CHP plants. Due to the particular field of application, the installation of a gas turbine has been considered and compared to the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE), both being characterized by an electrical power lower than 2 MW. The feasibility study has been made in two different way: an analytical study and a simplified approach elaborated to have a first approach formula for the installation of CHP Plant. The results confirmed that IC is more convenient, giving lower payback period for the investment for this typology of installation. We present also the sensitivity analysis to determine the minimum value over that the installation of gas turbine can become convenient.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Analysis of Repowering a Coal-Fired Power Plant

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Roy-Aikins ◽  
Reshleu J. Rampershad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Power Stations

Owing to an abundance of coal reserves, about 92 percent of the electrical power produced in South Africa is generated in central power stations fired on cheaply priced coal. With a few power stations approaching the end of their design life, the question arises as to what to do with these outdated and inefficient plants. Retrofitting or repowering a station with gas turbines is one option being considered. As a case study, this paper investigates the technical and economic feasibility of repowering the Arnot power station to convert it to a combined cycle plant with increased capacity. This power station has six generating units, each of nominal capacity 350 MW and of average age 25 years. Four are in service, and the others are in reserve storage. Several repowering options were considered and the proposed re-design is parallel repowering, where additional steam for a steam turbine is generated in a gas turbine heat recovery steam generator to supplement the steam generated in a coal-fired boiler. Since natural gas, the preferred fuel for gas turbines, is not readily available in the country, kerosene was used as gas turbine fuel. Consequently, the performance of the chosen gas turbine had to be re-evaluated. The output of each unit increased by 77 MW and the efficiency by 8 percentage points to 43 percent, after repowering. Repowering was feasible, technically. An economic analysis was required to determine the magnitude of the economic benefits of repowering, if any, and it turned out that the cost of electricity generated by the new technology was higher than that produced by the outgoing one. It was concluded, therefore, that repowering the steam turbine units with gas turbines fired on kerosene was uneconomical, for the performance level achieved.

scholarly journals Powering Ahead

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (05) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Military

This article explores the increasing use of natural gas in different turbine industries and in turn creating an efficient electrical system. All indications are that the aviation market will be good for gas turbine production as airlines and the military replace old equipment and expanding economies such as China and India increase their air travel. Gas turbines now account for some 22% of the electricity produced in the United States and 46% of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom. In spite of this market share, electrical power gas turbines have kept a much lower profile than competing technologies, such as coal-fired thermal plants and nuclear power. Gas turbines are also the primary device behind the modern combined power plant, about the most fuel-efficient technology we have. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is developing a new J series gas turbine for the combined cycle power plant market that could achieve thermal efficiencies of 61%. The researchers believe that if wind turbines and gas turbines team up, they can create a cleaner, more efficient electrical power system.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals Clear Skies Ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (06) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Boom And Bust

This article discusses various fields where gas turbines can play a vital role. Building engines for commercial jetliners is the largest market segment for the gas turbine industry; however, it is far from being the only one. One 2015 military gas turbine program of note was the announcement of an U.S. Air Force competition for an innovative design of a small turbine engine, suitable for a medium-size drone aircraft. The electrical power gas turbine market experienced a sharp boom and bust from 2000 to 2002 because of the deregulation of many electric utilities. Since then, however, the electric power gas turbine market has shown a steady increase, right up to present times. Coal-fired plants now supply less than 5 percent of the electrical load, having been largely replaced by new natural gas-fired gas turbine power plants. Working in tandem with renewable energy power facilities, the new fleet of gas turbines is expected to provide reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost.

scholarly journals Breaking the Barriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (05) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Made In

This article explores the new developments in the field of gas turbines and the recent progress that has been made in the industry. The gas turbine industry has had its ups and downs over the past 20 years, but the production of engines for commercial aircraft has become the source for most of its growth of late. Pratt & Whitney’s recent introduction of its new geared turbofan engine is an example of the primacy of engine technology in aviation. Many advances in commercial aviation gas turbine technology are first developed under military contracts, since jet fighters push their engines to the limit. Distributed generation and cogeneration, where the exhaust heat is used directly, are other frontiers for gas turbines. Work in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics has led to continued advances in compressor and turbine component performance and life. In addition, gas turbine combustion is constantly being improved through chemical and fluid mechanics research.

scholarly journals Natural Gas

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (04) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Generator Sets

This article discusses the importance of gas turbines, centrifugal compressors and pumps, and other turbomachines in processes that bring natural gas to the end users. To be useful, the natural gas coming from a large number of small wells has to be gathered. This process requires compression of the gas in several stages, before it is processed in a gas plant, where contaminants and heavier hydrocarbons are stripped from the gas. From the gas plant, the gas is recompressed and fed into a pipeline. In all these compression processes, centrifugal gas compressors driven by industrial gas turbines or electric motors play an important role. Turbomachines are used in a variety of applications for the production of oil and associated gas. For example, gas turbine generator sets often provide electrical power for offshore platforms or remote oil and gas fields. Offshore platforms have a large electrical demand, often requiring multiple large gas turbine generator sets. Similarly, centrifugal gas compressors, driven by gas turbines or by electric motors are the benchmark products to pump gas through pipelines, anywhere in the world.

Environmental Impact on the Life Cycle for Turbine Based Biomass CHP Plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Mauro Zampilli ◽  
Michele D'Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Biomass CHP plants represent a viable option to produce distributed energy in a sustainable way when the overall environmental benefit is appraised on the whole life cycle. CHP plants for bioenergy conversion may consist of a gasification (IGC – Integrated Gasification Cycle) or pyrolysis (IPRP – Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) pre-treatment unit, producing a syngas that feeds an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. The external combustion mode is also an option, where exhaust gases from biomass combustion provide heat to either a traditional steam cycle, an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) or an EFGT (Externally Fired Gas Turbine). This paper focuses specifically on turbines based technologies and provides a LCA comparison of 4 main technologies suitable for the small scale, namely: EFMGT, ORC, IGC and IPRP. The comparison is carried out considering 3 different biomasses, namely a Short Rotation Forestry, an agricultural residue and an agro industrial residue at 2 different scales: micro scale (100 kw) and small scale (1 MW), being higher scales barely sustainable on the life cycle. From data derived from the Literature or experimental campaign (tests at the IPRP and gasification facilities at the University Perugia), LCA analysis were carried out and the different scenarios were compared based on two impact categories: global warming and human health. Input and output of the derived LCI are referred to the functional unit of 1 kWh electric for upstream, core and downstream processes. Results show the contribution of main processes and are discussed comparing scale, technology and feedstock.

Experience With Mobile Gas Turbines

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Artigas ◽  
E. Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Made In

The Comision Federal de Electricidad of Mexico in 1954 ordered two mobile gas-turbine sets; an additional identical set was ordered in 1955. The first two units went into service in 1955 and the third in 1956. Therefore, all three units have been operated for more than 6 years. This paper reviews briefly the operation data and the difficulties and problems involved. Finally, a few remarks are made in relation to future use of similar units.

The Nuclear Gas Turbine: Towards Realization After Half a Century of Evolution

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Furnace Gases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Space Power Systems

This paper has been written exactly 50 years after the first disclosure of a closed-cycle gas turbine concept with a simplistic uranium heater. Clearly, this plant was ahead of its time in terms of technology readiness, and the closed-cycle gas turbine was initially deployed in a cogeneration mode burning dirty fuels (e.g., coal, furnace gases). In the 1950s through the mid 1980s about 20 of these plants operated providing electrical power and district heating for European cities. The basic concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant was demonstrated in the USA on a small scale in 1961 with a mobile closed-cycle nitrogen gas turbine [330 KW(e)] coupled with a nuclear reactor. In the last three decades, closed-cycle gas turbine research and development, particularly in the U.S. has focused on space power systems, but today the utility size gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is on the verge of being realized. The theme of this paper traces the half century of closed-cycle gas turbine evolution, and discusses the recent enabling technologies (e.g., magnetic bearings, compact recuperator) that now make the GT-MHR close to realization. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Curt Keller who in 1935 filed the first closed-cycle gas turbine patent in Switzerland, and who exactly 50 years ago, first described a power plant involving the coupling of a helium gas turbine with a uranium heater.

Design and Maintenance Issues of Being Able to Repair Marine Gas Turbines Without Removal From the Ship

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Thompson ◽  
John J. Hartranft ◽  
Dan Groghan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Engine Vibration ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Engine Maintenance

Abstract When the concept of aircraft derivative marine gas turbines were originally proposed, one of the selling points was the engine was going to be easy to remove and replace thereby minimizing the operational impact on the ship. Anticipated Mean Time Between Removal (MTBR) of these engines was expected to be approximately 3000 hours, due mostly to turbine corrosion damage. This drove the design and construction of elaborate removal routes into the engine intakes; the expected time to remove and replace the engine was expected to be less than five days. However, when the first USN gas turbine destroyers started operating, it was discovered that turbine corrosion damage was not the problem that drove engine maintenance. The issues that drove engine maintenance were the accessories, the compressor, combustors and engine vibration. Turbine corrosion was discovered to be a longer term affect. This was primarily due to the turbine blade and vane coatings used and intake air filtration. This paper discusses how engine design, tooling development, maintenance procedure development and engine design improvements all contributed to extending the MTBR of USN propulsion and electrical power generation gas turbines on the DD 963, CG 47, DDG 51 and FFG 7 classes to greater than 20,000 hours. The ability to remove the gas turbine rapidly or in most cases repair the engine in-place has given the USN great maintenance flexibility, been very cost effective and not impacted operational readiness.

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